iservcmb measured energy consumption data by hvac ... · intelligent energy uk project number:...

Inspection of HVAC Systems through continuous monitoring and benchmarking Intelligent Energy UK Project Number: IEE-10-272

Acronym: iSERV

The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the UKan Union. Neither the EACI nor the UKan Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

iSERVcmb Measured Energy Consumption Data by HVAC Component and Activity: UK

-

July 2014

Ian Knight and Afroditi Konidari Cardiff University

Intelligent Energy – UK (IEE) SAVE Project May 7th 2011 to May 6th 2014 Project websites: Main website: http://www.iservcmb.info Database website: http://www.iservcmb.UK

http://www.iservcmb.info/

http://www.iservcmb.eu/

iSERVcmb Measured Data Analysis – UK HERO Dataset

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iSERVcmb Project Team

Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University UK (Project co-ordinator)

K2n Ltd UK

MacWhirter Ltd

UK

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Greece

University of Porto Portugal

Politecnico di Torino

Italy

Université de Liège

Belgium

Univerza v Ljubljani

Slovenia

University of Pecs Hungary

Austrian Energy Agency

Austria

REHVA UK

CIBSE UK


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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 5

1.1 Measured data accuracy ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Data overview ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Major conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 5

2 HVAC COMPONENT AND ACTIVITIES OVERVIEW PLUS DATA SUMMARIES ......................... 7

2.1 Overall HVAC Components and Activities Summary ...................................................................... 8

3 SUMMARY OF MEASURED ANNUAL ENERGY USE BY HVAC COMPONENT AND SUB-COMPONENT TYPE SERVICING A GIVEN ACTIVITY .................................................................... 9

3.1 Air Handling Units in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 ............... 21 3.2 All in One Systems in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 .............. 22 3.3 Cold Generators in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 ................. 23 3.4 Heat Generators in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 ................. 24 3.5 Heat Pumps in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 ........................ 25 3.6 Heat Rejection in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 .................... 26 3.7 Pumps in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 ................................. 27 3.8 Terminal Units in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 .................... 28

4 SUMMARY OF MEASURED ELECTRICAL POWER DEMANDS BY HVAC COMPONENT AND SUB-COMPONENT TYPE SERVICING A GIVEN ACTIVITY .................................................................. 29

4.1 Assembly areas / halls - Electricity power demand summary by component .............................. 42 4.2 Catering: Eating/drinking area – Electricity power demand summary by component ................ 42 4.3 Catering: Full Kitchen Preparing Hot Meals – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................................................................................................................ 42 4.4 Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink) – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................................................................................................................ 43 4.5 Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area – Electricity power demand summary by component 43 4.6 Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................................................................................................................ 43 4.7 Catering: Vending Machines – Electricity power demand summary by component ................... 44 4.8 Cellular Office Area – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................. 44 4.9 Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................................................................................................................ 44 4.10 Circulation area (corridors and stairways) – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................................................................................................................ 45 4.11 Consulting/treatment room – Electricity power demand summary by component .................... 45 4.12 IT: High Density IT Suite – Electricity power demand summary by component ........................... 45 4.13 IT: LAN Rooms – Electricity power demand summary by component ......................................... 46 4.14 IT: Server Room – Electricity power demand summary by component ....................................... 46 4.15 Laboratory – Electricity power demand summary by component ............................................... 46 4.16 Laboratory with fume cupboards – Electricity power demand summary by component ............ 47 4.17 Lecture theatre – Electricity power demand summary by component ........................................ 47 4.18 Library - open stacks – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................ 47 4.19 Library - stacks and storeroom – Electricity power demand summary by component ................ 48 4.20 Lifts – Electricity power demand summary by component .......................................................... 48 4.21 Light Plant Room – Electricity power demand summary by component ..................................... 48 4.22 Lounges – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................... 49 4.23 Meeting Room – Electricity power demand summary by component ......................................... 49


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4.24 Open Plan Office Area – Electricity power demand summary by component ............................. 49 4.25 Reception – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................ 50 4.26 Recreational: Changing facilities with showers – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................................................................................................................ 50 4.27 Recreational: Fitness Studio – Electricity power demand summary by component .................... 50 4.28 Recreational: Fitness Suite/Gym – Electricity power demand summary by component ............. 51 4.29 Recreational: Sports ground changing rooms – Electricity power demand summary by component 51 4.30 Retail Warehouse Sales area – general – Electricity power demand summary by component ... 51 4.31 Small Shop Unit Sales area – general – Electricity power demand summary by component ...... 52 4.32 Stage (theatres and event buildings) – Electricity power demand summary by component ...... 52 4.33 Storage Area/Cupboard – Electricity power demand summary by component .......................... 52 4.34 Teaching Areas – Electricity power demand summary by component ........................................ 53 4.35 Toilet – Electricity power demand summary by component ........................................................ 53 4.36 Waiting Rooms – Electricity power demand summary by component ........................................ 53 4.37 Workshop – Electricity power demand summary by component ................................................ 54

5 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 54


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1 Introduction This report presents the measured HVAC component energy consumption and end use activity data obtained for the UK during the iSERVcmb project.

The report tabulates the recorded energy use and power demand information by floor area, HVAC component and sub-component type, for each activity type within the iSERVcmb system.

The figures presented include energy use data which has been apportioned across more than one activity and/or component in some cases. The apportionments have been made using a mixture of pre-existing data and data collected during the project period. Care has been taken to ensure the data produced is not simply self-referencing.

1.1 Measured data accuracy The actual floor areas recorded for each building and system are expected to be between -1 to +4% of the value recorded in the associated iSERVcmb spreadsheet.

While this document deals only with electricity, the maximum expected error in the read for each electricity and gas meter is ± 2% [Knight 2014]. For heat meters the expected errors are around -10% based on studies of the actual performance of installed heat meters in Sweden [Jomni 2006] and observations of installation practice in real buildings.

The data presented here should be read with these potential inaccuracies in mind.

1.2 Data overview The datasets show that the measured overall average annual energy use and power demands by HVAC component type are as in Table 1. It can be seen that power demands are not a good indicator of likely annual energy use, and that ALL elements of an HVAC system appear to play a significant role in the overall annual energy consumption likely to arise from that system.

Table 1 – Overall measured average power demands and annual energy consumptions across the entire UK by HVAC component type

Co

ld G

ener

ato

rs

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Hea

t P

um

p

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Hea

t G

ener

ato

rs

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Hea

t R

eco

very

De

hu

mid

ific

atio

n

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

W/m2 9.9 6.8 3.6 1.8 4.3 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.01 14.6 kWh/m2 46.0 41.3 30.0 24.4 19.0 18.5 1.5 1.1 134.8

1.3 Major conclusions The data presented shows that there are significant variations in the power demands and energy use of almost every combination of HVAC sub-component and activity. These variations are due to a variety of reasons ranging from climate, through building and system design, to simple inefficiency in operation and maintenance of the HVAC systems.

