is disaster man made
TRANSCRIPT
“ Is Disaster Man Made?”
Are we ready for Urban Disaster Management?
–A case study in Kolkata
Tapas Kumar Ghatak , Geophysicist
• Understanding the process of mapping with reference to types and categories of Disaster.
• Understanding the Preparation and evaluation of Vulnerability and Risk maps of Disaster Prone areas. Few case Studies
• Knowledge of primary and secondary data /information base and Exposure to Soft Ware application.
• “Although the incidence of major natural disasters has not increased, their effects are becoming more severe in the Third World because of the growing numbers of people and structures located in hazard-prone areas. Millions of people in these expanding urban populations are potential victims of disasters of cataclysmic proportions, and even the political and economic stability of many nations in Africa, Asia and Latin America can be threatened.”
Spencer W Havlick
News keep on Flowing.........• UN report: 22 M people displaced by natural disasters in
2013• In Uttarkashi, life’s still not back on track• AMRI hospital fire in Kolkata: Two Kerala nurses save 8
patients but die in trying to rescue 9th
• Fire erupts at Chatterjee International Centre in Kolkata.• Kolkata remained waterlogged following heavy rainfall
since Thursday night in the city and other southern West Bengal districts.
• And So many.......................
KolkataPhilippines
And We Wait for the Next news...
How Much We actually know about my City
And
How Much we actually Bother to know
TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF DISASTER
AND THE PROCESS OF MAPPING
FLOOD PRONE AREAS.... INDIA
CYCLONE PRONE AREAS.....INDIA
HOT-POT ... INDIAN DISASTER
Acknowledgement
• Geological Survey of India.• KMDA• NATMO• SWID• KMC• Dept of Fire, Govt of WB• UNICEF• WORLD BANK
1792
1817
1852
Early 20th Century
We were and We are
proud what we had
Urban Area
Rural Area
Vacant Area
Vegetation
Agricultural Field
Predominat Wetlands (East
Kolkata)
Land Use Pattern Analysis (KMA)
Year 1980 – 86 ( 1527 sq.km.) Year 2005 (1722 sq.km.)
Urban Area Rural Area Wetlands Vegetation Agricultural Field Vacant Land
Year 2014 (1900 sq.km.)
Maximum Decline
KalyaniBanshberia
Uluberia
Howrah
Barasat
Barrackpore
Kolkata
Baruipur
Kalya
ni
Barrackpore
Barasat
Kolkata
Maheshtala
Baruipur
Piezometric Depression: KMC area
7m - 10m
Figure 12
HIGHEST RISK AREA
HIGH RISK AREA
MODERATE RISK AREA
Kmc Ward Wise Risk Areas
Name of Catchment Basin Area of Catchment new (Sq. Km)
Total Population (As per census 2001)
Howrah Drainage Channel 118 1626615
Rajapur Drainage Channel 68.21 327241
Borajala Drainage Channel 55.8 216646•Dankuni Drainage Channel 210 1239548
Bagher Khal 92.48 401,952
Nawi Khal 114 2304613
Beliaghata Khal and Bangur Cut 220 4223266
•Kaorapukur Khal Charial Khal and Boat Canal 176 2,046,894
•Tolly's Nala 16 583847•Panchammgram Cannel 46.13 926281
Details of Drainage Basin of Kolkata Metropolitan Area
LAND FORM MAP OF
KOLKATA METROPOLITAN AREA
Dankuni Drainage channel
Panchannagram Drainage Channel
Tally Nala
Kaorapukur, Charial Khal and Boat Canal
Shrinkage of Drainage basins
Type/Year Habitat Land
Wet land Agriculture Land
1922 30% 17% 53%
2004 70% 10% 12%
Increase in habitat Land more than 100% since 1947
A SPECIFIC CASE STUDY OF DISASTER IN MY CITY :
FIRE
INITIAL AGENDA
•SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION RELATED TO FIRE•PUT THEM INTO A COMUPERISED FORMAT•ATTACHED THEM IN A COMPUTERSID DIGITISED MAP OF KMC THROUGH A GIS FORMAT.• ZONING OF FIRE PRONE AREAS.•IDENTIFICATION OF SHORTEST ROUTE FROM THE FIRE STATION TO THE FIRE PRONE ZONE.• ON LINE TRAINING OF FIRE SERVICE PERSONNAL
STEPS TAKEN• FORMATION OF A WORKING GROUP FROM
THE RELEVANT AGENCIES.• COLLECTION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
DATA.• EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT • DEMONSTRATION TO MINISTERS AND
SENIOR OFFICIALS• MODIFICATION OF THE SYSTEM AS AND
WHEN REQUIRED
FUTURE AGENDA• TRAINING AND EXPOSURE OF MORE PERSONNEL
FROM FIRE SERVICE.• INCORPORATION OF LOGICAL ANALYSIS IN THE
SYSTEM FOR ROUTE OPTIMIZATION• INTRODUCTION OF GPS IN THE FIRE VEHICLE .• INCORPORATION OF MORE INFORMATION IN THE
SYSTEM.• HANDING OVER THE SYSTEM TO THE FIRE SERVICE
DEPARTMENT
GIS WORK AT THE CENTRAL BUSINESS
DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC
KMC
