is 425
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IS 425. Enterprise Information I LECTURE 2 Autumn 2004-2005. Agenda. Homework Individual Paper Assignment Review Value Chain Review Information Organizing Mechanisms Architecture versus Infrastructure Information Architecture Model and Types Information Needs with Others - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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IS 425
Enterprise Information ILECTURE 2
Autumn 2004-2005
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Agenda Homework Individual Paper Assignment Review Value Chain Review Information Organizing Mechanisms Architecture versus Infrastructure Information Architecture Model and Types Information Needs with Others Information Systems & People Supported Organizational Structures Information Needs Within Next week
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Homework
What are the top HOT TOPICS? Form teams Each team justifies their list of the 3 top HOT
TOPICS using facts/information What facts are more persuasive?
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Individual Paper Assignment
Due Week 5 An IS Competency Analysis Specifications & Grading Criteria
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Value Chain review
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Review Information Organizing Mechanisms The Fundamentals
DATA = elementary descriptions or FACTS INFORMATION = DATA + meaning KNOWLEDGE = INFORMATION + CONTEXT
where context conveys understanding, experience, accumulated learning and experience
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Information Technology Challenges
Regulated
Monopoly
Organization Productivity/ Efficiency
Free Market Individual
Individual/Group Efficiency
Collaborative
Enterprise and Industry Integration
Value Creation
Era I
Era II
Era III
Administrative Framework
Primary Target
Justification/ Purpose
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Application Challenges
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Integrating Changing Technology Platforms
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Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued
Information System Types By Functional Area
Accounting Information System Finance Information System Marketing Information System
By Organizational Structure Departmental Information System Enterprise Information System Inter-Organizational Information System
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Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued
System Support Provided toTransaction Processing System (TPS)
Repetitive, mission-critical activities & clerical staff
Management Information System (MIS)
Functional activities and managers
Office Automation System (OAS) Office workers
Decision Support System (DSS) Decision making by managers & analysts
Executive Information System (EIS) Executives
Group Support System (GSS) People working in groups
Intelligent Support Systems Knowledge workers & others
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Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued
Interrelated Support Systems – The TPS collects info thatis used to build the MIS and EIS. Info from other sources also
goes into the EIS
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Turning our attention to
Architecture/infrastructure
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Architecture versus Infrastructure Information Architecture:
High level map or plan of the information requirements in an organization.
To conceptualize the information requirements of the core business of the organization, including how the requirements are to be met.
Information Infrastructure: Consist of the physical facilities, services, and
management that support all computing resources in an organization.
How specific computers, networks, databases, and other facilities are arranged and how they are connected, operated, and managed.
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Architecture versus Infrastructure Architecture = “A plan of the information requirements
in an organization” A guide for current operations A blueprint for future directions
Infrastructure = the realization of the architecture consisting of 5 components: Computer hardware General-purpose software Networks and communication facilities Databases Information management personnel What is not a component?
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Schematic View of Infrastructure & Applications
Inside matrix includes the specific applications & s/w types
Outside ring is the infrastructure
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An Information Architecture Model
Between centralized and decentralized whereBusiness/Data/Communications central base with decentralized strategic/managerial/operational applications.
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General Types of Information Architecture
Mainframe environment One computer with dumb terminals
PC environment Only PCs connected by networks
Networked (distributed) Environment 2 or more computers linked Client/Server is dominant
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Information Needs with Others Business Pressures create pressures on Organizations Organizations respond to pressures with IT supported activities
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Information Needs with Others These pressures from market, technology and society demand
responses from organizations. These pressures either alone or with one another can impact an organization’s value chain’s viability.
The major business pressures
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Information Needs with OthersThese 5 organizational components maintain an equilibrium until
business pressures force a realignment of the 5 for a response.
Framework for organizational and societal impacts of information
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Information Needs with OthersCritical Response Activities-5 major groups--Strategic Systems
gives advantage over competitionvery rarely lasts
--Continuous Improvements
--Business Alliances
--ECommerce
--BPRbusiness process reengineering
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Information Systems & People Supported
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Organizational Structures
Organizations – By Function where people are grouped
around the resources they commonly use Most small and mid-sized firms
By Divisions where large organizations are subdivided into smaller functional units Most large firms
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Information Needs Within
When organized around functions (traditional organization form), each function maintains its own information leading to each function having its own information systems
Information that must be shared is “shipped” from one function to the next“following the ‘paper’ trail”
Early legacy systems automated the existing information flows between functions
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Information Needs Within Later, the need to update various functions with the same facts
led to: A common database Decentralized processing simultaneously at several
locations A process orientation from the functional orientation, i.e.,
reorienting people’s work to the accomplishing outcomes Streamlining work so it always is rationalized in terms of
outcomes Can Build a unique system
That is a BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING (BPR) Or Can Buy a system
That is an ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)
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Next Week
Software Methods/Software Development
Security Issues
Homework – Readings from course home page