is it possible to retrofit and build to passivhaus … pdfs/presentations...c bere:architects 2012...

bere:architects73 Poets RoadLondon N5 2SHT +44(0)20 7359 4503www.bere.co.uk

CIH Manchester 2012 Ideas Exchange, Wed 13th June, 10.00 -10.45 Sustainability Theatre

Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably?

Justin Bere of twitter: @jbere & @bere:architects | www.bere.co.uk

PRESENTATION INCLUDES CONTENT FUNDED BY THE TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY BOARD’S BUILDING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAMME http://goo.gl/ny5vG

Is it possible to retrofit and build to Passivhaus standards affordably? c b

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Hotel Post Bezau - Kaufmann Zimmerei

Mayville Community Centre - Before Refurb

Camden Passivhaus - Bere Architects

Mayville Community Centre - During Refurb

Lime House - Bere Architects

Mayville Community Centre - After Refurb

Affordable Passivhaus ConstructionLearning lessons from advanced European timber construction

Affordable Passivhaus RetrofitCase study of Mayville Community Centre, London


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Hotel Post Bezau - Kaufmann Zimmerei

Low CostLow CarbonLocally GrownGreat for the Local EconomyGreat for the EnvironmentPerfect for Low Energy BuildingReduced Imports for Long Term Security

Affordable Passivhaus ConstructionLearning lessons from advanced European timber construction


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Fast, Efficient, Cost Saving Techniques

300mm solid wood studs, screwed and glued - standard practice in Austrian factoriesHigh quality wood grown specifically for the demands of the Austrian construction industryUntreated wood - healthy to work with and live in - and easily re-used in the future

Factory of Kaufmann Zimmerei, Reuthe

Notice how the factory is beautifully designed by a leading Austrian passivhaus architect, with plentiful natural daylight and made from untreated wood in beautiful, natural colours, with soft fibre-lined walls for acoustics. It speaks of a love of craftsmanship. The company has been owned by the same family for three generations and is led first and foremost by craftsmen.


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Camden Passivhaus - knowledge transfer of advanced techniques

Camden Passivhaus - Austrian Knowledge Transfer

2008-9 Matthias Kaufmann of Kaufmann Zimmerei worked for 18 months full time in our London design office.

Timber frame designed, manufactured and installed without a knowledge gap, teaching us advanced timber framing techniques.


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140mm thin nailed timber stud walls being produced at Holbrook, Brigend, 2009

Exploring Welsh Manufacturing Techniques

In 2009 we needed a Welsh manufacturer to build our Building Research Establishment’s 2009 competition-winning design for the Welsh Passivhaus.

Rob McLeod, Nick Tune (BRE) introduced us to Holbrook. They mainly produce 140mm thick stud walls for Premier Inns. We need to transform typical UK manufacturing techniques from 140mm nailed panels to the largest possible sections, glued and screwed with s/s screws.

Welsh prototype, completed summer 2010

Notice the difference from the Kaufmann factory: artificial lighting, steel-framed building, metal sheeting, metal shelving, green chemically treated wood. We need a transformation of wood construction philosophy in the UK! We need to move from a primarily business-led industry, to an unambiguosly craftsman-led industry.


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Larch House Passivhaus wall build-up using Austrian timber frame techniques adapted to smaller UK material dimensions.* The unusally large levels of insulation (eg 425mm in the walls) was a precautionary requirement of the brief from BRE Wales, which required us to use 10 year worst case weather data, a requirement subsequently explained by the Passivhaus Institute as being unecessary and adding undue pressures upon the build-cost of the project.

Adapting Welsh Manufacturing Techniques

The largest reasonably easily obtained Welsh softwood studs are 225mm wide. Using a core of 215mm Welsh timber studs, we were able to build up to the full Passivhaus requirements* However, 3 layers of construction inevitably adds cost compared to Austrian two-layers!

Larch House, completed 2010

1. 225mm untreated softwood stud wall with OSB board (inside face), Panelvent (outside face), containing mineral wool insulation.

2. Vapour control membrane3. 100mm services zone containing wood fibre

insulation4. ‘Eco-joists’ with pressed metal flanges5. Outer layer of 100mm wood fibre insulation

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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale

Reducing the Cost of Construction

Timber framing can deliver a complete Passivhaus frame and roof for £17,000+vat (excluding supply of windows, but including the cost of installing windows & doors).