What the wider iSERVcmb project has shown is that the inefficiencies are a significant part of the variations being found in the data presented in this document.

The data presented in these tables is a look at the detail of how building services consume energy in operational buildings across the UK. However, on its own this information does not allow the


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owners/operators of the systems which contributed this data to know how or whether they should be doing better.

The full dataset from which this document is drawn, used in conjunction with the iSERVcmb approach, can however start this process by benchmarking individual systems and buildings against this data.

It has not been possible to fully describe the iSERVcmb dataset in a document yet, as there was too much work to do during the project just to assemble the raw data. Continuing analysis will produce further information and data out of this project which will form the basis of professional guidance and standards in the future.


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2 HVAC Component and Activities Overview plus Data Summaries This section covers the overall description of the HVAC components as given in the iSERV spreadsheets for the UK, as well as summarising the measured data from the more detailed parts of this report.

Table 1a - Number of meters serving each activity

Activity type

Elec

tric

ity

Gas

Hea

t

Assembly areas / halls 14 6 3

Catering: Eating/drinking area 26 6 3

Catering: Full Kitchen Preparing Hot Meals 15

Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink) 22 3 3

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 17 8 4 Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 8 4

Catering: Vending Machines 8 4

Cellular Office Area 73 9 4

Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 16 6 3

Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 69 9 4 Consulting/treatment room 14

Heavy Plant Room 2 2 3

IT: High Density IT Suite 46 9 3

IT: LAN Rooms 35 8 3

IT: Server Room 18 6 3 Laboratory 7 3

Laboratory with fume cupboards 6 1

Lecture theatre 14 1

Library - open stacks 9 4

Library - stacks and storeroom 8 4 Lifts 43

Light Plant Room 73 9 3

Lounges 21 1

Meeting Room 65 8 4

Open Plan Office Area 51 5

Reception 35 7 3 Recreational : Changing facilities with showers 15 1

Recreational : Fitness Studio 15 1

Recreational : Fitness Suite/Gym 11

Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms 21 6

Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 1 1 Small Shop Unit Sales area - general 3 2 3

Stage (theatres and event buildings) 4 1

Storage Area/Cupboard 56 9 4

Teaching Areas 9 3

Toilet 53 8 4 Waiting Rooms 13

Workshop 5 1


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2.1 Overall HVAC Components and Activities Summary Table 2b summarises the data collected for the HVAC Components and the iSERV Activity types available in the UK. It can be seen that the HVAC components in the UK service 38 different activity types with total areas ranging in size from 8 to 9,500 m2. The most frequently encountered component types in the project were AHU’s and pumps.

Table 2b – Overall Systems Summary for UK showing numbers of components and spaces associated with each activity type

Activity Name

Flo

or

Are

a m

2

Nu

m S

pa

ces

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

All

in O

ne

Sys

tem

s

Co

ld G

en

era

tors

He

at G

en

era

tors

He

at P

um

p

He

at R

eco

very

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Hu

mid

ifie

rs

Pu

mp

s

Sto

rage

Sys

tem

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Assembly areas / halls 217.3 4 5 2 6 2 6 Catering: Eating/drinking area 488.8 8 8 8 9 5 2 15

Catering: Full Kitchen Preparing Hot Meals 684.3 5 5 6 3 3 3 10

Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink)

40.24 6 7 8 7 3 2 19 1 1

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area

49.2 8 6 1 4 10 4 1 20 2

Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 76.33 1 2 1 2 3 2 5

Catering: Vending Machines 27.7 1 2 2 3 2 5 Cellular Office Area 9097 466 43 13 15 7 29 40 1 7

Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 372.3 13 7 2 6 1 1 2 6

Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 9487 216 48 12 14 7 35 35 1 3 Consulting/treatment room 40.8 4 4 6 3 3 2 10

Heavy Plant Room 10.8 1 3 1 IT: High Density IT Suite 855.1 22 20 1 13 12 7 9 34 1 6

IT: LAN Rooms 166.1 18 18 1 10 11 1 1 7 3 28 2

IT: Server Room 319.3 8 4 7 3 7 7 10 2 Laboratory 1163 46 6 5 5 2 1 22 1 2

Laboratory with fume cupboards 234.5 3 3 3 3 10 1

Lecture theatre 149 2 4 7 4 4 2 15 1 Library - open stacks 629.7 2 2 2 3 2 4

Library - stacks and storeroom 232.8 1 2 2 3 2 4

Lifts 861.4 49 32 6 3 3 26 10 1 Light Plant Room 3513 102 48 12 12 7 35 37 1 3

Lounges 131.6 4 7 8 6 3 2 20 1 Meeting Room 2612 80 40 3 11 13 1 1 8 21 35 4

Open Plan Office Area 7350 62 35 2 9 7 1 1 6 17 22 1

Reception 360.6 9 13 10 10 5 4 24 1 Recreational : Changing facilities with showers

190.4 5 2 8 4 3 1 18 1 1

Recreational : Fitness Studio 500.2 6 2 1 8 6 3 1 20 1 1 Recreational : Fitness Suite/Gym 117.9 1 1 1 6 3 3 1 10

Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms

87.37 4 5 1 10 8 7 2 25 2

Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 8.15 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1

Small Shop Unit Sales area - general 63.45 1 3 2 Stage (theatres and event buildings) 135.9 1 1 2 3 10 1

Storage Area/Cupboard 1204 158 28 1 13 15 7 10 43 1 3

Teaching Areas 5315 28 4 7 3 2 1 18 1 4 Toilet 1142 84 32 10 12 7 22 28 3

Waiting Rooms 15.87 1 3 6 3 3 1 10 Workshop 90.26 2 2 2 3 10 1


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3 Summary of measured annual energy use by HVAC Component and sub-component type servicing a given activity

This section summarises the range of electrical annual energy consumption per m2 by activity served, that have been measured across all the HVAC sub-component types monitored in iSERVcmb.

The main observations from the tables are:

- Many of the HVAC components have significant average energy consumptions across a number of the end use activities

- IT related end uses are clearly the most significant loads on many HVAC components - Air handling units and Cold generators have the highest average annual consumptions - Pumps and Terminal Units also consume significant quantities of energy over a year – reflecting

their more continuous operation, in particular for pumps.

A summary of the measured average annual energy use by activity type and HVAC component type is shown in Table 3. Values in brackets indicate the standard deviation found from this average. This data can be used to estimate the likely annual energy use range to be incurred by an HVAC component while servicing this type of activity in the UK. The more detailed tables also show this information by HVAC sub-component as well.


