isa sheetisa sheet form 10-306 (oct. 1972) united states department of the interior national park...

ISA SHEETForm 10-306 (Oct. 1972)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESINVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES(Type all entries - complete applicable sections)

Montana

Big Horn

FOR NFS USE ONLYENTRY DATE

I'D B7£<

Old Ft. C.F. Smith and related sitesAND/OR HISTORIC: or j?ort c.F. Smith Historic District

STREET AND NUMBER:

One mile east of the town--tf£ Fort Smith, MontanaCITY OR TOWN: [£" f ,<L^*

Bighorn Canyon National RecreationCONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:

Area

MontanaCOUNTY:

30 Big Horn 003

CATEGORY (Check One)

OWNERSHIP STATUSACCESSIBLE

TO THE PUBLIC

District f~| Building

Site [~j Structure

n Object

n Public

Q Private

CD Both

Public Acquisition:

[~] In Process .'_ ? r

* [~1 Being Considered "

[ | Occupied

Ji | Unoccupied

f | Preservation work

in progress

Yes:

I | Restricted

CC Unrestricted

PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

| | Agricultural

| | Commercial

| | Educational

| | Entertainment

|_J Government

|~] Industrial

| | Military

| | Museum

I I Private Residence

[ | Religious .

[ | Scientific

., ,• ,xI | Transportatioti. x ''fiH .gdri

d Other (Specify).' *>\\$,^^" r*. •• \i v" .

National Park ServiceREGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (If applicable)

Rocky Mountain RegionCITY OR TOWN:

Denver

STREET AND NUMBER:

665 Parfet Street

Colorado 08

COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC:

Big Horn County CourthouseSTREET AND NUMBER:

CITY OR TOWN:

Hardin Montana 30

TITLE OF suRVEY^earss, E.G., Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, History Basic Data, Washington, 1970.

DATE OF SURVEY: Federal State I I County Local

DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: National Park Service, Office of _______ ___ ___Archeology and Historic Preservation,STREET AND NUMBER:

Interior Building, 18th & 19th Streets at Virginia Ave., NWCITY OR TOWN:

Washington B.C.CODE

uulu

CONDITION| | Excellent | | Good [~~| Fair

(Check One)

[~1 Altered [TJ Unaltered

CCAec/c One;

( 1 Deteriorated

c

JP Ruins [~1 Unexposed

(Check One)

] Moved jp Original Site

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL fit known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

None of the walls or structures are standing at this time. How ever, guided tours are assisted by drawings of what the fort / like at the time it was garrisoned* With the aid of these sketches, visitors are able, with a little assistance from Park Interpreters, to locate all walls and structures from the out lines of walls and foundations which can still be seen at this time, (copy of sketch attached)

The rujbs of the Bozeman trail can still be seen in the vicinity of the fort* Portions of the trail have beenfollowed all the way from Ft* Laramie to Virginia City.

The Ejoj|t_j^emjejijary is now grown over with grass and nothing re mains to mark the site although the location is pretty well known locally.

Stretches of the Old Wood Read can be seen from the fort site all thei way up^ the switchfeacks of the new Ok-A-Beh road and be yond toward the Big Horn Mountains.

The Lime Quarry is very evident and remains very much the same as 3/£~~was when limestone was last quarried there.

The Lime Kiln is just a heap of rubble but for those who arefamiliar with such structures - it leaves little doubt as towhat its functions were.

