Slide 1

Slide 2

Islam Abdullah D. Panah

Slide 3

Pre-Islamic Arabia Prophet Mohammad is born 570 AD The prophet meets the Angel Gabriel and is told to recite a couple verses from the Quran. 21 st of Ramadan, 610 AD The Prophet gains believers and goes to the Kabba Sharif to pray! He is treated harshly. Therefore, the prophet and his followers went to Madina to escape persecution and strengthen the new religion. Some of his followers sought refuge in Ethiopia and told the Christian king what had happened. 615 AD The prophet Muhammad is terrified and tells his wife bebe Khadija and she takes him to her cousins. Her cousin is very old and blind. Her old cousin tells the prophet to believe his own story and that hell support his idea no matter what. Khadija's cousin died 3 days later. 610 AD

Slide 4

The prophet Muhammad and his followers arrive in Medina 622 AD The prophet unites all the tribes and begins to create an Islamic army to conquer Mecca. 622 AD The prophet makes a trip to Jerusalem to see Al-Aqsa Mosque. From there, he stated that he had toured heaven and hell with Gabriel. He said that he had met with Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. 620 AD The prophet makes the Medina constitution which gives all religions equal rights in Medina. 622 AD Other faiths in Medina become jealous of Muslims suddenly rising to power, so they joined forces against the Prophet and his forces. 624 AD The prophet expelled 2 of 3 particular Jewish groups, Banu Qaynuqa and Nadir. The other groups had always remained loyal to the prophet.

Slide 5

The 2 expelled Jewish tribes gain an army of 10,000 people against the prophet. Their goal was to get Medina for themselves. The prophet reacts with an army of 3,000 people. However, he new a new method of fighting, which came from the Persian convert Salmon. The method was to dig a trench wherever medina lay open to cavalry attack. 627 AD The fighting lasts several weeks until the Jews surrendered. The captured Male Jews are given 2 choices: 1.Convert to Islam 2.Be beheaded The women and children were enslaved. 627 AD The prophet and his followers were going to go to Mecca to sacrifice animals and complete their Hajj. However, the 2 expelled Jewish tribes tried fighting the Muslims. Therefore, they signed a 10 year treaty known as the Truce of Truce of Hudaybiyyah. 628 AD The prophet sent letters to major leaders surrounding Arabia, telling them to convert to Islam. 628 AD The Banu Khuza tribe, the prophets allies, was attacked by the Banu Bakr tribe, which was supported by the Meccans. The prophet then sent a letter to Mecca telling them to agree to 1 of the conditions. They agreed to declare the truce of Truce of Hudaybiyyah null. 628 AD The Meccans realized they made a mistake by agreeing to that term because it permitted the prophet and his forces to capture Mecca. The Meccans sent 1 of their people to renew the truce, however the Prophet Muhammad declined their offer. 630 AD

Slide 6

The Prophet Muhammad attacks Mecca and takes over the city. 630 AD There were minimal casualties and most of the Meccans convert to Islam. The prophet destroys all the Arabian god statues in and around the Kabba. 630 AD The Prophet led his forces to attack the Banu Tabuk because they had adopted an anti- Muslim policy. After they were defeated, the Tabuk tribe sent missionaries to the prophet to convert to Islam. 630 AD The Prophet went for a farewell pilgrimage to Mecca. 632 AD The Prophet died of an illness at the age of 62 or 63. June 8 th, 632 AD Abu Bakr becomes 1 st caliph. June, 632 AD

Slide 7

Ridda Wars begin. The Ridda Wars were win the 1 st caliph Abu Bakr became the prophets successor. The Arabian tribes refused to stick with the Muslim empire because they insisted that they had made a peace treaty with the prophet, not the Muslims. Therefore, the Ridda War began and the people who were disobeying were defeated and the Muslims became united again. 633 AD The 1 st caliph, Abu Bakr died from an illness and due to his old age, he couldnt recover. 634 AD Umar succeeded 1 st caliph, Abu Bakr, as the 2 nd Caliph. 634 AD 2 nd caliph Umar really expanded the Muslim empire. The empire went from just Arabia and parts of Persia to western Afghanistan, Southwestern Pakistan, Iran, Southwestern Uzbekistan, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, Northern Libya, Eastern Tunisia, Lebanon, Azerbaijan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, Eastern Turkey, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Armenia, and Southern Georgia. Caliph Umar goes to perform his Hajj and gets assassinated. He got stabbed multiple times and died from his wounds 3 days later. 644 AD

Slide 8

Uthman becomes the 3 rd caliph. 644 AD Uthman really increased the wealth of the Muslim people living in his empire. He was a shrewd businessman. He increased the salary of people working for his government by 25%. 645 AD Caliph Uthman created a public treasury system whom people could borrow money from. 647 AD People lived under peace and prosperity during his reign. Many people were wealthy. This led to the construction of new high rise buildings. During his rein more than 5000 new mosques were constructed. 3 rd Caliph Uthman gets assassinated. 656 AD Ali becomes the 4 th caliph. 656 AD