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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale

Reducing the Cost of Construction

Timber framing can deliver a complete Passivhaus frame and roof for £17,000+vat (excluding supply of windows, but including the cost of installing windows & doors).

...a chance for low cost, community-self-build?(2 bed super low-energy passivhaus for under £100,00)


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Choose site

Lime House Construction ProcessAssisted self-build cost breakdown analysis Assumes that things a self builder can do are not costed

Running total £0The Ebbw Vale site


Running total £0


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Lay insulation

-480mm Styrofoam-Edge insulation

£4,775

£4,368£407

(Material supplied)

Installing the ground slab insulationRunning total £6,064



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Pour concrete slab

-DPM and tanking-Mesh reinforcement-U bars & splice-Shuttering to slab-225mm thick concrete slab-Thermalite blockwork-Service ducts

£2,646

£276£496£205£168£935£167£400

(Material supplied)

Constructing the concrete slabRunning total £8,711



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Timber frame constructed £17,662 (Fully installed)

Installing the prefabricated timber frame wallsRunning total £26,379



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Complete superstructure

-Roof covering-Stairs-External insulation-Internal insulation-Internal walls-External render*(larch cladding additional)

£17,797

£4,806£448

£5,963£2,033£2,209£2,338

(Material supplied)

Installing the exterior finishesRunning total £44,170



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Windows & ext. doors fitted £8,828 (Fully installed)

Sealing the airtight layerRunning total £52,997



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Apply finishes

-Wall finishes-Floor finishes-Ceiling finishes-Internal doors

£8,493

£4,061£2,672

£949£812

(Material supplied)

Completed stairwellRunning total £61,490



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Plumbing fitted

-Subcontractor’s fee including plumbing, sanitaryware and solar hot water heating

£7,450 (Fully installed)

Solar hot water tank and small boilerRunning total £68,940



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M&E fitted

-Ventilation-Electrical installation-Grid connection

£15,627

£8,372£6,485

£770

(Fully installed)

Heat recovery ventilation systemRunning total £84,567



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Fit kitchens and bathrooms

-Kitchen units and eco bin-Bathroom cabinet, mirror and other fittings

(sanitaryware already included in plumbing package)

£1,172

£1,000£172

(Materials supplied)

Bathroom fit-outRunning total £85,739



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Site preparedInsulation laidConcrete slab pouredTimber frame constructedSuperstructure completedWindows fittedFinishes appliedPlumbing installedM&E fittedKitchens & bathrooms

£1,289£4,775£2,646

£17,662£17,797£8,827£8,493£7,450

£15,627£1,172

(Materials supplied)(Materials supplied)(Materials supplied)(Fully installed)(Materials supplied)(Fully installed)(Materials supplied)(Fully installed)(Fully installed)(Materials supplied)

Overall breakdown

*Excludes prelims and design fees. Labour to be provided by self builder.

Completed timber claddingTotal Price £85,739*



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South elevation before refurbishment

Before refurbishment:

– Metal framed, single glazed, draughty windows – Un-insulated asbestos roof – Depressing appearance externally and internally

Affordable Passivhaus RetrofitCase study of Mayville Community Centre, London


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Gigantic gas boiler and un-insulated tank

Mayville Community Centre


– Difficult to achieve comfortable conditions in winter. Office spaces were hot in winter, while main hall was often too cold for sedentary activities, particularly for the elderly

– Specific heat demand 581kWh/m2/yr

if 21oC winter temps maintained

(but 272 kWh/m2/yr in reality)

– Energy bills over £10,000 a year for an organisation with turnover of £60,000 a year


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The main hall before refurbishment



– Gloomy, depressing spaces – Echo made hearing or engaging in conversation difficult - particularly for the elderly

– Bad layout and shortage of space


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Passivhaus building techniques:1. Basement wall insulation 2. Ground floor wall insulation3. Thermal bridge free design4. Roof membrane detailing5. Window tape training6. Windows in line of insulation

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3 4 5 6


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The refurbished Mayville Community Centre South Facade


The UK’s first fully certified non-domestic passivhaus refurbishment


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The main hall after refurbishment



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Mayville Community Centre - Performance

Comparison between total energy use design estimate and actual use – The first Winter’s operational performance is even better than the PHPP design prediction. – The building used less energy than designed each month apart from December where the building thermostat was accidentally turned up very high over the Christmas holiday.

