is volume - energy.gov...dcn 91.02 correction of well location for low alluvial thickness dcn 91.03...

(I) ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual No.: 5-21000-OPS-GT EMD OPERATING Procedure No.: Table of Contents, Rev 12

Effective Date: 12 /23 /9 1 Organization: Environmental Management

PROCEDURES MANUAL Page: 1 of 3

THIS IS ONE VOLUME OF A SIX VOLUME SET WHICH INCLUDES:

VOLUME I: FIELD OPERATIONS (FO) mis is @O VOLUME 11: GROUNDWATER (GW)

This is a WEB Stamp TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOR VOLUME 111: GEOTECHNICAL

Proc. - No.

0 GT.01

T i t le

Logging Alluvial and Bedrock Material

DCN 91.01 Recording lithologic descriptions and securing core boxes

DCN 91.02 Clarification of log approval for multi-use wells

GT.02 Drilling and Sampling Using Hollow Stem Auger Techniques

DCN 91.01 Unconsolidated core samples need not be peeled before sampling

DCN 91.02 Correction of well location for low Alluvial thickness

DCN 91.03 Ten foot long core barrels

GT.03 Isolating Bedrock from Alluvium with Grouted Surface Casing

DCN 91.01 Superseded by DCN 91.03

DCN 91.02 Grout procedure clarification

DCN 91.03 0 Change in criteria for cement grouting

R e v . !!!A

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12/03/91

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11/15/91

08/30/91

10/02/91

10/28/91

1211 2/91

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ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual No.: 5 -21 000-OPS-GT EMD OPERATING Procedure No.: Table of Contents, Rev 12

Effectlve Date: 1212319 1 Organlzatlon: Environmental Management

PROCEDURES MANUAL Page: 2 of 3

Proc. !!b

DCN 91.04

DCN 91.05

GT.04

DCN 91.01

DCN 91.02

DCN 91.03

DCN 91.04

GT.05

DCN 91.01

GT.06

DCN 91.01

DCN 91.02

DCN 91.03

DCN 91.04

DCN 91.05

DCN 91.06

DCN 91.07

DCN 91.08

0 DCN 91.09

Title

Depth of casing emplacement

Addition of Grout Ports

Rotary Drilling and Rock Coring

Core barrel decontamination

Clarification of measuring tape decontamination requirements ,

Superseded by DCN 91.04

Clarification of the use of super gel-x

Plugging and Abandonment of Boreholes

Surface casing classification

Monitoring Wells and Piezometer Installation

Industry Standard is 1 foot into Bedrock

For the Sitewide Program, Claystone Smearing does not seem to be a problem


Low Alluvial thickness wells


Change in filter pack guidance

Decontamination for site-wide geological chracterization

Figure replacement (GT.6-1)

Sampling with center bit drilling

Rev. Ef fect ive I No.

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1 012219 1

1 0/29/9 1

12/03/91

1211 7/91

08/30/9 1

10/22/91

08/30/9 1

1011 5/91

10115/91

1 1 /08/91

11/06/91

11/06/91

1 1 /08/9 1

11/15/91

11/15/91

1 210319 1

@ ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual No.: 5-21 000-OPS-GT EMD OPERATING Procedure No.: Table of Contents, Rev 12 PROCEDURES MANUAL Page: 3 of 3

Effective Date: 12 /23 /91 Organ lzatlon: Environmental Management

Proc. NsL

GT.07

GT.08

DCN 91.01

Tit le Rev. Effect l ve - No. Date

Logging and Sampling of Test Pits and Trenches 1

Surface Soil Sampling 1

Clarification supplementation of GT.08 - Surface Soil Sampling

GT.09 Soil Gas Sampling and Field Analysis

GT.10 Borehole Clearing

GT.11

GT. 15

DCN 91.01

GT.17

GT.18

GT. 19

GT.20

GT.21

Plugging and Abandonment of Wells

Geophysical Borehole Logging

No Hole will be left Unlogged at the end of the day

Land Surveying

Surface Geophysical Surveys

Field Gas Chromatographs

Procedures for Soil Interstitial Water Sampling and Sampler Installation

Cone Penetrometer Testing

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08/30/91

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08/30/91

08/30/91

08/30/91

1 211 919 1

CONE PENETROMETER TESTING

EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-21000-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT21, Rev. 0