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Table 3 – Benchmarks for measured Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Use in kWh/m2 Summary by HVAC Component and Activity Type. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

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ne

rato

rs

He

at P

um

p

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at

Re

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ion

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Activity Name AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

AVG kWh/m2.a

SD AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

AVG kWh/m2.a

SD AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

AVG kWh/m2.a

SD AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

AVG kWh/m2.a

SD

Assembly areas / halls 125.22 141.62 0.31 0.20 2.36 3.21 0.03 0.02 157.71 247.82 Catering: Eating/drinking area 41.40 52.22 1.31 0.82 2.36 3.21 0.07 0.04 39.43 61.95


17.45 5.87 0.00 0.88 0.81

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 79.32 51.29 130.16 7.67 7.52 1.75 2.81 0.36 0.36 17.11 36.68 11.17 0.61 Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 56.47 63.49 130.16 0.44 0.27 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.04 29.86 54.09

Catering: Vending Machines 56.47 63.49 0.44 0.27 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.04 29.86 54.09 Cellular Office Area 7.96 5.68 15.60 18.53 1.75 2.82 0.27 0.27 12.76 26.86 61.14 77.94

Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 2.11 2.54 1.28 0.80 2.36 3.21 58.21 0.04 0.03 29.57 29.96 Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 6.89 3.94 5.45 5.34 1.75 2.82 0.17 0.16 9.33 26.28 11.17 0.61

IT: High Density IT Suite 43.87 23.23 152.27 216.83 212.32 1.75 2.82 0.61 0.59 118.06 328.17 93.14 86.08 IT: LAN Rooms 7.70 11.09 456.49 447.00 1.75 2.82 41.20 3.59 3.52 212.03 383.38 22.35 1.22 IT: Server Room 8.63 7.37 640.69 273.03 247.86 308.41 1.99 3.01 97.83 89.70 225.63 472.95 15.98

Laboratory 41.19 13.30 26.51 1.45 0.22 0.01 0.65 0.04 7.73 6.54 11.18 0.61 Laboratory with fume cupboards 2.70 2.75

Lecture theatre 47.21 10.06 0.23 1.31 14.96 10.76 23.22 Library - open stacks 2.78 0.11 0.45 0.28 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.05 39.43 61.95

Library - stacks and storeroom 2.77 0.30 0.19 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.05 15.12 23.76 Light Plant Room 4.68 3.32 0.40 0.40 0.08 0.08 0.50 0.03

Lounges 0.59 0.51 Meeting Room 13.91 13.84 64.91 27.06 9.02 7.29 1.55 2.67 58.21 0.47 0.38 13.59 27.28 10.11 1.89

Open Plan Office Area 5.48 8.43 32.07 0.00 7.49 10.29 0.07 0.11 58.21 0.25 0.34 23.15 35.69 11.61 Reception 2.11 1.50 0.84 0.53 2.36 3.21 0.03 0.02 17.40 41.28

Recreational : Changing facilities with showers

38.88 0.59 0.47

Recreational : Fitness Studio 19.44 0.39 0.30

Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms 64.79 37.18 0.11 0.10 9.68 22.42 11.17 0.61 Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 20.89 14.91 0.23 0.82 10.47 7.46 11.61

Small Shop Unit Sales area - general 5.88 0.00 Stage (theatres and event buildings) 0.79 0.59 0.51

Storage Area/Cupboard 8.76 7.48 1.58 1.92 1.75 2.82 0.07 0.08 18.74 34.40 11.17 0.61 Teaching Areas 15.84 4.70 6.92 3.60 0.22 0.01 0.48 0.03 2.90 2.36 124.37 196.06

Toilet 41.87 71.58 1.21 1.19 2.55 4.17 0.26 0.25 11.19 28.79 11.17 0.61 Workshop 25.39 0.14 0.02


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Figure 1 - Visualisation of measured average annual energy consumption in kWh/m2 by activity and HVAC component across the UK

0

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Air

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Visualisation of measured average annual energy consumption in kWh/m2 by activity and HVAC component across the UKActivity NameAssembly areas / hallsBathroomBedroomCatering: BarsCatering: Eating/drinking areaCatering: Full Kitchen Preparing Hot MealsCatering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink)Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation AreaCatering: Snack Bar with Chilled CabinetsCatering: Vending MachinesCellular Office AreaCellular Office Area - multiple occupationCirculation area (corridors and stairways)Consulting/treatment roomDept Store Sales area - chilledDept Store Sales area - generalDiagnostic ImagingEscalatorsExhibition rooms, museumGeneric Checkin areasGeneric WardHotel roomIT: High Density IT SuiteIT: LAN RoomsIT: Server RoomLaboratoryLaboratory - SterileLaboratory with fume cupboardsLaundryLecture theatreLibrary - open stacksLibrary - reading roomLibrary - stacks and storeroomLiftsLight Plant RoomLoungesMeeting RoomMulti-storey car parks (office and private use)NurseryOpen Plan Office AreaOperating TheatrePhysiotherapy StudioReceptionRecreational : Changing facilities with showersRecreational : Fitness StudioRecreational : Fitness Suite/GymRecreational : Recreational PoolRecreational : Sports ground changing roomsRetail Warehouse Sales area - chilledRetail Warehouse Sales area - generalSmall Shop Unit Sales area - chilledSmall Shop Unit Sales area - generalSpectator area (theatres and event buildings)Stage (theatres and event buildings)Storage Area/CupboardTeaching AreasToiletUnoccupied spaceWaiting RoomsWarehouse storageWorkshop


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Figure 2 - Air Handling Units - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

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Air Handling Units - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


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Figure 3 - All in One Systems - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

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om

s, m

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it S

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rksh

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All in One Systems - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 4 - Cold Generators - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

IT:

Serv

er

Ro

om

Cat

erin

g: F

ull

Kit

che

n P

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the

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occ

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ied

sp

ace

Cold Generators - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 5 - Heat Generators - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Rec

reat

ion

al :

Re

crea

tio

nal

Po

ol

Cat

erin

g: B

ars

Rec

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ard

Cir

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eric

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ull

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iple

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ite

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eral

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nt…

War

eho

use

sto

rage

Heat Generators - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 6 - Heat Pump - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Rec

reat

ion

al :

Ch

angi

ng…

Smal

l Sh

op

Un

it S

ales

are

a -…

Cel

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ack

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sp

ace

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tin

g R

oo

ms

War

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use

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Heat Pump - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 7 - Heat Recovery - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Cat

erin

g: E

atin

g/d

rin

kin

g ar

ea

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g: K

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smal

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lar

Off

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…IT

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igh

De

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ty IT

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ite

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om

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ry -

op

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g: F

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e A

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ot

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g: S

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ar w

ith

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lar

Off

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g/tr

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om

Dep

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Dep

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ner

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ion

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om

s, m

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War

dH

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om

Lab

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Lab

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ry w

ith

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me

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Lect

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: Sp

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…R

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…Sm

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…St

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nt…

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occ

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ied

sp

ace

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tin

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oo

ms

War

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use

sto

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rksh

op

Heat Recovery - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 8 - Heat Rejection - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Dep

t St

ore

Sal

es a

rea

- ge

ner

alIT

: Se

rve

r R

oo

mIT

: LA

N R

oo

ms

Lect

ure

th

eatr

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pen

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ffic

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ail W

are

ho

use

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es

area

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h D

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IT S

uit

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all S

ho

p U

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es a

rea

-…C

ellu

lar

Off

ice

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aLa

bo

rato

ryLa

bo

rato

ry w

ith

fu

me

cup

bo

ard

sEx

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itio

n r

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ms,

mu

seu

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en

eric

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ecki

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Lib

rary

- s

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ng

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om

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g: E

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g/d

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g: L

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ed H

ot

Foo

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g: S

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ar w

ith

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g: V

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lar

Off

ice

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rary

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n s

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hal

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ircu

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are

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nd

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om

Rec

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Are

a/C

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ic Im

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ard

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…R

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ng

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se s

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ork

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p

Heat Rejection - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 9 - Pumps - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

