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है”ह”ह

IS 15060 (2001): Geotextiles - Tensile Test for Joint/Seamsby Wide-Width Method [TXD 30: Geotextiles and IndustrialFabrics]

d<—.

I

IS 15060:2001ISO 10321:1992

w#w7m-

Indian Standard

GEOTEXTILES — TENSILE TEST FORJOINTS/SEAMS BY WIDE-WIDTH METHOD

II

ICS 59.080.70

(!3 BIS 2001

October 2001

I

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group ‘4

Peotextiles and Industrial Fabrics Sectional Committee, TX 30

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 10321 : 1992 ‘Geotextiles — Tensile test forjoints/seams by wide-width method’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of Geotextiles and IndustrialFabrics Sectional Committee (TX 30) and approval of the Textile Division Council.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the following :

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practiceis to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

!n the adopted standard, the following International Standards are referred to. Read in their respectiveplaces, the following :

International Standard

1s0 554 : 1976 Standardatmosphere for conditioningand/or testing — Specifications

ISO 3696 : 1987 Water foranalytical laboratory use —Specification and test methods

Iso 7500-1 : 1986 Metallicmaterials — Verification ofstatic uniaxial testing machines— Part 1 : Tensile testingmachines

ISO 9862 Geotextiles —Sampling and preparation oftest specimens

ISO 10319: 1993 Geotextiles— Wide-width tensile test

CorrespondingIndian Standard

IS 6359:1971 Method for conditioning oftextiles

IS 1070:1992 Reagent grade water (third

revision)

IS 1828 (Part 1). 1991/1S0 7500-1:1986Metallic materials — Verification of staticuniaxial testing machines: Part 1 Tensiletesting machines

IS 14706:1999 Geotextiles — Samplingand preparation of test specimens

IS 13162 (Part 5) : 1992 Geotextiles —Method of test: Part 5 Determination oftensile properties using a wide width strip

Degree ofEquivalence

TechnicallyEquivalent

do

Identical (seealso IS 1969:1986)

TechnicallyEquivalent

do

.. . -.

&

IS 15060:2001ISO 10321 : 1992

Indian Standard

I

II

I

I,

I

GEOTEXTILES — TENSILE TEST FORJOINTS/SEAMS BY WIDE-WIDTH METHOD

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies an index testmethod for determination of the tensile propertiesof joints and seams in geotextiles and related pro-ducts, using a wide-width strip. The method is ap-plicable to most geotextiles and geotextile-relatedproducts. It is also applicable to geogrids, but thespecimen dimensions may need to be altered.

This method quantifies the tensile strength of a jointor seam between geotextiles or related products. Itcan provide data to indicate the joint or seam tensilestrength which can be achieved.

A joint or seam efficiency can be calculated bycomparison of the joint/seam tensile strength withthe tensile strength of the unjointed material as de-termined by ISO 10319.

Procedures for measuring the tensile properties ofboth conditioned and wet specimens are included.

Some modification of techniques may be necessaryfor particular geotextiles, e.g. strong geotextiles,meshes or geotextiles made from glass fibre, toprevent them from slipping in the jaws or beingdamaged as a result of being gripped in the jaws.

The basic test for joints or seams in all kinds ofgeotextiles or related products uses test specimensof 200 mm width, with the provision for the seam orjoint to extend for 25 mm on each side in order toprovide joint or seam stability during the test (seefigure 2).

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this International Standard. At the time of publi-

1) To be published.

cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan-dards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this International Standardare encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap-plying the most recent editions of the standards in-dicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintainregisters of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 554:1976, Standard atmospheres for conditioningandlor testing — Specifications.

ISO 3696:1987, Wafer for analytical laboratory use –Specification and test methods.

ISO 7500-1:1986, Metallic materials – Verification ofstatic uniaxial testing machines — Part l.- Tensiletesting machines.

ISO 9862:1990, Geotaxti/es – Sampling and prepara-tion of test specimens.

ISO 10319:–1), Geotexti/es – Wide-width tensile test.

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, thefollowing definitions apply.

3,1 seam: Series of stitches joining two or moreseparate pieces of a material or materials of planarstructure, e.g. geotextiles or related products.

3,2 joint: The junction at which two or more separ-ate pieces of a geotextile or related product arejoined by a method other than stitching.

3,3 joint/seam strength (for geotextiles and relatedproducts): The maximum tensile resistance, meas-ured in Idlonewtons per metre, of the junctionformed by stitching or joining two or more planarstructures.

1

IS 15060:2001

ISO 10321 : 1992

3.4 joint/seam efficiency: The ratio, expressed asa percentage, of joint/seam strength to thegeotextile strength evaluated in the same direction.

4 Principle

A geotextile specimen, 200 mm wide and containinga joiW/seam, is gripped across its entire width in theclamps of a tensile testing machine, operated at aprescribed rate of extension, and subjected to alongitudinal force (perpendicular to the seam axis)until the joint/seam of the geotextile or relatedproduct ruptures.