Page: 1 of 13 Effective Date: December 20,1991

Category 2 Organization: Environmental Management

TITLE: CONE PENETROMETER TESTING

1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.0 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4.1 SOURCE REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.2 INTERNAL REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5.0 TESTING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5.2 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.3 CPTPROBEANDRIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.4 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.5 CALIBRATION AND CHECKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

6.0 DECONTAMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.0 DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE GT.21-1 TYPICAL DATA FROM THE CONE PENETROMETER . . . . . . . . . . . 5 FIGURE GT.21-2 ELECTRIC CONE PENETROMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7


EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5 -2 1000-0 PS EMD MANUAL, OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT.21, Rev. 0



2.0

3.0

4.0

4.1

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This standard operating procedure (SOP) describes procedures that will be used at the Rocky

Flats Plant (RFP) to conduct cone penetrometer testing (CPT). This SOP describes personnel

responsibilities and qualifications, testing equipment and procedures, and documentation

requirements.

RESPONSIBILITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS

All personnel performing these proccdurcs are rcquired to have the appropriatc health and

safety training as specified in the site-specific Health and Safety Plan. In addition, all personnel

are required to have a complete understanding of the procedures described within this SOP and

receive specific training regarding these procedures before CPT begins.

Personnel performing CPT must be highly trained individuals who understand the test

characteristics and geology in which they are testing. Field managers will have had previous

Geld experience performing CPT.

REFERENCES

SOURCE REFERENCES

The following is a list of references reviewed prior to the writing of this procedure:

A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Met hods. EPA/S40/P-87/001. December 1987.

Guidelines For Cone Penetration Test. U. S. Department of Transportation. July 1978.


EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.:

Page: Effective Date.

Category 2 Organization:

5-2 1000-OPS GT21, Rev. 0

3 of 13 December 20,1991

Environmental Management

4.2

5.0

5.1

Meigh, A. C. Cone Penetration Testing (Methods and Interpretation) . Construction Industry

Research and Information Association (CIRLA). 1987.

Penetration TestinP. Institution of Civil Engineers. 1989.

Robertson, P. K. and Campanella, R. G. Guidelines For Use & Internretation of the Electric

Cone Penetration Test. Hogentogler & Company, Inc. Septembcr 1984.

INTERNAL REFERENCES

Related SOPS cross-referenced by this SOP are as follows:

0 SOP F0.3, General Equipment Decontamination

SOP F0.4, Heavy Equipment Decontamination.

SOP F0.15, Photoionization Detectors (PIDs) and Flame Ionization Detectors

0

0

(FIDs) 0 SOP GT.17, Land Surveying

0 SOP GT.22, In-Situ Sampling with BAT System

TESTING PROCEDURES

GENERAL

CPT provides a way to rapidly measure soil parameters such as bearing, friction, and pore

pressure (if a piezometric CPT is used). Electric cone penetrometers have built-in sensors

(usually strain gauges) at the tip and sides (sleeve) of the probe that measure penetration

resistance and side friction of soils. Typically, tip penetration resistance and sleeve friction are

different for clayey soils when compared to granular soils. This makes CPT useful for



Page: Effective Date:


5-21000-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0



identifying sands and gravels versus clays and silts. See Figure GT.21-1 for an example of a

CPT log. Four important uses of the CPT data are:

. To identify soils and evaluate subsurface soil profiles

To interpolate subsurface conditions between control boreholes

To evaluate soil parameters (Le., shear strength, etc.)

0

.

