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है”ह”ह

IS 15543 (2005): Selection of prime movers for trailers -Guidelines [TED 22: Transport Tractors and Trailers]

IS 15543:2005

Indian Standard

SELECTION OF PRIME MOVERS FORTRAILERS — GUIDELINES

ICS 43.080.10

CJ BIS 2005

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

January 2005 Price Group 2

. .. .

Transport Tractors, Trailers and Industrial Trucks Sectional Committee, TED 22

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the TransportTractors, Trailers and Industrial Trucks Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport EngineeringDivision Council.

The prime mover, that is, tractor is selected primarily on the basis of total draw bar pull requirements.

In this standard S1 units have been used, the unit of force in Newton (N), of ‘iyre load in kilogram (kg) and ofpressure in pascal (Pa). Their relationships are given below for information:

1 kgf = 9.80665 N (exactly)

= 9.81 N (approx)

= 10 N (within 2 percent error)

1 kPa = 0.01 kgf/cm2 (within 2 percent error)

1 kgf/cm2 = 98.066 kPa.

NOTE — Values of 1 kPa rounded to the nearest practical unit.

The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given at Annex A.

.-

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance withIS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in therounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

“.. . . .

IS 15543:2005

Indian Standard

SELECTION OF PRIME MOVERS FORTRAILERS — GUIDELINES

1 SCOPE

1.1 This standard lays down procedure for selectionof prime movers for semi-trailers.

1.2 The procedure given in this standard can also be usedfor full trailers with the deletion of fifih wheel loading.

2 REFERENCE

The following standard contains provisions, whichthrough reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis standard. At the time of publication the editionsindicated was valid. All standards are subject torevision and parties to agreements based on thisstandard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the standardindicated below:

IS No. Title

11852 (Part 9): Automotive vehicles — Brakes and2003 braking systems: Part 9 Requirements

for vehicles equipped with anti-lockbraking systems

3 NOTATIONS USED

Following notations have been used in this standard:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)

h)

j)k)

m)

n)

P)

@r)

s)

Tractor unladen weight, kgf = W,

Fifth wheel loading, kgf = W*

GVW of tractor, kgf =W, +W2=W3

GVW of trailer, kgf = w,

Towed weight of trailer, kgf = W,– W, = W,

Engine torque, Nm = T,

Overall gear reduction ratio = G1(Lowest gear)

Overall gear reduction ratio = G*(Top gear)

Tyre rolling radius, m =r

Total resistance to motion, N = ~

Tractive effort at wheels in = Tw,

lowest gear, N

Tractive effort at wheels in = Tw,

top gear, N

Rolling resistance, N = R,

Gradient resistance, N =R

Inertial resistance, N = R;

Maximum vehicle speed, m/s = V

4 ASSUMPTIONS

For the purpose of ease in calculations, followingassumptions have been made:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

o

Mechanical eftlciency for = 0.85transmissions

Rolling resistance = 30 kgflt= 0.03 percent

Maximum gradient available = 1 in 10 (5.7°)on roads

Equivalent mass of tractor = 3.0 x W3 kgfwhile accelerating in lowestgear

Initial acceleration of tractor = 0.4 m/s2trailer combination

Acceleration due to gravi~, g = 9.81 m/s2

5 SELECTION BASED ON TOTAL RESISTANCETO MOTION

As a worst condition, it is assumed that the tractor-trailer combination is required to overcome all theresistances, that ‘is Rolling resistance, Gradientresistance and Inertial resistance simultaneously. Theair resistance is neglected as initial speed of vehicle iszero.

Total resistance = T,

.

.

.

.

.

.

Rolling resistance + Gradient resistance +Inertial resistance

Rr+Rg+Ri

0.030 x (W, + W,) x 9.81 +0.1 x (W, + W5)

X9.81 +(3 XWj+WJX0.4N

0.2943 x (W, + WJ+ 0.981 x (W3 + W,)

+1.2 W3 +0.4 W~

+1.275 3 X (W3 + W$) + 1.2 WJ + 0.4 W~

2.4753 W,+ 1.6753 W, N

2.47 W,+ 1.67 W, N

Tractive effort at ~xG, x0.85=T Nwheels in lowest gear = WI

rThe tractor under consideration will qualify forselection if,

TW,> T,

1

-m. . ., . . .

T “,

IS 15543:2005

that is ~ XGIxO.85>2.47 W~+1.67 B’s

r

6 SELECTION BASED ON ROAD ADHESION

Maximum traction generated due to road adhesion= GVW of tractor x Acceleration due to gravity x Co-efficient of adhesion

= WjX 9.81 X ().8N

= 7.848 x W, N

This should be greater than T, to achieve mobility (theinspection of the relationships given in 5 and 6) abovereveals that the trailer weight should not exceed thetractor weight by 3 times. This can be taken as a thumbrule that is 3 x W3 = W5.