5 Apparatus and materials

5,1 Tensile testing machine, constant rate of ex-tension type, complying with ISO 7500-1, in whichthe rate of increase of specimen length is uniformwith time.

5.2 Jaws, which are sufficiently wide to hold theentire width of the specimen and with appropriatemeans to limit siippage or damage. Each jaw shallhave faces measuring at ieast the width of thespecimen, i.e. 200 mm.

NOTE 1 It is stressed that it is essential to choose jawfaces that limit slippage of the geotextile that may occur,esoeciallv for stronaer aeotextiies. ExamDles of tvDes ofjaw face; which ha;e b;en foundin figure 1.

5,3 Water (for wet specimensas defined in ISO 3696.

5.4 Non-ionic wetting agentonly).

6 Test specimens

satisfactory, are given

only), purity grade 3

(for wet specimens

6.1 Number of test specimens

Cut at least five test specimens, each of which in-cludes the seam or joint.

6.2 Selection of test specimens

Select specimens in accordance with ISO 9862.

6.3 Dimensions of test specimens

6.3,1 Prepare test specimens from the jointed orseamed specimen, each of sufficient length to en-sure an initial jaw separation of 100 mm plus thejoint or seam width b (see figure 3) and with the

seam or joint located aiong the centre-line of thespecimen, perpendicular to the direction of the ap-piied load.

Cut each specimen, as shown in figure2, to achievea final specimen width of 200 mm. When removingthe shaded area from a specimen, as shown in fig-ure 2, the angles between the 25-mm extensions,which are parallel to the seam or joint, and thatsection of the specimen having a finished width of200 mm shall be 90°

6.3.2 For woven geotextiies (see ISO 10319), make25-mm-iong cuts at a distance of 25 mm plus b/2from the centre-iine of the specimen, to facilitate theremoval of the edge yarns in attaining the nominalwidth of 200 mm.

6.3.3 For geogrids, prepare jointed specimens atleast 200 mm wide and sufficiently long to ensure aclamp separation of at least 100 mm plus the jointwidth, measured to ~ 3 mm. The jointed test speci-men shail contain at ieast five tensile elementswithin the width of the test specimen and at leastone row of nodes or cross-members on either sideof the joint, excluding those by which the test sppci-men is held in the jaws or from which the joint is tobe made. Cut all ribs or cross-members at ieast10 mm from any node (see figure 4).

The cross-members, from which the joint is to bemade, shall be extended, by at least one pitch be-yond the tensiie eiements to be tested, on both sidesof the specimen, in order to facilitate the formationof the joint.

6.3.4 For knitted geotextiles, geocomposites orothers in which preparing the specimen by cuttingwith a knife or scissors may affect the geotextiiestructure, thermal cutting can be used, taking careto avoid damaging the specimen during the cuttingoperation, particularity at the point Iabelled “A”in figure 2. This shali be reported in the test report[clause 10, b)].

6.3.5 If wet testing is also required, cut an addi-tional five specimens.

6.4 Index characterisation

For index characterisation of the seam/joint, the twoelements seamed/jointed together shall be orien-tated in the same direction (warp or weft, machineor cross-machine direction) and aligned perpendic-ular to the seam/joint and paraliel to the appiiedioad axis.

2

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ISwrnt@dwedge

Geotextlle

or soft-metal

IS 15060 :2OOI

ISO 10321 :1992

I tompresslvetorteadjustable upto 400 kN

a) WedgeJaws b) Crmpresslvebtotkjaws

++Geotextlle

c) Capstan

..

Figure 1 – Examples of jaw faces for testing geotextiles

3

IS 15060:2001

ISO 10321 : 1992

Dimensions in mlllimetres

IWidth (8)

/

I

I

zQ Joint/seam ~

Figure 2 – Test specimen preparation

Dimensions in millimetres

~inN

a Joint/seam

N

I r

cLamp~Width (B 1= 200 I 2s—

Figure 3 – Example of seam/joint specimen placed in compressive clamps

4

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.“4<

IS 15060:2001ISO 10321 :1992

Dimensions In mlllimetres

Sodkln

Figure 4 – Example of geogrid seam/joint specimen

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1’6<

IS 15060:2001

ISO 10321 : 1992

7 Conditioning atmosphere

The test specimens shall be conditioned and the testconducted in one of the standard atmospheres de-fined in ISO 554, i.e. at a relative humidity of(65 +- 2) ‘If and a temperature of (20+- 2) “C [or(50 ~ 2) % R.H. and (23 ~ 2) ‘C, or (65 ~ 2) % R,H.and (27 & 2) “C], until constant mass is achieved.

NOTES

2 The test specimens can be considered to have beenconditioned when the change in mass of the test specimenin successive weighings, made at intervals of not lessthan 2 h, does not exceed 0,25 “A of the mass of the testspecimen.

3 Conditioning and/or testing at a specified relative hu-midity may be omitted if it can be shown that the resultsare not affected.

Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall beimmersed in water (5.3) maintained at a temper-ature of (20 ~ 2) ‘C [or (23 + 2) “C or (27 + 2) “C].

The time of immersion shall be sufficient to wet outthe test specimens thoroughly, as indicated by nosignificant change in maximum load or strain fol-lowing a longer period of immersion, and at least

24 h. To obtain thorough wetting, it may be neces-sary to add not more than 0,05 0/0 of a non-ionicneutral wetting agent (5.4) to the water.

8 Procedure

8.1 Setting up of machine

Adjust the distance between the jaws at the start ofthe test, to give a length of 100 mm plus the seamor joint width, measured to + 3 mm, except forgeogrids and for geotextiies when using capstangrips.

Select the force range of the testing machine suchthat the break occurs between 30 “A and 90 YO offull-scale force. Set the machine so as to induce astrain rate of (20 + 5) O/i/rein in the distance be-tween the jaws.

Test conditioned specimens in an atmospherespecified in clause 7. For wet test specimens, per-form the test within 3 min of removal from the water.

8.2 insertion of test specimen in jaws

Mount the test specimen centrally in the jaws, takingcare that the specimen length is parallel to the di-rection of application of force. Where appropriate,after mounting, draw a line on the specimen paralieland adjacent to each jaw face in order to observeany jaw slippage during testing.

8.3 Measurement of tensiie seam/jointstrength

Start the tensile testing machine and continue theprocedure until the joint, the seam or the materialitself ruptures. Stop the machine and reset to theinitial gauge position. Record and report the maxi-mum force, as read directly from the testing ma-chine, to an accuracy of 0,2 0/0 of the full scale.Observe and record whether the rupture is causedby:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

material rupture;

sewing thread rupture;

material slippage relative to the joint/seam;

tear-type geotextile yarn rupture; $

[

:!

joint faiiure:

a combination of two or more of the foregoing.

Also note any other comment on the failure mode.i

8.4 Discard criteria;j

Discard any individual test result and test a furtherr,

specimen where one or more of the following oc-curs:

a)

b)

c)

9

a single determination is more than 3 standarddeviations below the mean of the five results,and the reason for the premature failure isclearly due to faulty specimen preparation;

the specimen failure is initiated from any of thepoints Iabelied “A” in figure 2;

jaw slippage is observed, and this clearly initi-ates a premature failure of the seam/joint.

Expression of results

9.1 Seam/joint strength

Using equation (l), calculate the mean maximumjoint or seam strength (Sf) of individual specimenshaving a similar seam assembly, i.e. the force, inkiionewtons per metre, at which the specimen rup-

,~

tures, as read directly from the testing machine.

St= Ffxc . ..(1)

where

s, is the joint or seam strength, expressedin kilonewtons per metre;

Ff is the recorded maximum force, ex-pressed in kilonewtons;

6

,, ,..A.

IS 15060:2001

ISO 10321 :1992

c is obtained from equation (2) or (3) asappropriate.

Either, for geononwovens or closely wovengeotextiles or similar open-structure materials:

1c.—B

(2)

where B is the specimen width in metres (usually0,2 m, see figures 2 and 3).

Or, for coarse geowovens, geomeshes, geogrids orsimilar materials:

Nm~=—

N,. . . (3)

where

N. is the minimum number of tensile ele-ments within 1 m widt’h of the productbeing tested;

N, is the number of tensile elements withinthe test specimen.

9.2 Seam/joint efficiency

If requested, determine the seam/joint efficiency (E)using equation (4) when the strength of theunjointed/unseamed material (Zf) has been deter-mined by the wide-strip tensile test method(ISO 10319) in the same direction as it was for thejoint/seam strength test.

qJ<=IOOXZ . (4)

where

E is the seam/joint efficiency, expressed asa percentage;

TJ-f is the mean seam/joint strength, ex-pressed in kilonewtons per metre;

~f is the mean tensile strength of theunseamed/unjointed material, expressedin kilonewtons per metre.

10 Test report

The test report shall include the following informa-tion:

I

...

a) the number and year of publication of this inter-national Standard (ISO 10321:1992);

!1

b)

c)

d)

e)

9

9)

h)

i)

identification and description of the material, theproduct seam or joint method used, the methodof sampling used, where relevant, the directionof the joined parts of the specimen and whetherthe specimens were prepared using thermalcutting techniques;

the condition of the test specimens, i.e. wet or .~dry;

the number of test specimens tested;I

the manufacturer and model of the testing ma- 1

chine; Ij

the type of jaw, including the jaw dimensions, ~

and the type of jaw face;

the standard atmosphere used;

the joint or seam strength, in kilonewtons permetre, for each specimen tested and the averageof those results, and the standard deviation orcoefficient of variation, or both, of the seam/jointstrength;

the type of failure for each test specimen (thematerial itself, joint/seam or other failure foreach specimen);

if requested, the seam efficiency, as a percent-age.

7

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This Indian Standard has been developed from DOG No. TX 30( 0439).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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