Slide 9

4 th caliphate Ali didnt punish the rebels. 656 AD The people went into civil war. There were people who said that Uthman was illegally killed. Others said that Uthman wasnt following the Islamic law so he was executed. 656 AD Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, a Kharijite, assassinated Ali with a stroke of his poison-coated sword. The 4 th caliph died 2 days after the stroke from the sword. He ordered his sons not to attack the kharjites. However, he ordered his sons not to injure the person who killed him with more than 1 hit because the guy who killed him killed him with 1 hit. Therefore, his assassin got hit once and died from his wounds. Mecca Qibla, Ramadan, 661 4 th caliph, Alis eldest son, Hassan becomes the next caliph. 661 AD When Ali was buried, nobody knew where his grave was until 5 years later. Currently it is not 100% known where he is. There are multiple mosques in Afghanistan, Iran, and Afghanistan that claim he is buried there. Currently the most likely grave of him is in Najaf, Iran. The 2 nd likely is in Mazaar e Sharif, Afghanistan at the Blue Mosque. 661 AD- Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, who had a long- running dispute with Ali, summoned the commanders of his forces in Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan to join him in preparation for battle. Muawiyah wanted to take the caliphate for himself. 661 AD

Slide 10

Muawiyah told Hasans wife to poison him in exchange for wealth and marriage to his son when he becomes caliph. 670 AD Unfortunately Hasans wife did as told and mixed honey and poison and gave it to Hasan. Hasan died. 670 AD Hasan wanted to be buried near his grandmother Fatima and wanted to pay his last respects to the Prophet Muhammad. Aisha would not permit anyone but Muhammad be buried in his house. 670 AD Muawiyah defeats Hasan and becomes the ruling Caliph and the 1 st caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. Hasan becomes the 2 nd imam of Shi'ite Islam. 661 AD Muawiyah greatly beautified Damascus likening it to Rome. Muawiyah died of a stroke brought on by his weight. 681 AD Yazid, Muawiyahs son, becomes the 2 nd caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. 681 AD Alis other son Husayn opposed to Yazids nomination because he wasnt appointed by nor the coucil or by election. He started to round up people against Yazid. Unfortunately, Husayn was unsuccessful and had most of his family captured during the battle. 681 AD

Slide 11

Yazid dies suddenly making his son, Muawiyah II the 3 rd Umayyad caliphate. 683 AD Muawiyah II was 22 when he assumed the caliph position. He was fairly peaceful. He declared that hed give the caliph position to Husayns allies. He had no interest in politics. 683 AD Muawiyah II abdicated. June, 684 Marwan becomes the 4 th Umayyad caliph. 684 AD Muawiyah II dies unexpectedly a month after his abdication. July, 684 Marwan recaptured Egypt and Syria from the opposition. 684 AD Marwan dies. May 7 th,685 AD

Slide 12

Abd Al-Malik becomes the 5 th Umayyad caliph. However Ibn Al-Zubayr continues to control half of the Islamic empire remaining as the 6 th Sassanid caliph. 685 AD Abd Al-Malik was a military genious and was very active in politics. He captured all the opposing mulim territories and brought the whole Islamic empire under his control. In 692 AD, Ibn Al-Zubayr is defeated, killed, and crucified by Al- Maliks army. 685-692 AD The caliph creates a national mint system. This was the Islamic empires 1 st currency. 692 AD The caliph begins the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. 692 AD Al-Malik orders gold coins to be melted and put on the Dome of the Rock. The Mosque is completed. 697 AD Abd Al-Malik constructs plenty of beautiful architectural structures in both Damascus and Jerusalem. 692-700 AD The caliph dies peacefully in Al-Sinnabra in modern day Israel.

Slide 13

His son Al-Walid I becomes the 6 th Umayyad caliph. 705 AD Al Walid I constructs Al-Aqsa mosque and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. 705-710 AD Al-Walid I improves mountain passes and wells in the Islamic empire. Al-Walid I extends the Islamic empire so that it spans from Portugal-India. 711 AD Al-Walid I died in Damascus at the age of 47 and was buried there. 715 AD Sulayman, his brother, becomes the 6 th caliph. 715 AD Sulayman began attacking the Byzantine empire to further expand the Islamic empire. 716 AD Sulayman died on the way to combat on the Byzantine border at the age of 43. 717 AD

Slide 14

Umar, the great grandson of the 2 nd Sassanid caliphate, became the 7 th Umayyad caliphate. 717 AD Umar lived a non-luxarious life unlike the other caliphs. He donated all his money to the poor or public treasury. 700-720 AD Umar greatly enforced Zakat and banned people cursing at the caliph Ali after Friday prayers. 718 AD His reforms in favor of the people greatly angered the Umayyad's and they told 1 of his servants to poison him. Umar got poisoned and died at 38 years old. 720 AD

Slide 15

Brought to you by: Apple Inc.'s iPad 2 Created by: Abdullah Panah Written by: Abdullah Panah Animated by: Abdullah Panah Music by: Farhad Darya and Hangama Illustrations by: Google Edited by: Abdullah Panah Software by: Microsoft Computer provided by: Dell Speakers provided by: INSIGNIA Table by: Ikea Other Sponsers Google Microsoft Facebook Obama United Arab Emirates Qatar Syria Egyptian Protesters Panjshir Water Fiji Water Coca-Cola Aljazeera CNN MSNBC Good Morning America, ABC Sony Ikea Target At&t Best Buy

Slide 16