0

50

100

150

200

250

IT:

Serv

er

Ro

om

IT:

LAN

Ro

om

sLe

ctu

re t

hea

tre

IT:

Hig

h D

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l War

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se S

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iagn

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ic Im

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ater

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Pumps - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 10 - Terminal Units - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served

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Terminal Units - Average annual kWh/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

3.1 Air Handling Units in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2

The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for the Air Handling Unit sub-components shown in each column.

Table 4 – Air Handling Units sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

Extr

act

on

ly

Sup

ply

an

d e

xtra

ct

Sup

ply

an

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xtra

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eat

ing

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ling

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, etc

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rian

ts

Activity Name AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

AVG kWh/m2.a

SD AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

AVG kWh/m2.a

SD AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

Assembly areas / halls 247.86 0.00 2.64 2.50

Catering: Eating/drinking area 78.33 4.47


17.45

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 82.52 92.31 65.73 58.24 55.72 82.52

Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 101.37 11.58

Catering: Vending Machines 101.37 11.58

Cellular Office Area 8.83 5.70 2.76

Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 5.22 2.69 2.76 0.40

Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 10.70 0.00 5.03 1.63 5.86 6.81

IT: High Density IT Suite 52.34 15.53 10.00

IT: LAN Rooms 12.89 7.75 18.85 22.51 0.53

IT: Server Room 13.85 3.42

Laboratory 41.19 13.30

Lecture theatre 47.21

Library - open stacks 2.86 2.70

Library - stacks and storeroom 2.77

Light Plant Room 5.27 3.22 1.18

Meeting Room 38.44 18.66 11.42 4.47 0.64 38.44

Open Plan Office Area 11.96 10.19 3.09 0.48

Reception 3.17 1.05

Recreational : Changing facilities with showers 38.88

Recreational : Fitness Studio 19.44

Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms 62.58 3.43 67.00 64.15

Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 20.89

Stage (theatres and event buildings) 0.79

Storage Area/Cupboard 14.68 8.18 7.88 8.12 9.28

Teaching Areas 15.84 4.70

Toilet 169.58 9.68 0.53 10.20 10.16

Workshop 25.39


of 54

3.2 All in One Systems in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2

The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for the All-in-one sub-components shown in each column.

Table 5 – All-in-one sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

ASH

P C

oo

ling

On

ly

ASH

P R

eve

rse

Cyc

le -

Co

olin

g O

pti

mis

ed

Activity Name AVG kWh/m2.a SD AVG kWh/m2.a SD

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 130.16

Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 130.16

IT: High Density IT Suite 152.27

IT: Server Room 640.69 273.03

Meeting Room 80.53 - 33.67

Open Plan Office Area 32.07 -


of 54

3.3 Cold Generators in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2

The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for the Cold Generator sub-components shown in each column.

Table 6 – Cold Generators sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

Ind

ire

ct

eva

po

rati

ve

coo

ler

Re

cip

roca

tin

g

Liq

uid

Ch

ille

rs

Scre

w L

iqu

id

Ch

ille

rs

Activity Name AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

AVG kWh/m2.a

SD AVG

kWh/m2.a SD

Assembly areas / halls 0.31 0.20 Catering: Eating/drinking area 1.31 0.82

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 14.15 0.77 1.18 0.74 Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 0.44 0.27

Catering: Vending Machines 0.44 0.27 Cellular Office Area 46.53 14.53 0.80 1.22 0.76

Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 1.28 0.80 Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 10.06 0.55 0.84 0.53

IT: High Density IT Suite 400.08 21.90 33.59 21.00 IT: LAN Rooms 842.28 46.10 70.70 44.21

IT: Server Room 602.14 70.71 44.21 Laboratory 26.51 1.45

Lecture theatre 10.06 Library - open stacks 0.45 0.28

Library - stacks and storeroom 0.30 0.19 Light Plant Room 0.74 0.04 0.06 0.04

Meeting Room 14.16 2.65 1.31 0.82 Open Plan Office Area 19.35 1.56 0.98

Reception 0.84 0.53 Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 14.91

Storage Area/Cupboard 4.77 1.49 0.08 0.07 0.07 Teaching Areas 9.55 0.00 2.98 0.16

Toilet 2.23 0.12 0.18 0.12


of 54

3.4 Heat Generators in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2

The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for the Heat Generator sub-components shown in each column.

Table 7 – Heat Generators sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

Fuel

Fir

ed

Bo

ilers

Activity Name AVG kWh/m2.a SD Assembly areas / halls 2.36 3.21 Catering: Eating/drinking area 2.36 3.21 Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink) 5.87 - Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 1.75 2.81 Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 0.03 - Catering: Vending Machines 0.03 - Cellular Office Area 1.75 2.82 Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 2.36 3.21 Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 1.75 2.82 IT: High Density IT Suite 1.75 2.82 IT: LAN Rooms 1.75 2.82 IT: Server Room 1.99 3.01 Laboratory 0.22 0.01 Lecture theatre 0.23 Library - open stacks 0.01 - Library - stacks and storeroom 0.01 - Meeting Room 1.55 2.67 Open Plan Office Area 0.07 0.11 Reception 2.36 3.21 Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms 0.11 0.10 Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 0.23 Small Shop Unit Sales area - general 5.88 - Storage Area/Cupboard 1.75 2.82 Teaching Areas 0.22 0.01 Toilet 2.55 4.17


of 54

3.5 Heat Pumps in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for the Heat Pump sub-components shown in each column.

Table 8 – Heat Pump sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

ASH

P R

ever

se C

ycle

-

Co

olin

g O

pti

mis

ed

Activity Name AVG kWh/m2.a SD Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 58.21

IT: LAN Rooms 41.20

Meeting Room 58.21

Open Plan Office Area 58.21


of 54

3.6 Heat Rejection in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2

The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for the Heat Rejection sub-components shown in each column.