. To measure soil moisture content

A special rig is used to hydraulically push the CPT tool into the subsurface. Segments of rod

are added as the probe is advanced at a constant rate of 0.6-1.0 inches (1.5-2.5 cm) per second.

Continuous measurements of the penetration tip resistance and sleeve friction are recorded.

These data are transferred through an electrical cable, connected to the CPT probe, to a

computerized data acquisition system in the rig. Typically, data is recorded at approximately

every 0.4-0.8 inches (1-2 cm) of penetration. The collected data can then be interpreted to

provide information on the engineering characterization of the subsurface soils.

CPT may not be succcssful in soil that contains cobbles, boulders, rock, or other debris. These

materials may damage the cone penetrometer (CP) probe or make it impossible for it to

penetrate into the material. Sites will be evaluated for these conditions before testing begins to

determine if CPT is appropriate. In addition, many projects require conventional borings to

supplement CPT.

The following sections give details on equipment and procedures for CPT along with

documentation requirements. During CPT, thc appropriate personal protective equipment

(PPE) as specified in the site-specific Health and Safety Plan will be worn at all times.

5 -2 1000-0 PS GT21, Rev. 0



Pressure Computed from Water Table

FIGURE GT.21-1 TYPICAL DATA FROM THE CONE PENETROMETER

FROM: Applied Research Associates, Inc.

(401 I - s W o o W s o o ) ( C E ~ Z l ) ( 12/18/91)





5-21OOO-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0



5.2 EQUIPMENT

The following is a list of equipment that will be needed for cone penetrometer testing:

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Rig equipped for CPT

CPT rods

CPT electric probe

High-pressure stcamer/sprayer

Long-handled bristle brushes

Wash and rinse tubs

Phosphate-free lab-gradc detergent (c.g., Liquinox)

Distilled water

Plastic sheeting

Sample locations (map and/or list)

Appropriate health and safety equipment

Log book

5 3 CPT PROBE AND RIG

The CPT probe is composed of a 1.4 inch-1.8 inch (3.6 cm-4.6 cm) diameter probe with a

conical point. Most CP probes are 1.4 inches (3.6 cm) in diameter. Typically, electric cone

penetrometers have strain gauges that measure penetration resistance and side friction of soils.

The continuous data from the strain gauges is transferred electronically through a cable,

connected to the probe, to a computerized data acquisition system in the CPT rig. See Figure

GT.21-2 for a schematic diagram of an electric CP.

e (401 I ~ ~ ) ( G ~ . 2 1 ) ( 1 2 / 1 8 / 9 1 )

a

Electric Cone Penetrometer 5-21000-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0

7of 13 December 20,1991

Environmental Management -Electric Cable

+Push Rod

+Friction Reducer

Porous Element (Optioi

H 1.4 - 1.8 in.

(3.6 - 4.6 cm)

Figure GT.2 1-2 (401 1-800-0052-900)(Figure GT.21-2)(12/18/91)

nal)

NOT TO SCALE





5-2 1000-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0



A friction reducer or coupling is usually placed approximately 1.0 ft-3.3 ft (30 cm-100 cm)

behind the cone tip (see Figure GT.21-2). The purpose of the friction reducer is to increase the

hole diameter in order to reduce soil contact against the cone rods. This makes the CP easier

to push into the subsurface. Typically, a 2-inch long steel tube is welded (and chamfered to

30") over the cone rod as a friction reducer.

CPT rods used to hydraulically push the CPT probe into the subsurface are made of high-tensile

steel with special tapered threads. They are usually 1.4 in (3.6 cm) outside diameter and 0.6

inches (1.6 cm) inside diameter. A.standard push rod is 3.3 ft (1 m) in length. Rods smaller in

diameter than the cone base may be used, but there must be a minimum length of 39 inches (1

m) of rod immediately above the cone that is the same diameter as the cone (see Figure GT.21-

1).

