Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 14985 (2001): Methyl Acrylate and Ethyl Acrylate - Codeof Safety [CHD 8: Occupational Safety, Health and ChemicalHazards]

IS 14985:2001

1,.,...9,

r

W7m9nm7

FFll WaiR* WEm *

Indian Standard

—gwl-mfm

METHYL ACRYLATEACRYLATE — CODE

ICS 71.080.70

AND ETHYLOF SAFETY

---

@BIS 2001

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

December 2001 price &OUp 6

Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 7

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the ChemicalHazards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.

Methyl acrylate is used in the manufacture of leather finish resins, plastic films, textile and paper coatings.Methyl acrylate producing the hardest resins of acrylate ester series is used in the manufacture of acrylic fibresas the comonomer of acrylonitrile because its presence facilitates the spinning of fibres. It is also used in thedentist~, medicine pharmaceuticals and for polymerization of radioactive wastes. Ethyl acrylate is used in themanufacture of water emulsion paints, leather finish resins textile and paper coatings, and adhesives. It impartsflexibility to hard films.

Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate both in liquid and vapour forms are corrosive to eyes and get absorbedthrough skin, and irritates the respiratory systems.

There is no 1S0 standard on the subject. In the preparation of this code considerable assistance has beenderived from the following publications:

a) Dangerous properties of industrial materials (7th edition) by N. Irving Sax.b) Chemical safety date sheet-SD-79 for Methyl Acrylate and Ethyl Acrylate(adopted-April 1960), prepared

by Manufacturing Chemists Association, U.S.A.c) NIOSI-UOSHAPockets guide to chemical hazards, published by U.S Department of LabOurOccupational

Safety and Health Administration.

The Composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.

IS 14985:2001

Indian Standard

METHYL ACRYLATE AND ETHYLACRYLATE — CODE OF SAFETY

1 SCOPE

1.1 This standard describes the properties of methylacrylate and ethyl acrylate, natute of hazards associatedwith it, safety measures for controlling hazards, essentialinformation on symptoms of poisoning, first aid,medical treatment, storage, handling, labelling andemployees safety.

1.2 This standard does not however deal withspecifications for design of buildings, chemicalengineering paints, method and ingredients used inthe manufacture, equipment for waste disposal andoperation control.

2 REFERENCE

The Indian Standard listed below contains provisionwhich through reference in this text, constitutesprovision of this standard. At the time of publication,the edition indicated was valid. All standards aresubject to revision, and parties to agreements basedon this standard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent edition of thestandard.

IS No. i’ltle

4155:1966 Glossaryof terms relating to chemicaland radiation hazards and hazardouschemicals

3 TERMINomY

For the purpose of this standard the definitions giveninIS4155 sh’hllapply.

4 GENERALINFORMAT’IONAND PROPERTIES

4.1 General Information

Some of the general information about methyl acrylateand ethyl acrylate are given in Table 1.

4.2 Physical Properties

Some of the important physical properties of methylacrylate and ethyl acrylate are given in Table 2.

Table1 General Information( Clause 4.1 )

S I Characteristic Methyl EthylNo. Acrylate Acrylate(1) (2) (3) (4)

i) Common name Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylateii) Chemical name Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate

iii) Empirical formula CH2=CHCOOCH3 CH2=CHCOOC,H,iv) Molecular mass 86 100v) CAS No. 96-33-3 140-88-5

vi) UN No. 1919 1917vii) UN Class 3 3viii) Hazchem Code 3WE 3WE

ix) NFPA Hazard Indexa) Health 2 2b) Flammability 3 3c) Reactivity 2 2

Table 2 Physical Properties( Clause 4.2)

S 1 Characteristic Methyl EthylNo. Acrylate(1) (2) (3)

i) Physical state Liquidii) Odour Acrid odour,

lacrimatoriii) Vaporrr density 2.95

(air = 1)iv) Boiling point, T 80.3

at 760 mm Hgv) Specific gravity at 0.956

20W14°Cvi) Freezing point “C (-)75

vii) Refractive index, at2(PC 1.404025°C 1.4003

viii) Volubility in water, 5.00g/100 g, at 25%2

ix) Volubility of water in 2.5monomer, g/100 g at2P c

x) Specific heat, 0.48kJ/ mole-K

xi) Vapour pressure, kpa,at-20”C 0.85-1 O“c 1.72

w 3.122(PC 5.4050T 34.0

xii) Vkcosity at 25”C, 0.49

Acrylate(4)