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Nov‐11

Dec‐11

Jan‐12

Feb‐12

Electricity consumption (kWh)

Mayville Community Centre ‐comparison between PHPP and preliminary monitored data‐November 2011 ‐ February 2012 (building is all‐electric, heating via GSHP)

PHPP monthly electricity estimate




Total metered electricity consumption/month ‐2012




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Mayville Community Centre - Investment & Return(Comparison between passivhaus & minimum standard)

STEP (1): finding & comparing design energy consumption for each option(a) Headline list of changes in accordance with Building Regs Part L and ventilation rates(b) Four different PHPP documents were created (PH with gas boiler, PH GSHP, PH with GSHP & PV)

(c) Old energy bills (before refurb) were also analysed

Building Regulation U-Values were taken from Building Regulation Part LB: Conservation of Fuel and Power in Existing Buildings other than Dwellings, Passivhaus Figures were taken from PHPP calculations as used during construction of the building.

U-Values (W/m2K) Building Regs (as in Part L)

Building Regs (as in PHPP)

Passivhaus(as in PHPP)

Existing Elements: Existing Walls (External insulation) 0.30 0.28-0.30 0.12Basement slab 0.25 0.26 0.26Ground slab 0.25 0.24 0.13Sloping Roof (insulation at after level) 0.18 0.18 0.11

New elements: Windows 2.20 1.24-2.09 0.8-1.0Roof lights 2.20 1.55-1.84 1.06Velux openable rooflights 3.50 1.84 1.45Huge-usage entrance doors 3.50 Wall to single storey extention 0.28 0.27 0.11Flat Roof (with integrated insulation) 0.18 0.18 0.13

Air permeability 10.0 m3/hm2 at 50 Pa

10.0 m3/hm2 at 50 Pa

0.93 m3/hm2 at 50 Pa

Changes to PHPP:

U-Values:

1. Lower ground wall Insulation Styrofoam floormate A = 0 (100) Insulation Styrofoam perimate = 90 (100)

3. Basement Slab Insulation Kingspan TF70 = 75 (75)

4. Ground Slab Foamglass T4+ = (300)

5. North Elevation External wall GF Insulation Permarock EPS = 90 (290)

6. South Elevation External wall 290mm insulation Insulation Permarock EPS = 100 (290)

7. West Elevation External wall 290mm insulation Insulation Permarock EPS = 100 (290)

8. West Elevation External wall 320mm insulation Insulation Permarock EPS = 100 (320)

ENERGY Electricity Electricity Electricity Contribution PV

OTHER OTHER Initaial investment OTHER HEAT PUMP

usedOTHER

usedHEAT PUMP contribution

HEAT PUMP used

OTHER used

HEAT PUMP contribution

SOLAR contribution PV

Total Energy demand, kWh/a 28979 189197 25820 48855 25835 13821 4051 26015 -8605 3664 25881 -7784 -1342 -14400ENERGY TOTAL, kWh/a 218176 74675 39656 30066 -8605 29545 15145

GAS Cost per unit £0.0877 £0.0000 £0.0298 £0.0877 £0.0000 £0.0298 £0.0877 £0.0000 £0.0298 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877 £0.0877Energy priced, kWh 28979 0 189197 25820 0 48855 25835 0 13821 4051 26015 -8605 3664 25881 -7784 -1342 -14400Energy cost £2,541 £0 £5,646 £2,264 £0 £1,458 £2,266 £0 £412 £355 £2,282 -£755 £321 £2,270 -£683 -£118 -£1,263Standard charge £87 £265 £87 £265 £87 £265 £87 £87

£2,628 £5,911 £2,351 £1,723 £2,353 £677 £2,678COST TOTAL, £ £0 £1,415

CO2CO2 GEMIS 3.0, kg/kWh 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.43CO2 level 19706 17558 17568 -5852 -5293 -913 -6192

-6206CO2 TOTAL

ENERGY Assamptions

COST assamptions

GAS cost £0.0000 0 35.2 Electricity Demand Household Appliances 23468.14£0.0298 above 665 CO2 15958.33