7 SELECTION BASED ON PLAIN ROADAPPLICATION IN TOP GEAR

In this condition, the tractor-trailer combination isrequired to overcome only rolling resistance in topgear, effect of air resistance may be considered, ifappreciable. However, the rolling resistance will bearound 0.02 per cent on tarmac road and consideringair resistance the total resistance may be considered as0.03 per cent.

Tractive effort at ~ xG, X 0.85wheels in top gear = = TWZN

rTwz> Rolling resistance

~ X~z xO.85>0.03X(WJ +FV~)X9.81

r>0.2943 (W3 +W~)

>0.3 (W3 + W5)

8 SELECTION BASED ON MAXIMUM SPEEDON PLAIN ROAD IN TOP GEAR

P = power of engine, kW

0.85 = transmission efficiency

R, = rolling resistance, N

V = maximum vehicle speed= 14 m/s say forexample (50 kmlh)

1000x Px0.85=R, XV

‘0.03 x (W, + W,) x 9.81 x 14

=4.1202 (W3+ w,)

Power of vehicle engine should be:

4.1202 (W3+W,)P=

0.85 X 1000

= 0.004847 (W3 + WJ kW

= 0.005 (W3 + WJ kW for 50 knvh

or= 0.0025 (W3 + WJ kW for 25 krnih

However, this speed should be achievable at wheelsconsidering the engine speed, transmission ratio androlling radius.

9 SELECTION BASED ON THE COMPATIBILITYFOR THE PRIME MOVER AND THE TRAILER

The compatibili~ requirements of the tractor and thetrailer shall be in accordance with IS 11852 (Part 9).

10 TEST RESULTS

The test results of the verifications done for all theparameters specified in this standard shall be producedin the form of test report.

2

-q

IS 15543:2005

ANNEX A

(Foreword)

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Transport Tractors, Trailers and Industrial Trucks Sectional Committee, TED 22

Organization

P. L. Haulwel Ltd, Chennai

Ashok Leyland Ltd, Chennai

Automotive Research Association of Indi% Pune

Bharat Earth Movers Ltd, Bangalore

Brakes India Ltd, Chennai

Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune

Controllerate of Quality Assurance Vehicle, Ministry of Defence,

Ahmednagar

Directorate General of Quality Assurance (DGQE), Ministry of

Defence, New Delhl

Directorate of Standardization, New Delhi

Indian Federation of Transport Operators, Mumbai

Indian Tyre Technical Advisory Committee, New Delhi

Ministry of Surface Transport (Roads Wing), New Delhi

Ministry of Surtace Transport (Development Wing), New Delhi

Tata Motors Ltd, Pune

Volvo India Ltd, Bangalore

Veermata Jeejabai Technological Institute, Mumbai

.Vehicle Research Development Establishment, Ahmednagar

BIS Directorate General

Representative(s)

SHIU S. RAMSUBRAMANIAN(Chairman)SHFUB. RAMESH(Alternate)

SHRI P. DHANASEKARN

sHRrs. RAHJ

Smu A. AKBARBADUSHA(Alternate)

SHRI M. P. SRSRAM

Smu T. SIURAM(Alternate)

SHRI K. N. BALAII

Smu K. KANNABIWN(Alternate)

SHRI V. R. JALGAONKAR

SHSUD. G. SHUWE(Alternate)

Smu S. K. CHAKRABORTY

COL R. Puru

LT COL B. T. JADE (Alternate)

CoL G. P. I@sHNAM~THY

SHIU TILAK CHAND MANGATRAMOBHAN

Smu HARKIRATSINGHKHOU (Alternate)

Strru V. ABRAHAM

Smr T. FALCAO(Alternate)

SHRI NIRMALJIT SINGH

Strru G. P. ROY

Smu T. K. DIJ’ITA(Alternate)

SHRI B. K. GHOSH

SHN S. V. KULKARNI(Alternate)

SHRI V. ASHOK KUMAR

DR S. S. MANTHA

Smu P. S. DESHPANDE

SW K. KAMRAJ(Alternate)

SHM K. K. VASHWTHA,Dhector and Head (TED)

[Representing Direct6r General (Ex-oL@cio)]

Member Secretary

Smu V. ARUMUGAM

Joint Director (TED), BIS

.. ..,.----

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This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. TED 22 (348).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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