24 WARDS OF KMC UNDER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE
KALI KRISHNA TAGORE STREET
A.P.C
.ROY
ROA
D
A.J.C
.BOS
E RO
AD
A.J.C.BOSE ROAD
H O
O G
H L
Y R
I V
E R
NORTH
BOUNDARY OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC AREA
KHID
DERP
ORE R
OAD
PARK STREET
GIS WORK OF THE KMC WARDS
DATA FIELD USED INCOMPUTERISATION
ROADFIRE STATIONMARKETBIG FIREHIGH RISE BUILDING HYDRANT BIG DIA TUBEWELL PUBLIC/CINEMA HALL BUSTEE WATER BODIES INFLAMABLE UNIT HERITAGE BUILDINGSTRANSFORMER
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
TOTAL NO. OF ROADS
BELOW 2M
2M TO 4M
4M TO 6M
6M TO 8M
8M TO 12M
MORE THAN12M
BAR SHOWING NO. OF ROADS WITH DIFFERENT WIDTH IN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC AREA
0500
10001500200025003000350040004500
TOTAL NO. OF ROADS
BELOW 2M
2M TO 4M
4M TO 6M
6M TO 8M
8M TO 12M
MORE THAN12M
BAR SHOWING NO. OF ROADS WITH DIFFERENT WIDTH IN KOLKATA MUNICIPAL AREA
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR ROAD DATABASE
• STREET NAME• CARRIAGE WAY WIDTH• LEFT PARKING• RIGHT PARKING• NET CARRIAGE WAY WIDTH• ROAD TYPE• LEFT FOOTPATH• RIGHT FOOTPATH• WARD NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR BIG DIA TUBEWELLS DATABASE• SIZE OF DIAMETER (in mm.)• NAME OF THE LOCATION• OWNED BY• PREMISES No.• ROAD NAME• WARD NO.
• PREMISES No.• NAME OF THE BUILDING• ROAD NAME• WARD NO.• HEIGHT (in Meter)• AREA (Sq.m.)• BOROUGH No.• USER GROUP
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS DATABASE
• NAME OF THE FIRE STATION• PREMISES No.• ADDRESS• WARD NO.• PUMP• MORNING FACILITIES
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR FIRE SERVICE STATIONS DATABASE
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR MARKET COMPLEX DATABASE
• PREMISES No.• ROAD NAME• WARD NO.• ADDRESS• OWNED BY
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR PUBLIC/CINEMA HALL DATABASE
• NAME OF THE HALL• PREMISES No.• ADDRESS• OWNED BY• HALL TYPE• PHONE NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR UNDER GROUND WATER DATABASE• ADDRESS• CAPACITY IN GALLONS• SOURCE TYPE• FILTERED WATER• CONDITION
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR DATABASE OF WATER BODIES IN CMC
• PREMISES NO.• STREET NAME• LOCATION• WARD NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR BIG FIRE DATABASEADDRESS
• PREMISES No.• WARD No.• DATE• TIME
TOTAL APPLIANCE FOAM CO2 TENDERMOTOR PUMP FOAM CANNON WATER BOWSER FOAM CANNON CARRIER WATER CARRIER EMERGENCY TENDERJEEP MOTOR PUMP TOWING VEHICLE TRAILER PUMP UTILITY VEHICLETURN TABLE LADDER HOSE LAYING UNIT CRASH TENDERHYDRAULIC PLATFORMPORTABLE PUMPAIR FIELD CRASH TENDERFOAM TENDER
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR DATABASE OF BUSTEE PREMISES NO. STREET NAME LOCATION PREMISES STATUS BOROUGH NO. WARD NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR HERITAGE BUILDING NAME
• PREMISES No.• ROAD NAME• WARD No.• LOCATION
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR IMPORTANT PLACENAME
• PREMISES No.• ROAD NAME• WARD No.• PREMISES STATUS
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR INFLAMABLE UNITSNAME
• PREMISES No.• ROAD NAME• WARD No.• NIC CODE• ITEM DESCRIPTION• STORAGE QUANTITY• UNITS
THANTHANIA KALIBARI
DETECTION OF VULNERABLE WARDS OF
KMC WITH GIS
HYDRANT
BIG FIREFIRE SERVICE STATION
LALBAZAR F.S
C.R.AVE . F.S.
C.R.
AVEN
UE
M.G.ROAD
AVAILABLE CARRIAGE WIDTH LESS THAN EQUALS TO 4 Mtr.
STRAND BANK ROAD
ROADS LESS THAN EQUALS TO 4Mtr. IN THE WARD No. 22 & 23 IN THE CBD ZONE OF KMC
HYDRANTS BIG FIRE
NET CARRIAGE WAY LESS THAN EQUALS TO 4 Mtr.
DEFUNC HYDRANTS
NET CARRIAGE WAY LESS THAN EQUALS TO 4 Mtr.
NET CARRIAGE WAY MORE THAN EQUALS TO 5 Mtr.
We have identified• The Risk Proneness of the area in relation to
fire and graded them accordingly.• The shortest route for the fire service to reach
the respective risk zone • The fire fighting factors of the respective zone
What Next?The need of the future could be
• To Train up a group of Fire service officials in handling and operation of the generated system
• Put the system in use for their daily use. • Enable the department to support the system by
themselves and • Generate confidence to tackle the situation more
effectively as the required information will be available with them readily.
The Similar analysis has been done in other sectors too, but
The Question Remains :
“Are we ready for Urban Disaster Management ?
If not How long should we wait ?”