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PERIOD (Check One or More aa Appropriate)

[ | Pre-Columbian

n 15th Century

[~1 16th Century

Q] 17th Century

(~"| 18th Century

JP 19th Century

I—| 20th Century

SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known)

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More aa Appropriate)

Aboriginal

f~] Prehistoric

I | Historic

I | Agriculture

r~l Architecture

IZI Art

| | Commerce

| | Communications

| | Conservation

| | Education

| | Engineering

| | Industry

[ | Invention

| | Landscape

Architecture

I| Literature

d] Military

usic

Q Political

n Religion/Phi

losophy

[~~| Science

| | Sculpture

[ | Social/Human

itarian

Q Theater

I | Transportation

[~~1 Urban Planning

Q Other (Specify)

I-

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111UJ

•STATJf^RI OF SIGNIFICANCE,. ... « .. i 11 . . i . LIBy looO the expanding white frontier had begun to threaten the northern plains tribes and with the 60's came the first large scale warfare between the array and the most powerful northern tribe, the Sioux, and its allies, the Qheyenne and Arapaho.

Fort C.F. Smith, one of three forts built to guard the Bozeman Trail leading to the the newly established mining towns in south western Montana, was at the center sf this conflict.

The fort itself was never directly attacked. Im«t«ad, Red Cloud's warriors concentrated their assaults on supply trains patrols and work details outside the protection ©f the fort's walls.

Although the Indians failed to win any decisive victories along the Bozeman Trail, it became increasingly difficult for the army to protect itself, much less keep the entire trail qpen to civil ian traffic. Peace advocates in Washington prevailed and in 186? the forts and the trail they were meant to protect were abandon ed to Red Cloud's warriors who promptly burned the forts.Included with the Fort C.F. Smith nomination are the remains of a portion of the Bozeman Trail where it passed the fofct and crossed the Bighorn River.Likewise included is the site of the post cemetery. In 1892 the bodies and a stone monument were removed to Custer National Cemetery.

Also included are traces of the Wood Road which led from the fort to the Limestone Quarry and pineries that provided building material for the fort. In 1877 the quarry also provided material for Fort Custer and in 1879 the area was made a "Limestone Reser- vation" by the army. Where the Wood Road crosses Lime Kiln Creek lies the remains of a lime kiln which is also included in the nomination.

Fort C.F. Smith Bozeman Trail Wood Road, Quarry & Kiln Cemetery site

1st order of significance 1st order of significance 2nd order of significance 3rd order of significance

Bearss, E.G., Bighorn Canyon National RecreationBasic Data, Washington, 1970.

Area, History

David, Robert B., Finn Burnett, Frontiersman, Glendale, 1937.Lockhart, James D., Life and Adventures of a Drummer Boy,

Albany, 1893. Mattes. Merrill J. f indians. Infants and Infancy: Andrew and

Elizibeth Burt on the Frontier, Denver, I960.

ill

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES f DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY «•

FCORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds.. Degrees Minutes SecondsNW ii'5° 18- 23 $3 107° 5k' 58-") NE k'y 18 ' 26 *Vio7° 51*' 26- ( SE k '5° 18' 12 M5: 107° 5k' 26" / sw k& 18- 20^107° 5U- 5B"^I

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES | DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY

OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES

LATITUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds0 I ii

^.Fort C.F. Smith (see attached <1

LONGITUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds0 i ii

Area rawing)

APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: 3Q7 B.CTeS"k7 Ft. Smith* 260 QUarT^

1. U5° 17* 15 '* 107° 5>U' 50" 15APPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

2. U5° 17' 12" 107° 55 ' 01" 3. U5° 17 ! 38" 107° 55 f 37"lu U5° 18' 08" 107° 55 f U6" 5. U5° 18 • 12" 107° 55' 29"6. U5° 18' 11" 107° 55 1 27" 7. U5° 18 • 31" 107° 55 f 07" .8. U5° 18' 29" 107° 55 f 06" . 9. 45° J5 1 J)8" 107* tjfr&*&&>

COUNTY:

CCUNTY^

^ Lime Quarry Ar<puNT{:S ee attached

CIOUNTY:

NAME AND TITLE:

Virgil J. Olson Chief of InterpretationBUSINESS ADDRESS:

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation AreaSTREET AN*D "NUMBER: -'

Post 0^flo& Bo^t U58 _ :CITY OR TOWN: • '