Table 9 – Heat Rejection sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

Forc

ed

air

con

de

nse

rs

Activity Name AVG kWh/m2.a SD

Assembly areas / halls 0.03 0.02 Catering: Eating/drinking area 0.07 0.04 Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 0.36 0.36 Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 0.06 0.04 Catering: Vending Machines 0.06 0.04 Cellular Office Area 0.27 0.27 Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 0.04 0.03 Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 0.17 0.16 IT: High Density IT Suite 0.61 0.59 IT: LAN Rooms 3.59 3.52 IT: Server Room 97.83 89.70 Laboratory 0.65 0.04 Lecture theatre 1.31 Library - open stacks 0.08 0.05 Library - stacks and storeroom 0.08 0.05 Light Plant Room 0.08 0.08 Meeting Room 0.47 0.38 Open Plan Office Area 0.25 0.34 Reception 0.03 0.02 Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 0.82 Storage Area/Cupboard 0.07 0.08 Teaching Areas 0.48 0.03 Toilet 0.26 0.25


of 54

3.7 Pumps in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for Pump sub-components shown in each column.

Table 10 – Pump sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

Ch

ille

d w

ate

r p

rim

ary

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mp

s

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y p

um

ps

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s

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(cir

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s

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r se

con

dar

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um

ps

Activity Name AVG

kWh/m2 .a

SD AVG

kWh/m2 .a

SD AVG

kWh/m2 .a

SD AVG

kWh/m2 .a

SD AVG

kWh/m2 .a

SD AVG

kWh/m2 .a

SD

Assembly areas / halls 25.32 4.21 443.61 Catering: Eating/drinking area 6.33 1.05 110.90 Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink)

0.18 - 1.59 -

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 1.79 0.10 5.25 1.25 0.50 0.03 0.14 4.79 2.04 58.43 60.58

Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 6.33 0.12 2.11 110.90 Catering: Vending Machines 6.33 0.12 2.10 110.90

Cellular Office Area 1.79 0.10 5.25 1.25 0.50 0.03 0.29 0.04 3.44 2.06 46.74 43.57 Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 6.33 1.05 55.45 -

Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 1.79 0.10 4.89 1.25 0.50 0.03 0.18 - 3.23 2.51 40.94 60.59 IT: High Density IT Suite 22.35 1.22 61.15 15.71 0.50 0.03 0.36 - 48.39 26.30 511.76 757.36

IT: LAN Rooms 22.35 1.22 65.63 15.65 0.50 0.03 54.21 35.26 584.31 544.67 IT: Server Room 15.98 141.36 71.87 0.36 33.21 28.36 719.77 942.59

Laboratory 4.99 0.27 11.65 0.64 0.50 0.03 0.29 0.06 11.04 5.24 16.64 0.91 Laboratory with fume cupboards 0.21 0.03 5.19 0.63 Lecture theatre 7.43 17.33 0.52 24.76 24.76

Library - open stacks 6.33 1.05 110.90 Library - stacks and storeroom 2.43 0.40 42.53

Light Plant Room 0.50 0.03 Lounges 0.12 0.00 1.06 0.00

Meeting Room 1.62 0.30 4.80 1.48 0.46 0.09 4.31 2.32 39.66 42.66 Open Plan Office Area 1.86 5.66 1.15 0.52 3.62 3.63 57.00 42.79

Reception 6.33 0.18 - 1.41 0.31 110.90 Recreational : Changing facilities with showers 0.18 - 0.99 -

Recreational : Fitness Studio 0.12 - 0.66 - Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms 0.50 0.03 0.15 3.06 1.17 25.59 37.87

Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 5.18 12.10 0.52 17.28 17.28 Stage (theatres and event buildings) 0.12 - 1.06 0.00 Storage Area/Cupboard 1.79 0.10 5.45 1.17 0.50 0.03 2.85 2.42 57.43 46.95

Teaching Areas 1.79 0.10 4.17 0.23 0.50 0.03 0.19 - 3.84 2.45 5.96 0.33 Toilet 1.79 0.10 4.89 1.25 0.50 0.03 0.14 4.80 2.03 40.94 60.59

Workshop 0.14 0.02


of 54

3.8 Terminal Units in UK – Electricity Average Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2 The table shows the measured average and standard deviation annual energy use for all activity types for Terminal Unit sub-components shown in each column.

Table 11 – Terminal Unit sub-components in UK – Electricity Average and Standard Deviation Annual Energy Consumption - kWh/m2.

Fan

Co

ils –

2 o

r 4

tu

be

s

Activity Name AVG kWh/m2.a SD

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 11.17 0.61

Cellular Office Area 61.14 77.94

Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 11.17 0.61

IT: High Density IT Suite 93.14 86.08

IT: LAN Rooms 22.35 1.22

IT: Server Room 15.98

Laboratory 11.18 0.61

Lecture theatre 23.22

Meeting Room 10.11 1.89

Open Plan Office Area 11.61

Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms 11.17 0.61

Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 11.61

Storage Area/Cupboard 11.17 0.61

Teaching Areas 124.37 196.06

Toilet 11.17 0.61


of 54

4 Summary of measured electrical power demands by HVAC Component and sub-component type servicing a given activity

This section contains a table for each activity type for which we have data, summarising the range of electrical power demands found across all the HVAC component types monitored in iSERVcmb.

A summary of the measured average and standard deviation power demands by component and activity type is shown in Table 12. Values in brackets indicate the standard deviation found from this average. This data can be used to estimate the likely power demand to be to be incurred by the HVAC component while servicing this type of activity across UK. The more detailed tables that follow Table 12 also show the annual average, maximum and minimum power demands found for this equipment servicing the specific activity noted.

Zero figures are excluded from the minima i.e. the minima shows how little power might be drawn by energised equipment, and the average is also drawn only from those readings when the equipment is operational.

Table 12 – Benchmarks for measured Average and Standard Deviation Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component and Activity Type for UK

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

r

s

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

r

s

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Activity Name Sample

Size AVG

W/m2 SD

AVG W/m2

SD AVG

W/m2 SD

AVG W/m2

SD AVG

W/m2 SD

AVG W/m2

SD AVG

W/m2 SD

Assembly areas / halls 5 0.41 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 3.48 6.90 Catering: Eating/drinking area 8 2.85 3.61 0.65 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.06

Catering: Full Kitchen Preparing Hot Meals 5 12.49 7.46 5.16 3.13 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.37 0.13

Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink) 7 3.25 3.02 0.29 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.11

Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area 6 14.15 9.58 15.29 1.53 1.46 6.82 16.66 0.07 0.07 0.69 0.96 2.17 0.48

Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets 2 6.75 7.29 15.29 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.14 Catering: Vending Machines 2 6.75 7.29 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.14

Cellular Office Area 43 2.59 2.24 1.20 1.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.48 0.72 47.45 62.31

Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation 7 0.98 0.63 0.33 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.58 0.65

Circulation area (corridors and stairways) 48 1.01 0.71 1.34 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.50 0.72 2.18 0.48

Consulting/treatment room 4 1.18 1.37 0.70 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 IT: High Density IT Suite 20 6.62 4.22 17.55 33.96 27.14 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.10 6.06 9.49 11.76 9.53