LiquidAcrid penetratingodour, lacrimator3.45

99.4

0.940

(-)72

1.40681.40321.50

1.5

0.47

0.310.611.162.2016.80.55

mPa.s

4.3 Fire and Explosion Hazards 4.3.2 Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate have low flashpoints, flammable liquids and their vapours, form

4.3.1 Some of the importantfm and expkkm hds explosive mixtures with air over a wide range ofof methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate are given in concentrations. Both monomers are quite volatile andTable 3. . their vapours being heavier than air, tend to accumulate

1

i-

IS 14985:2001

at low points, may travel along the ground and distantignition possible. Both react violently with oxidants.Ethyl acrylate reacts violently with chlorosulphonicacid. Polymerization may be initiatedby ultra-violet lightand heating, if uncontrolled, may result into explosion.

Table 3 Fn and Explosion Hazard Properties( Clat4se4.3.l )

S1 Characteristic Methyl EthylNo. Acrylate Acrylate(1) (2)

(4)

i) Flash point,” CClosed cupOpen cup

ii) Explosives limits(percent volume in air)

LELUEL

iii) Heat of evaporation, kcal/mole

iv) Heat of polymerization, kcal/mole

v) Heat of combustion, kcal/mole

(3)

(-)3 9(-)2 19

2.8 1.425 14

8.25 8.27

18.8 18.6

502.88 655.49

vi) Auto ignition temperature, “C 463 345

4.3.3 Polymerization Hazards

Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate polymerize readilyat room temperature unless properly inhibited.Considerable heat is evolved during polymerization andexplosive forces may develop if the material is in a closedcontainer.

5 TOXICITY AND HEALTH HAZARDS

5.1 Routes of Entry

5.1.1 Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate are irritantsfor the skin, mucous membranes and thegastrointestinal tract. They may be absorbed throughthe skin, gastrointestinal system or the lungs. Systemicabsorption may lead to degenerative changes in theliver and kidneys.

5.L2 Accidental industrial exposure may Occurin tlueeways:

a) acute exposure to high vapour concentrations,b) prolonged exposure to lower Vapour

concentrations, andc) liquid absorption of eyes or skin.

5.1.3 The vapour pressures of both methyl acrylateand ethyl acrylate are such that air concentrationsabove the threshold limit may readily develop undermany ordinary conditions of handling unlessprecautions are taken. Available toxicity data of methylacrylate and ethyl acrylate are given in Table 4.

5.2 Health Hazard

5.2.1 Acute Toxicity

‘1’hble4 Toxiaty Data( Clause 5.1.3)

S1 Characteristic Methyl EthylNo. Acrylate Acrylate(1) (2) (3) (4)

i) TLV (skin) 10 ppm 5 ppm(35 mg/m3) (20 mglm’)

ii) TWA, ppm 2 5iii) STEL, ppm — 15iv) TCm, ppm 75 —

(human)

5.2.1.1 Systemic effects

Severe exposure to vapours or swallowing of theacrylate maybe fatal. Oral intake is characterized bymarked local irritation of the mouth and digestivesystem. Severe vapour exposure is indicated by extremeirritation of eyes and respiratory system. Death mayresult from pulmonary edema and from damage tointernal organs. Terminal stages are marked byshortness of breath, blueness of the lips andconvulsive movements

5.2.1.2 Local effects

Marked local irritation of the eyes and linings of thenose, throat and lungs results from acute vapourexposure. Eyes water considerably and chemical bumsmay develop on the cornea. Single exposure of intactskin does not result in significant irritation unless themonomer is held in close, covered contact with theskin as by clothing or gloves.

5.2.2 Chronic Toxicity

5.2.2.1 Systemic effects

The odour and irritant ‘effects of methyl acrylate andethyl acrylate vapours are such as to precludesignificant absorption in trained workman underconditions other than acute accidental exposure.Methyl acrylate is highly irritant and can causesensitization. Chronic explosive may damage liver/kidney tissues. Ethyl acrylate is grouped as Class 2Bcarcinogen according to the Encyclopedia ofOccupational Health and Safety.