Rigs outfitted with a hydraulic jacking system are utilized to push the cone penetrometer into

the subsurface. The rigs are usually specially built, but an anchored drill rig or trailer-mounted

setup can also be used. There are light, medium, and heavy rigs depending on the thrust

required. This SOP addresses CPT with medium and heavy rigs. The CPT rigs are often

mounted in heavy duty trucks that are ballasted to a total dead weight of approximately 15

metric tons (150 kN). Screw anchors arc then utilized to develop the extra reaction to reach the

maximum thrust of approximately 20 metric tons (200 kN), if needed. The rigs are usually

separated into push and data acquisition workspaces.

5.4 PROCEDURE

Before testing, sites will be located, numbered, and identified using stakes (or spray paint on

paved surfaces). Refer to SOP GT.17, Land Surveying, for more information regarding site

location procedures.

(401 l - s O O ~ ) ( G E ~ C H . 2 1 ) ( 1 2 / 1 B / 9 l )


EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-21000-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT.21, Rev. 0



After test sites have been located, an exclusion zone will be established according to the project

Health and Safety Plan, and the CPT rig will be set up. The procedure for conducting CPT at a

specific location is as follows:

1. Decontaminate the rig and downhole equipment. See SOP F0.3, General

Equipment Decontamination, and SOP F0.4, Heavy Equipment

Decontamination for specific details regarding decontamination.

2. Set up the rig to obtain a thrust direction as close to vertical as possible. The

maximum acceptable deviation from vertical is 2%.

3. Advance the CPT probe and add CPT rods connected hand-tight as the probe

advances. The electrical cable used to transfer data to the surface will be

continuous, and it will be prethreaded through the push rods before the test

begins.

4. Monitor the breathing zone of the CPT rig for volatile organic compounds

(VOCs) during testing. See SOP F0.15, Photoionization Detectors (PIDs) and

Flame Ionization Detectors (FIDs), for more information regarding the use of

monitoring instruments.

5. Check the computer data acquisition system bcfore CPT begins and also during

testing to ensure that it is working properly.

6. Advance the hole at a continuous rate of 0.6-1.0 inches (1.5-2.5 cm) per second

to the desired depth.

(4011-eocMooawo)(GEUIECH.21)(12/18/91) I





5-2 1OOO-OPS GT.21, Rev. 0



7. Record the appropriate readings/measurements at every 0.4-0.8 inches (1-2 cm)

of penetration using the computer data acquisition system (Note: readings

should be taken at regular intervals, and the interval between readings shall

never exceed 7.9 inches or 20 cm).

8. Review and evaluate field plot(s) of tip/slccve resistance Lo cnsurc data quality.

9. When the test is complete, pull the CPT out of thc subsurface. I f the rig is

equipped for it, the hole will be grouted from the bottom as the rods are

withdrawn.

10. If the rig is not equipped to grout up the hole, screen the opcn hole for volatile

organic compounds (VOCs) after the CP has been pulled out of the ground.

See SOP F0.15 for more information regarding the use of monitoring

equipment.

11. Grout the hole up if it has not already bcen complctcd by t h c rig. PVC pipe

may be used if the hole did not collapse. I f the hole collapsed, hollow CPT

rods and a sacrificial tip will be used. Thc PVC pipe or CPT rods will be

pushed to the bottom of the hole. Grout will then be pumped to the bottom of

the hole as the CPT rods or PVC pipe arc withdrawn.

If CPT testing is used at landfill sites or other sites where heavy debris (Le., concrete, wood,

etc.) may be present, special care will be taken. Readings will be monitored closely as the CP is

pushed into the ground in order to recognize debris. If dcbris is encountcred, the CP will be

pulled out of the ground, and the hole will be grouted up. The CP system will then be offset

(See Section 5.5 for minimum offset distances), and a new site will be tested. This procedure

will be repeated until the desired depth is reached.

( 4 0 1 1 - ~ ) ( G E o T E C H 2 1 ) ( 12/18/91)


EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-2 1OOO-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT.21, Rev. 0



If lubricants are required for down-hole equipment, only pure vegetable oil will be used. If gas

and/or liquid samples are to be taken, the sampling procedures will be carried out according to

SOP GT.22, In Situ Sampling With BAT System.