Standard charge per day £0.7261 365 265.0265 23408 Cost 2058.155

ELECTRICITY cost £0.0877Standard charge per day £0.2379 365 86.8335

Feed in tarriff >10 - 50kW £0.3290>4-10kW £0.3780

≤4 kW retrofit £0.4330

2010 Building Regs* + gas boiler

with gas boiler

*using Part L Approved Document U-Value and Ventilation requirements

without PV and solar thermals

0.253455

£3,030

PH + gas boiler

with gas boilerwithout PV and solar thermals

Data taken from PHPP

with PV* and solar thermals*using existing building data. Calculations include XXKwp solar PV system

PH + heat pump + PV + solar heating

with heat pump

PH + heat pump

with heat pumpwithout PV and solar thermals

Space heating supplied by heat pump and solar thermalsSpace heating is supplied by gas boiler only

Electricity costs are calculated using the British Gas Business tariffs for 2012. Total costs don't take into account fixed costs.

Energy contribution by renewable sources account for energy saved not alternative energy produced, like in case of PVs

Data taken from PHPP Data taken from PHPPElectricity supplied by grid onlyElectricity supplied by grid only Electricity supplied by grid and PV panels

0.680.68

Electricity supplied by grid only

Space heating supplied by heat pump only

20445

20445

Before refurbishment

with gas boiler without PV and solar thermals

Space heating only

ELECTRICITY ContributionELECTRICITYGAS

Space heating only

GAS GAS

Space heating only

£2,724

Data taken from PHPP

Space heating and cooking is supplied by gas boiler onlyElectricity supplied by grid only

£4,074£8,539

21023 13899

20091

Data taken from annual set of bills for

0.25

2977167005

472990.25

Space heating is supplied by gas boiler only

12214

(a)

(b)


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STEP (2): finding the Cost of an otherwise identical Min. Standard community centreTake detailed Bills of Quantities (As Built) and convert to Building Regs spec, item by item

Mildmay Community Partnership Tenderer: Tenderer: Tenderer: Tenderer:Alteration and Improvements to Community Centre

Mayville Community Centre, Woodville Road, London N16 8NA

BILLS OF QUANTITIES Date: 09-Mar-10 Date: 09-Mar-10 Date: 09-Mar-10 Date: 09-Mar-10

£ £ £ £

Option 4 - BuildingRegulations with a 43.2kW

gas boiler, additionalradiators excluding Heat

Pump, Solar Thermal andPV installations

Option 1 - Buxton BuildingContractors Contract Sum -

Passivhaus with Heat Pump,Solar Thermal and PV

Installations

Option 3 - As Option 1 butwith a 8.4kW Gas Boiler andexcluding Heat Pump, SolarThermal and PV Installations

Option 2 - As Option 1 withHeat Pump Installation but

excluding Solar Thermal andPV Installations

847.74457 overall size 1100 x 2708; reference W117H 1 nr 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25 2,525.25

A11 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 628.20 628.20-1,052.47

458 overall size 2751 x 890; reference W117E; added since quotation 1 nr 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25 2,408.25A12 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 599.09 599.09-

654.66459 overall size 2470 x 1180; reference W107F, W108F, W109F, W110F 5 nr 1,908.08 9,540.40 1,908.08 9,540.40 1,908.08 9,540.40 1,908.08 9,540.40

A13 Reduction for double glazed windows (5) nr 474.67 2,373.34-

22,072.14 22,072.14 22,072.14 16,581.31

Windows and window frames, obscured glazing; tilt and turn openingmechanism

902.95460 overall size 1250 x 1180; reference W106E,W111E 2 nr 1,331.85 2,663.70 1,331.85 2,663.70 1,331.85 2,663.70 1,331.85 2,663.70

A14 Reduction for double glazed windows (2) nr 331.32 662.64-Screens, borrowed lights and frames, clear glazing; fixed lights

763.92461 overall size 3572 x 2434; pair of glazed doors each overall size 900 x

2325; reference D005D, D006D, D007D3 nr 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10

A15 Reduction for double glazed windows (3) nr 1,652.24 4,956.72-739.90

462 overall size 3572 x 2513; pair of glazed doors each overall size 900 x2404; reference DB01G, DB02G, DB03G

3 nr 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10 6,641.70 19,925.10


463 overall size 4247 x 2434; pair of glazed doors each overall size 900 x2325; reference D003C

1 nr 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35


464 overall size 4387 x 2434; pair of glazed doors each overall size 950 x2281; reference D001A