Fort Smithl^^w^^m^miimp^^^^^^^p

-

State Liaison Officer recommendation:

O No /"! *yj sj /^^)/i /i

D None /jfyjry/ W C Jjfr/ArZState L iaiaorfoflicet Signature

In compliance with Executive Order 11593, I hereby nominate thi^ property, to ,the National Register, certify ing that the State Liaison Officer has been allowed 90 days in which to present the nomination to the State Re view Board and to evaluate Us significance. The recom mended level qf significance :is [~1 National f~~l Sta^ f~1 Local

Federal Representative Signature ? Date

^XM-^C^A^vJ^x ^£<AjCt^_4V^^^«*O3'^^*/V

STATE

Montana

CODE

CODE

eadrawing) CODE

CODE

DATE:

1/2U/75

PHONE:

(U06)666-2U12CODE

30

I hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register. *

Director, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation

Date ' ^Y I / £^>v /

ATTEST: .

/ c / -x

/) ̂ ./vAjKeeper of The National Register /'uu^n > uy , / ^ / _^ n«r«. iblibnxr

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^" F * .*". ""* * r 1 "_"* * ~ Tjr —. • a^ .1LAUDING . STRIP ^c

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travel Pit/

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3/5-?r/y^^

32«l -^

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V£ Mr

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A?75

5022

14~35§o7.

•*^3t>e—«i^Ji_.

21

3^94

Latitude 5-- NW Uf ° 18 ' -251

SJIP". NE iU|° 18» ^6«5Z SE U|° 18' ttWi SW UB° 18« 20»»«

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/:

T^fc_j—

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N\\ /__\^\s

T. jKS^nr1"2.^|f 17J~jr;1i^ 17 f 38«

HU5«?\ U« sU5° 18* 08 B.5. !U5° 18' 12»

^ 6. iU5° 18' 11"tyf 7. ; U5° 18' 31ttX^5 8. !U5° 18' 29 tt

9. \^° I? 1 08"

Longitude107° 5U 1 58"107° SU 1 26 W107° 5U» 26"107° £U» 58"

107° 55• 37 n107° 55' U6"107° 55« 29"107° 55' 27"107° 55' 07"107° 55' 06M107 • <|j ^«

5020

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^:/^FM 5017

(7/72)

No '10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)

||i: NAMEv .-.......' .-•..-.

STATE

MontanaCOUNTY

Big HornFOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBEFJC;-»<. DATE\ 9

..,-•-"

COMMON: Lime KilnAND/OR HISTORIC:

(fetOCATION ... ........STREET AND NUMBER:

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area,CITY OR TOWN:

Fort SmithSTATE: CODE COUNTY:

Montana OQ

._—-.—.

:. ...... ::..'..-::.. - . :.".'. '...

• x --"' A. ;y •'x Montari'arV REC^IVFf] \'-X

Sf «<e s tffgft————— i — \ —————————— 1 ;••••; . w— - -\ NAT|ri|\!A| CQ'DE/

Big Hopi>. RtG!?T.-f;> °Q3fif PHOTO REFERENCE : : - : ~" . :.>x> ::; : : ' .'- < " ^1

PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil <J . 0 1 S O tt v/ ,,,.,.-., vvj'y

DATE OF PHOTO: 7/26/73 ————— "^"^

« EGAT.VE FILED AT: RQ Bighorn Canyon NRA adm. bldg. neg. # 775

|H:jt3£NTIFICATiQr« ..'.... ' .11DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC.

Taken from a northeasterly direction. Very little remains to indicate this was a lime kiln. However, the general shape of the kiln can be seen and cleanings from the kiln can be identified near the site.