IT: LAN Rooms 18 2.57 2.63 4.65 60.65 59.37 0.01 0.02 0.43 0.60 6.89 10.67 4.35 0.97

IT: Server Room 4 14.11 11.88 56.87 37.37 334.75 548.01 0.07 0.13 12.17 9.26 44.03 51.81 25.67

Laboratory 6 20.64 14.78 4.24 1.50 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.03 1.44 1.20 2.18 0.48

Laboratory with fume cupboards 3 19.99 0.00 2.39 0.73 0.57 0.48

Lecture theatre 4 4.98 4.08 0.62 0.50 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.96 1.37 3.67 Library - open stacks 2 0.44 0.10 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.41 2.21


of 54

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

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em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

r

s

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

r

s

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Library - stacks and storeroom 2 0.38 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.54 0.85

Lifts 32 0.82 0.51 0.49 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07

Light Plant Room 48 0.98 0.59 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.07 Lounges 7 3.02 4.19 1.00 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.10

Meeting Room 40 4.32 4.89 18.98 12.92 2.66 5.18 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.32 1.10 1.83 5.73 6.16

Open Plan Office Area 35 2.58 1.69 7.20 0.00 1.02 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.55 0.91 1.83

Reception 13 0.64 0.60 0.48 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.80

Recreational : Changing facilities with showers 2 2.76 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.08 Recreational : Fitness Studio 2 1.65 0.87 28.06 2.58 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.08

Recreational : Fitness Suite/Gym 1 1.04 28.06 2.30 1.39 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.08

Recreational : Sports ground changing rooms 5 12.09 11.91 39.32 0.01 0.01 0.42 0.61 2.16 0.47

Retail Warehouse Sales area - general 1 3.30 2.35 0.03 0.13 1.65 1.18 1.83

Small Shop Unit Sales area - general 2 0.13 0.02 Stage (theatres and event buildings) 1 0.09 2.49 0.77 0.15 0.13

Storage Area/Cupboard 28 1.51 1.47 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.48 0.74 2.17 0.48

Teaching Areas 4 2.47 1.18 0.41 0.22 0.04 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.49 0.44 17.08 25.82

Toilet 32 1.32 1.01 0.17 0.16 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.48 0.81 2.17 0.48

Waiting Rooms 3 1.60 1.76 0.90 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.07 Workshop 2 18.06 21.36 0.53 0.16 0.02 0.00


of 54

Figure 11 - Measured Overall Power Demand in W/m2 by HVAC Component type. Summary for UK

Figure 11 shows how the average power demand varies by HVAC component and activity served across the UK. It can be seen that the large majority of the power demand

HVAC component: activity type combinations are less than 20 W/m2 on average across the UK. Figure 11 is further broken down into individual HVAC components in

Figure 12 to Figure 21, where the activities are rank ordered by their measured average power demands.


of 54

The following figures present this data by individual component type .The activities for each component are rank ordered to clarify which activities were measured as demanding the largest average power demand when the component was operational.

Figure 12 - Air Handling Units - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

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Air Handling Units - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 13 - All-in-one systems - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

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All-in-one systems - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 14 - Cold Generators - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

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100

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180

200

IT:

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Cold Generators - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 15 - Dehumidification - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

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Dehumidification - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 16 - Heat Generators – Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

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rary

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om

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om

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Fac

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ail W

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ale

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it S

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it S

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it S

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ildin

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rage

Heat Generators- Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

39.28 peak value for pool


of 54

Figure 17 - Heat Pump - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14R

ecre

atio

nal

: C

han

gin

g fa

cilit

ies

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h…

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lula

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ora

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l Sh

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it S

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rary

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igh

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ite

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ith

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ice

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all S

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ge

Heat Pump - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 18 - Heat Recovery - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Cat

erin

g: E

atin

g/d

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ith

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ail W

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l War

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ctri

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ail W

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es

area

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eral

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l Sh

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it S

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l Sh

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l Sh

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it S

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Heat Recovery - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 19 - Heat Rejection - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

1

2

3

4

5

6C

ellu

lar

Off

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Are

a -

mu

ltip

le o

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pat

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er

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aW

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ou

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ing/

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ent

roo

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ircu

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l Sh

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it S

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gen

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IT:

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ner

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ith

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ll K

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ar w

ith

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e (t

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ly a

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ing

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dry

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rary

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Fac

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angi

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ail W

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it S

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pie

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ork

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p

Heat Rejection - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 20 - Pumps - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

5

10

15

20

25

30IT

: Se

rve

r R

oo

mLe

ctu

re t

hea

tre

IT:

Hig

h D

en

sity

IT S

uit

eIT

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Cat

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g: B

ars

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ail W

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eral

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gno

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ing

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es

area

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ssem

bly

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as /

hal

lsLa

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ry -

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rile

Dep

t St

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Sal

es a

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ner

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nt…

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l Sh

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op

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om

Bed

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ge

Pumps - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

Figure 21 - Terminal Units - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35C

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lar

Off

ice

Are

aLa

bo

rato

ryTo

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l Sh

op

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ing

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nal

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op

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Off

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Are

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l War

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e A

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iple

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g: S

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ith

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od

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/ h

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om

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ll K

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Pre

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ing

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t M

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Terminal Units - Average W/m2 by Activity Type served


of 54

The following tables shows the average, maximum and minimum power demands found from the data for specific activity types for the overall component type shown in each column.

4.1 Assembly areas / halls - Electricity power demand summary by component Table 13– Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Assembly areas / halls. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 0.41 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 3.48 6.90

Maximum 1.55 0.39 2.64 1.05 0.01 - 0.28 0.11 9.52 17.70

Minimum 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.10

Sample Size 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 5.00

4.2 Catering: Eating/drinking area – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 14 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Catering: Eating/drinking area. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 2.85 3.61 0.65 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.06

Maximum 10.95 17.31 5.10 4.16 0.01 0.00 0.24 0.33 0.23 0.20

Minimum 0.16 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Sample Size 8.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 13.00

4.3 Catering: Full Kitchen Preparing Hot Meals – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 15 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Catering: Full Kitchen Preparing Hot Meals. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 12.49 7.46 5.16 3.13 0.01 - 0.05 0.00 0.37 0.13 Maximum 20.99 14.95 21.39 7.13 0.01 - 0.10 - 0.57 0.38

Minimum 0.91 1.14 0.02 0.01 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.01 0.01

Sample Size 5.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 10.00


of 54

4.4 Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink) – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 16 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Catering: Kitchenette (small appliances, fridge and sink). Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 3.25 3.02 0.29 0.15 0.00 - 0.01 - 0.14 0.11 Maximum 6.22 5.11 1.25 0.55 0.00 - 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.18

Minimum 0.73 1.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.03 0.06

Sample Size 7.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 19.00

4.5 Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 17 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Catering: Limited Hot Food Preparation Area. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 14.15 9.58 15.29 1.53 1.46 6.82 16.66 0.07 0.07 0.69 0.96 2.17 14.15