The thrust used for CPT testing is approximately 10-20 metric tons (100 kN-200 kN). In soft

soils, however, a thrust as low as 2 metric tons (20 kN) may be sufficient. The test rods may

buckle if a thrust of greater than 20 metric tons (200 kN) is applied. Generally, in most

uncemented soils, a thrust capacity of 10 metric tons (100 kN) will handlc more than 90% of

CPT to 98 feet (30 m) depth.

5.5 CALIBRATION AND CHECKS

The CPT probe will be checked before a test begins and between test holes to ensure that its

dimensions and surface roughness are within acceptable limits. The test system will also be

calibrated as needed, and the calibration will be documented. Specifically, the load cells will be

calibrated according to manufacturer specifications and industry standards at least every three

months.

Before performing CPT, the straightncss of the push rods will be checked. The bottom five

push rods will be particularly checked by rotating them to see if they wobble. I f a wobble is

noticeable, the push rod(s) will not be used.

CPT will not be performed within 3.3 fl (1 m) of an existing CPT sitc. In addition. CPT will not be performed within 10 ft (3 m) of an uncased or unfilled borehole.

( 4 0 l l s o o o o W ~ ) ( G E ~ l i . Z l ) ( l Z / 18/91) ~


EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-2 1OOO-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT21, Rev. 0



6.0 DECONTAMINATION

All equipment including the rig, probe, rods, etc. will be decontaminated before arrival at thc

work site. Between test holes, all down-hole equipment will be decontaminated.

Decontaminated equipment will be placed on new plastic or racks until it is used. CPT rigs will

be decontaminated when moved out of a work area or when they become unusually dirty as a

result of site or testing conditions, at the discretion of the site or project manager. Scc SOP

F0.3, General Equipment Dccontarnination, and SOP F0.4, Heavy Equipment

Decontamination, for specific details regarding decontamination.

7.0 DOCUMENTATION

All information required by this SOP will be documented on the Cone Penetrometer Testing

Form (Form GT.2lA) and/or the CPT log. The Cone Penetrometer Testing Form will be filled

out for each day of testing at a given location and, in situations where more than one test hole is

completed per day per rig, at least one form will bc completed per test hole. The Cone

Penetrometer Testing Form will include the following information and have space for comments

and documentation of general observations:

Project name and number

Date

Site location/idcnti~cation and coordinates

Weather

Testing company and personnel

Equipment descriptions (i-c., rig, probes, etc.)

Environmental monitoring results

Grouting details

End-of-day status (i.e., partially complete, complete, etc.)


EG&G ROCKY FLATS PLANT Manual: 5-21000-OPS EMD MANUAL OPERATION SOP Procedure No.: GT21, Rev. 0



e Comments/observations ~

Any additional comments and/or observations will be recorded with black permanent ink in a

bound log book with consecutively numbered pages.

All final CPT logs should have headers. At a minimum, the header should include the following

information:

e Project name and’ number

e Site location/identiGcation

e Elevation and depth rcferencc

Testing company and operator

e Equipment information

e Total depth

e Date

I , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ROCKY FLATS PLANT FORM GT3W

CONE PENETROMETER TESTING FORM

Project Number: Date:

Project Name:

Site Location/Identifrcation:

Coordinates: North (Y) East (X)

Weat her Conditions:

Testing Company:

Testing Team Leader:

Testing Team Member:

Testing Team Member:

Rig Type:

Cone Type and Size:

Total Depth:

Grouting Details:

End-of-Day Status:

HIGHEST ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING RESULTS

Organic Vapors: Valuc Units lnslrumcnl Urcd

Comments:

Completed By:

Contractor:

Print Name Date Signature

(401 l-~)(GEoTECH21)(12/18/91)

is volume - energy.gov...dcn 91.02 correction of well location for low alluvial thickness dcn 91.03...

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