/¥*•fe US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-739-152/1446 ID - I

(7/72)

«/»

u

^o.'lO-SOla UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE


PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM

(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photogra}

STATE

Montana. COUNTY

' BighornFOR NPS USE 0|LY

t\ ENTRY NUMBER c^\' DATE

Vs •': : i : i : : : , :S

COMMON: Lime Quarry "L-—— _AND/OR HISTORIC: /^L\ \ \ °' / />\

It

m

STREET AND NUMBER: /<%>' J p'T' <\ /[" ! T \^"'^" ••"

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Mont'jt^a ''"-^tlvuU "C"\CITY OR TOWN:

Fort SmithSTATE: CODE COUN

Montana — ̂ ~«; i • • •?• ^m^^'x^m si* : • - ;PHOTO CREDIT: '/ J_ X" g, ju 1 J» OlSOH

DATE OF PHOTO: 7/26/73

,E G AT,VEP1L EDAT: HQ Bighorn CanyOn NRA adm .

• '- . '•:• • ;: X: " :;:.V : : : : : • : -'x ;: o : :::v:::: ::^:::^:::::::::::::::::^>:::::W:::::::::::::^^^

V ..- !. MATmNi/ii*" i-1" .-TY: T3-! ~ '•«i"«._ PCP iCT 1""!.? /.CODE

;: : ' : K: '- ;:;:;:: ::i: ^ ;-~ __ . __ „„„..--

bldg. neg. # 77USSSSSiSiSffiwaSS^SKliSiSiSi!^^

DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC. """ """-••- •----"' •"-- i""'ii .......nii!,»

Taken from a northeasterly direction. Because of its location at top of a hill - a more distant shot was necessary to show &l: the site in its entire aspect.

c?^ 6

UJ

•fa US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729-1 52/1446 ffi - I

Form No 10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE


PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM«/» (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)

Z 111O

H HiUD t£\-

ST *.tE.

MontanaCOUNTY

Big HornFOR NPS USE j$y.Y

ENTRY NUMBER^"^*" DATE

* - J>

mm : - ;VV.;:5 mi&^ • : ,i : .--- ;• ii; , B^liiiiiiisSBS:* : : -.:•-. : : .-.- ; :COMMON: Bozeman TrailAND/OR HISTORIC:

^^^^;.,^:.i;.};/Mi^^^^M^SM^^^^^SiM?^^^^^MSTREET AND NUMBER:

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area,CITY OR TOWN:

Fort SmithSTATE:

Montanarr

Ul

m BP*«/» IP™

CODE COUNTY:

~—, —— -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^K!.;3-o:-ii.:: ::

/AA>'' , ^ "-^\Moi^fea irtrrn/rn " ;o\

(^ ^/"^ ^\L""A A//S TI/^K, '^^ I ^ o D E

30 Big ^n/?£fi;^.L .A:,.803

PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil J. OlSOn ^^ / 7Y"~-— — fp^ X/*7 / O £ / *7 O ^^. //' 1 » *\^^

DATE OF PHOTO: / / C. O/ ( J ^--i—J —— —

MEGATIVE FILED AT: HQ Bighorn Canyon NRA adm. bldg. neg. # 772

DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC.

Taken from an easterly direction showing faint outline of old trail rut^i The trail is somewhat clearer in other locations but due to the proximity of these to Old Fort C.F. Smith - they seem to be the most logical for interpretation. ,•*-)/(3v"

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973- 729-1 527 144 6 HI - I

(7/72)lo 10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE JCTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

IB


PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)

COMMON: Fort C. F. SmithAND/,-:- HISTORIC:i£%&: - : «-v..,:;:.-. : :, - :: v sijimi9iil^î9iimifimimi^9ÛSiisiimMf. : .•.;:,

STATE

MontanaCOUNTY

Big HornFOR NPS USE 0£JLY

ENTRY NUMBEg *^* DATE

^MS:^^Mi^^limSMii^;î^-;S!mmî9

\;Mii^£m£M§®Miiii^^^îiM.STREET AND NUMBER: /' "C'j/ p. "^ p-i '~^/\

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Montatf^' fli ^\LCEiVEO \^\CITY OR TOWN:

Fort Smith fr/ nu ^ -J 1975 \^\

STATE: lur^ .»*..,„„ .CODE COUNTY: 11X^4. NATIONAL C^pWMontana , 3Q Big Har^ REGISTER ^^~!p!U£:';3^-S

PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil tj. UlSOn

DATE OF PHOTO: 7/26/73

^5^»?^^^^p^§»iâ^^^^^^;;p<^1/ 7"/7[f\ ^^^————

^ EGAT1VE FILEDAT: Headquarters-Bighorn fianyon NRA adm. bldg. neg. 771

DESCRIBE VIEW.plRECTJON.ETC. . , ,. ,. _o ±. -L. j. JPicture taken from an easterly direction of the east corner of the fort. Low dark-coloBBddmound to left center is remaining foundation of one of the three enlisted men's barracks. Mound to right center is remains of quartermaster building. Faint out line in center foreground is remains of gaurdhouse/blockhouse*

.. H-V\(Q•& U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1973-729-152/1446 HI - I

*4'- :.

T*.,

Form No. 10-301a (7/72)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

i/»


PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM

(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)

[IPSI^igg^

STATE

Montana

Big HornFOR NPSIISEONLY

Old Fort C. £'. Smifii Cemetery

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QL

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STREET AND NUMBER:

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Mon/tMianAiT

y\\ r~ \ITY OR TOWN:

Fort Smith 1975 \-

MontanaJfi.

Big

PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil J. ulSOH

DATE OF PHOTO:

, EGAT.VE FILED AT:RQ Canyon JJRA adm . bldg. n S g. # 773

DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. '""" ' """-•-"-'• '' "

Taken from a southwesterly direction. Actual: location of the cemetery is pretty well known locally although the site is grown over to grasses and natural vegetation.

•fr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729- 1 52/ 1 446 HI - I

Form No 10-30Ia UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE


PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM»/> (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograpZ pp :•*•;.•:•:;• '^mmm^mm^^mmmîms^mm^w^m^^^^x^^^^mmimi^^m. : :O

. |p*.r- |iss;?.

U

H

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111 IT-

COMMON: Old Wood RoadAND/CP HISTORIC:

f*f" : " :

STATE

MontanaCOUNTY

Big HornFOR NPS USE 0$kY

,. ENTRY NUMBERS^ 1 DATEh) ———————————————— «jr^ ——— | —————————

-.. .-..

miimmmmsmmmmsmHmM^^Sim^::.::: •: tTiWSttSBS: •''•':?*: .J> ^SSJSSS*

STREET AND NUMBER: /'\''%sx Jk ""C/xX

Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Montana.Cv p r -^v.icn Xv\CITY OR TOWN:

Fort SmithSTATE: CODE COUN

Montana 20r-iMfc '.'-•'"••. : -: '-~./: :.. : v'.rslSi^^^^^^^Wf^^^^^K^^^^^^^PHOTO CREDIT: VXTgil J » OlSOH

•7 /<^ A /*7 D DATE OF PHOTO: ( / £O/ (J|

MEGATIVE FILED AT: gQ Bighorn Canyon NRA adm.

îii&iSM&^î^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC.

Taken from a southeasterly direction, from Old, Fort C.F. Smith all the wayBighorn Canyon boundary and continues mountains.

f:5 ÛG 5 1975 £rv- 'C*-!^ .-. L~ IT. i •* "• i ____ ^_ ^ t \ '.CODE

Big Hoi?.g\ N^ iL',V.T J :Q03co^liilPsSiiBpK : V;: i i : i^ '. : • : : : "V:"'- : : ' :.' : SSSslliil^l

s- /sv>- _ --<"\Cix^^J_iii3-^'

bldg. neg. # 776

This road can be traced to where it leaves the up the Big Horn

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•fcU-S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729-152/144610-1

isa sheetisa sheet form 10-306 (oct. 1972) united states department of the interior national park...

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