1 nr 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35 4,315.35

A18 Reduction for double glazed windows (1) nr 1,073.52 1,073.52-External Metal Louvres; hidden fixings; Hella Sonnen-undWetterschutztechnik GmbH, external venetian blinds AH80; aluminium andstainless steel components; electric operation; fixed to steel supports(measured elsewhere); all as specification clause L10:655

External Window Louvres

465 to suit window size 1250 wide x 1180 high (W106E and W111E) 2 nr 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00 190.00 380.00

466 to suit window size 2470 wide x 1180 high (W003B, W107F, W108F,W109F and W110F)

5 nr 255.00 1,275.00 255.00 1,275.00 255.00 1,275.00 255.00 1,275.00

467 to suit window size 3357 wide x 914 high (W003B) 1 nr 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00 281.00

External Door Louvres

468 to suit door size 1122 wide x 2380 high (D004B) 1 nr 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00 222.00

469 to suit doors and screens size 3572 wide x 2380 high (D005D, D006Dand D007D)

3 nr 419.00 1,257.00 419.00 1,257.00 419.00 1,257.00 419.00 1,257.00

470 to suit doors and screens size 3572 wide x 2528 high (DB01G, DB02Gand DB03G)

3 nr 436.00 1,308.00 436.00 1,308.00 436.00 1,308.00 436.00 1,308.00

55,867.60 55,867.60 55,867.60 43,144.48

471 to suit doors and screens size 6828 wide x 2380 high (D003C) 1 nr 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00

L20 - DOORS / SHUTTERS / HATCHES

Doors and frames; Bayer; as quotation dated 21 September 2009; premiumwood windows, triple glazed, inner and outer panes toughened glass;Passivhaus standard; stainless steel lockable handles; as drawings nos.0300.B1.G32.D01 and D02; sealing frames to internal air tightness/vapourcontrol membrane and external breather membrane with Illbruck sealingtape; as specification clause L10:815; pre-formed aluminium window sills,fixing with glue and silicone to plywood cill lining (plywood cill includedelsewhere), as specification clause L10:230; as specification clause L10:215to 225

Doors and frames, clear glazing; fixed lights

472 overall size 1168 x 2434; glazed door overall size 995 x 2325; referenceD002B, D004B

2 nr 2,529.15 5,058.30 2,529.15 5,058.30 2,529.15 5,058.30 2,529.15 5,058.30

A16 Reduction for double glazed doors (2) nr 599.54 1,199.09-473 overall size 998 x 2437; glazed door overall size 920 x 2284; reference

D009F1 nr 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47 1,229.47

A16 Reduction for double glazed doors (1) nr 512.91 512.91-474 overall size 1135 x 2549; glazed door overall size 1057 x 2401; reference

D008H1 nr 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57 4,150.57

A16 Reduction for double glazed doors (1) nr 610.13 610.13-

100318PricedBQs1R1 Analysis/10 Print Date: 09/03/2012; Time: 13:00


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STEP (3): Graph comparing Annual Energy Consumption derived from step (1)

(Buildings de-signed to UK min. standard building regs tend to con-sume considerably more than they are designed to con-sume) (Passivhaus design assumes very comfortable 21oC maintained

throughout winter months, with perfect air quality and humidity)

(The building was cold in Winter, in spite of high energy use)


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STEP (4): Graph comparing Annual CO2 emissions derived from step (1)

(Buildings designed to UK min. standard building regs tend to consume con-siderably more than they are designed to consume)

(Passivhaus design assumes very comfortable 21oC maintained throughout winter months, with perfect air quality and humidity)

(The building was cold in Winter, in spite of high CO2 emissions)


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STEP (5): Graph showing the extra investment cost of PH derived from step (2)Percentage difference investment to achieve passivhaus standard*The additional investment was found to be just 3% without renewables or 8% with renewables


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STEP (5): Graph showing the extra investment cost of PH derived from step (2)Percentage difference investment to achieve passivhaus standard*The additional investment was found to be just 3% without renewables or 8% with renewables

THANK YOU Justin Bere twitter: @jbere & @bere:architects web & blog: www.bere.co.uk

More tomorrow...

How the UK’s first in-depth Passivhaus monitoring results are beginning to change the UK housing industry

10.00 – 10.45am Sustainability Theatre

is it possible to retrofit and build to passivhaus … pdfs/presentations...c bere:architects 2012...

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