Maximum 68.59 58.25 79.26 9.83 3.75 47.67 116.62 0.45 0.17 2.23 2.75 7.60 68.59

Minimum 0.74 1.00 0.95 0.15 0.30 2.51 6.14 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.09 0.23 0.74

Sample Size 5.00 1.00 4.00 6.00 4.00 17.00 2.00 5.00

4.6 Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 18 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Catering: Snack Bar with Chilled Cabinets. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 6.75 7.29 15.29 0.11 0.02 0.00 - 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.14

Maximum 35.11 37.65 79.27 3.70 1.48 0.02 - 0.52 0.21 0.71 0.75 Minimum 0.38 0.51 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sample Size 2.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00


of 54

4.7 Catering: Vending Machines – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 19 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Catering: Vending Machines. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 6.75 7.29 0.11 0.02 0.00 - 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.14 Maximum 35.10 37.65 3.69 1.48 0.02 0.00 0.51 0.20 0.71 0.75

Minimum 0.38 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sample Size 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00

4.8 Cellular Office Area – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 20 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Cellular Office Area. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 2.59 2.24 1.20 1.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.48 0.72 47.45 62.31

Maximum 6.06 4.03 6.52 4.43 0.04 0.07 0.20 0.21 1.46 2.27 736.77 1,104.19

Minimum 0.28 0.42 0.05 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.10 33.98 51.49

Sample Size 43.00 12.00 8.00 7.00 38.00 6.00

4.9 Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 21 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Cellular Office Area - multiple occupation. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 0.98 0.63 0.33 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.58 0.65

Maximum 7.28 5.81 10.83 4.33 0.01 0.00 0.36 0.14 2.51 2.81

Minimum 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01

Sample Size 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 5.00


of 54

4.10 Circulation area (corridors and stairways) – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 22 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Circulation area (corridors and stairways). Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 1.01 0.71 1.34 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.50 0.72 2.18 0.48

Maximum 3.04 3.83 6.50 2.49 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.12 1.32 2.13 7.62 4.04

Minimum 0.10 0.15 0.04 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.24 0.33

Sample Size 47.00 12.00 9.00 7.00 34.00 2.00

4.11 Consulting/treatment room – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 23 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Consulting/treatment room. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 1.18 1.37 0.70 0.41 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07

Maximum 2.25 2.58 2.88 0.96 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.16 0.08

Minimum 0.57 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.01 0.00

Sample Size 4.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 10.00

4.12 IT: High Density IT Suite – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 24 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for IT: High Density IT Suite. Average W/m2 and SD for component and activity (Standard Deviation).

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 6.62 4.22 17.55 33.96 27.14 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.10 6.06 9.49 11.76 9.53

Maximum 18.49 13.90 62.36 187.67 121.24 0.04 0.07 0.45 0.46 16.54 27.36 1,027.22 2,218.04

Minimum 0.48 0.59 2.29 1.43 4.63 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.74 1.37 2.24 1.65

Sample Size 19.00 1.00 13.00 8.00 7.00 33.00 5.00


of 54

4.13 IT: LAN Rooms – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 25 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for IT: LAN Rooms. Average W/m2 and SD for component and activity (Standard Deviation).

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 2.57 2.63 4.65 60.65 59.37 0.01 0.02 0.43 0.60 6.89 10.67 4.35 0.97

Maximum 10.86 14.85 5.07 334.69 255.50 0.04 0.07 2.68 2.71 23.16 33.26 15.24 8.10

Minimum 0.32 0.80 0.60 3.65 11.17 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.43 0.92 0.47 0.66

Sample Size 12.00 1.00 10.00 8.00 7.00 26.00 2.00

4.14 IT: Server Room – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 26 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for IT: Server Room. Average W/m2 and SD for component and activity (Standard Deviation).

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 14.11 11.88 56.87 37.37 334.75 548.01 0.07 0.13 12.17 9.26 44.03 51.81 25.67

Maximum 45.88 60.91 166.72 121.99 2,072.75 2,560.45 0.34 0.66 40.56 25.49 213.99 271.00 133.28

Minimum 6.54 11.32 3.98 7.22 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.25 0.00

Sample Size 3.00 7.00 3.00 4.00 7.00 9.00 1.00

4.15 Laboratory – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 27 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Laboratory. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 20.64 14.78 4.24 1.50 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.03 1.44 1.20 2.18 0.48

Maximum 39.07 19.63 17.10 9.87 0.15 0.08 0.45 0.24 4.09 4.62 7.62 4.04

Minimum 1.62 1.25 0.45 0.59 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.31 0.41 0.24 0.33

Sample Size 6.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 22.00 2.00


of 54

4.16 Laboratory with fume cupboards – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 28 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Laboratory with fume cupboards. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 19.99 - 2.39 0.73 0.57 0.48 Maximum 40.40 - 12.64 3.20 1.08 0.81 Minimum 1.75 - 0.01 0.01 0.19 0.27

Sample Size 2.00 2.00 10.00

4.17 Lecture theatre – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 29 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Lecture theatre. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Hea

t

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

U

nit

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 4.98 4.08 0.62 0.50 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.96 1.37 3.67 Maximum 10.91 8.87 2.24 1.02 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.26 2.32 3.67 9.53 Minimum 2.10 3.02 0.06 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.21 0.37 0.94

Sample Size 4.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 15.00 1.00

4.18 Library - open stacks – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 30 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Library - open stacks. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 0.44 0.10 0.12 0.02 0.00 - 0.02 0.00 1.41 2.21 Maximum 1.68 0.43 3.84 1.54 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.27 3.85 5.57 Minimum 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03

Sample Size 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00


of 54

4.19 Library - stacks and storeroom – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 31 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Library - stacks and storeroom. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 0.38 0.08 0.01 0.00 - 0.02 0.00 0.54 0.85 Maximum 2.03 2.52 1.01 0.01 - 0.68 0.27 1.48 2.14 Minimum 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Sample Size 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00

4.20 Lifts – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 32 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Lifts. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Hea

t

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 0.82 0.51 0.49 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 Maximum 1.91 1.31 1.99 0.67 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.16 0.08 Minimum 0.09 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.01 0.00

Sample Size 32.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 10.00

4.21 Light Plant Room – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 33 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Light Plant Room. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld G

en

era

tors

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2 SD Average W/m2 SD Average W/m2 SD Average W/m2 SD

Average 0.98 0.59 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.07 Maximum 2.58 2.02 0.29 0.20 0.06 0.06 0.24 0.13 Minimum 0.10 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Sample Size 47.00 12.00 7.00 6.00


of 54

4.22 Lounges – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 34 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Lounges. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 3.02 4.19 1.00 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.01 - 0.13 0.10 Maximum 6.12 6.74 4.52 1.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 - 0.22 0.16 Minimum 0.21 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.03 0.06

Sample Size 7.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 20.00

4.23 Meeting Room – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 35 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Meeting Rooms. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

All

in O

ne

Sys

tem

s

Co

ld G

en

era

tors

He

at G

en

era

tors

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 4.32 4.89 18.98 12.92 2.66 5.18 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.32 1.10 1.83 5.73 6.16

Maximum 14.59 25.17 60.17 28.85 14.13 26.63 0.18 0.42 0.89 1.61 4.82 9.28 27.28 34.17

Minimum 0.24 0.22 0.29 0.11 0.06 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.16 0.27

Sample Size 35.00 3.00 11.00 9.00 8.00 33.00 3.00

4.24 Open Plan Office Area – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 36 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Open Plan Office areas. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

All

in O

ne

Sys

tem

s

Co

ld G

en

era

tors

He

at G

en

era

tors

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 2.58 1.69 7.20 - 1.02 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.55 0.91 1.83

Maximum 7.23 5.63 35.72 - 6.28 4.67 0.02 0.03 0.19 0.22 1.61 2.66 4.76

Minimum 0.22 0.36 0.00 - 0.09 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.47

Sample Size 28.00 2.00 9.00 7.00 6.00 20.00 1.00


of 54

4.25 Reception – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 37 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Reception. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 0.64 0.60 0.48 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.80 Maximum 1.83 1.83 3.38 2.38 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.12 0.70 2.10 Minimum 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06

Sample Size 12.00 10.00 6.00 5.00 23.00

4.26 Recreational: Changing facilities with showers – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 38 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Recreational: Changing facilities with showers. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2 SD Average W/m2 SD Average W/m2 SD

Average 2.76 2.50 0.00 - 0.11 0.08 Maximum 6.89 7.71 0.01 - 0.18 0.09 Minimum 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sample Size 2.00 3.00 11.00

4.27 Recreational: Fitness Studio – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 39 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Recreational: Fitness Studio. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 1.65 0.87 28.06 2.58 1.35 0.00 - 0.01 - 0.10 0.08

Maximum 3.86 3.27 30.63 11.67 5.09 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.15 0.10

Minimum 0.06 0.03 3.62 0.01 0.01 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04

Sample Size 2.00 1.00 8.00 3.00 3.00 20.00


of 54

4.28 Recreational: Fitness Suite/Gym – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 40 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Recreational: Fitness Suite/Gym. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

He

at R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 1.04 28.06 2.30 1.39 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.08

Maximum 1.55 30.63 9.53 3.18 0.01 0.00 0.01 - 0.12 0.09

Minimum 0.08 3.62 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sample Size 1.00 1.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 10.00

4.29 Recreational: Sports ground changing rooms – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 41 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Recreational: Sports ground changing rooms. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

All

in O

ne

Syst

em

s

He

at

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 12.09 11.91 39.32 0.01 0.01 0.42 0.61 2.16 0.47

Maximum 55.89 70.04 42.93 0.04 0.04 1.22 1.78 7.56 3.97

Minimum 0.60 1.14 5.07 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.23 0.33

Sample Size 5.00 1.00 8.00 16.00 2.00

4.30 Retail Warehouse Sales area – general – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 42 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Retail Warehouse Sales area – general. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t G

ener

ato

rs

Hea

t

Re

ject

ion

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

U

nit

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 3.30 2.35 0.03 0.13 1.65 1.18 1.83 Maximum 8.57 6.12 0.09 0.33 4.30 3.06 4.76 Minimum 0.85 0.60 0.01 0.03 0.42 0.30 0.47

Sample Size 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 1.00


of 54

4.31 Small Shop Unit Sales area – general – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 43 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Small Shop Unit Sales area – general. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2 SD

Average 0.13 0.02 Maximum 0.34 0.08 Minimum 0.04 0.00

Sample Size 2.00

4.32 Stage (theatres and event buildings) – Electricity power demand summary by component

Table 44 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Stage (theatres and event buildings). Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2 SD Average W/m2 SD Average W/m2 SD

Average 0.09 2.49 0.77 0.15 0.13 Maximum 0.25 13.18 3.34 0.27 0.20 Minimum 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.08

Sample Size 1.00 2.00 10.00

4.33 Storage Area/Cupboard – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 45 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Storage Area/Cupboard. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 1.51 1.47 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.48 0.74 2.17 0.48 Maximum 5.39 6.45 0.58 0.41 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06 1.50 2.35 7.62 4.04 Minimum 0.12 0.23 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.24 0.33

Sample Size 27.00 12.00 8.00 7.00 35.00 2.00


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4.34 Teaching Areas – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 46 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Teaching Areas. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g

Un

its

Co

ld

Gen

erat

ors

Hea

t G

ener

ato

rs

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 2.47 1.18 0.41 0.22 0.04 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.49 0.44 17.08 25.82

Maximum 10.11 6.11 1.63 0.80 0.15 0.08 0.32 0.17 1.56 1.80 87.13 137.73

Minimum 0.20 0.35 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.10 1.48 2.17

Sample Size 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 18.00 3.00

4.35 Toilet – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 47 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Toilet. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Hea

t

Ge

ne

rato

rs

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Term

inal

Un

its

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 1.32 1.01 0.17 0.16 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.48 0.81 2.17 0.48

Maximum 3.57 4.76 0.88 0.68 0.05 0.07 0.19 0.19 1.47 2.39 7.62 4.04

Minimum 0.15 0.24 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.24 0.33

Sample Size 31.00 10.00 8.00 7.00 27.00 2.00

4.36 Waiting Rooms – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 48 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Waiting Rooms. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld G

ener

ato

rs

Hea

t G

ener

ato

rs

Hea

t R

eje

ctio

n

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 1.60 1.76 0.90 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.01 - 0.12 0.07 Maximum 3.11 3.23 3.69 1.23 0.01 - 0.01 0.00 0.16 0.08 Minimum 0.84 1.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

Sample Size 3.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 10.00


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4.37 Workshop – Electricity power demand summary by component Table 49 – Measured Overall Power Demands in W/m2 Summary by HVAC Component Type for Workshop. Average W/m2 and Standard Deviation

Air

Han

dlin

g U

nit

s

Co

ld G

ener

ato

rs

Pu

mp

s

Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD Average W/m2

SD

Average 18.06 21.36 0.53 0.16 0.02 0.00 Maximum 30.02 31.06 2.80 0.71 0.05 0.01 Minimum 1.27 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sample Size 2.00 2.00 3.00

5 References Knight I P – “Measured Energy Use and Power Demands in UKan HVAC Components”, CIBSE ASHRAE Technical Symposium, Dublin, Ireland, 3-4 April 2014.

Jomni Y, v. Deventer J and Delsing J – “Comparing heat measurement accuracy of a new adaptive algorithm with existing heat meters in accordance to the Swedish test standard”, 10th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, September 3 – 5, 2006.

iservcmb measured energy consumption data by hvac ... · intelligent energy uk project number:...

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