5.2.2.2 Local effects

Prolonged exposure for extended periods (16 h or more)to tolerable concentrations of vapours may result ineye irritation and injury.

5.2.2.3 Warning properties

The odour of methyl acrylate maybe detected by mostindividuals at a concentration of about 20 ppm and ofethyl acrylate at about 8 ppm. Odour detection haslittle practical value in chronic repeated exposures sincemost workers become less sensitive to the odour andwill tolerate atmospheric concentrations greater thanthe threshold limits. On the other hand. the odour

-

becomes disagreeable and irritation of the eyes andmucous membranes is experienced beginning at about75 ppm and these symptoms, if needed, constituteadequate warning for acute exposures.

6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

6.1 Availability and Use

6.1.1 While personal protective equipment is not anadequate substitute for good, safe working conditions,adequate ventilation and intelligent conduct on thepart of employees working with methyl acrylate andethyl acrylate, is, in many instances, the only practicalmeans of protecting the worker. In emergencysituations one should keep firmly in mind that personalprotective equipment protects only the worker wearingit, and other unprotected workers in the area may beexposed to danger.

6.1.2 The correct use of personal protective equipmentrequires the education to the worker in properemployment of the equipment available to him.Hazardous conditions require personal protectiveequipment, its use should be supervised and the typeof equipment should be capable to give provisionagainst any potential hazard.

6.2 Eye Protection

6.2.1 Chemical Safety Goggles

Cup type or rubber framed safety goggles, equippedwith the approved impact resistant glass or plasticlenses, should be worn whenever there is danger ofmethyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate coming in contact withthe eyes. Goggles should be carefully fitted to ensuremaximum protection and comfort.

6.2.2 Spectacle Type Sajky Goggles

Metal or plastic rim safety spectacles with imperforateklside shields which may be obtained with prescriptionlenses or suitable all plastic safety goggles. may beused where continuous eye protection is desirable, asin laboratories. These types, however, should not beused where complete eye protection against methylacrylate or ethyl acrylate is needed.

6.2.3 Face Shields

Plastic shields (full length) with forehead protectionmay be worn in addition to ,chemical safety goggleswhere complete face protection is desirable. Chemicalsafety goggles should always be worn as addedprotection where there is danger of material strikingthe eyes from underneath or around the sides of theface shield.

6.3 Respiratory protection

6.3.1 Severe exposure to methyl acrylate or ethylacrylates may occur in tanks during equipment cleaning

IS 14985:2001

and repairs, when decontaminating areas followingspills, or in case of failure of piping or equipment.Employees who may be subject to such exposuresshould be provided with proper respiratory protectiveequipment and trained in their use and care.

6.3.2 Self contained breathing apparatus whichpermits the wearer to carry a supply of oxygen or aircompressed in the cylinder, and allows considerablemobility. The length of time a self-contained breathingapparatus provides protection varies according to theamount of air or oxygen or regenerating material carried.Compressed oxygen should not be used where there isdanger of contact with flammable liquids, vapours, orsources of ignition, especially in confined spaces suchas tanks or pits

63.3 Positive pressure hose masks which are suppliedby blowers requiring no internal lubrication. The wearermust be able to use the same route for exit as for entranceand must take precautions to keep the hose line free ofentanglement. The air blower must be placed in an areafree of contaminants.

6.3.4 Air-line masks supplied with clean compressedair are suitable for use only where conditions will permitsafe escape in case of failure of the compressed airsupply. These masks are usually supplied with air pipesto the area from a compressor. It is extremely importantthat the air supply is taken from a safe source, and thatit is not contaminated. The safer method is to use aseparate compressor of the type not requiring internallubrication. Pressure reducing and relief valves, aswell as suitable traps and filters, must be installed at allmask stations. An rdtemate arrangement frequentlyused is high pressure breathing air from standard(7 cm ) cylinders, with a demand type valve and facepiece. This arrangement may also be used with25-50 kg, clean piped plant air, and, as an additionalprecaution with the demand mask, a small cylinder ofcompressed air may be worn for use as an emergencyescape from the area. Consult a reliable safetyequipment dealer for details on the proper use ofequipment approved by Bureau of Mines.

6.3.5 Industrial canister type gas masks, equipped withfull face pieces fitted with the proper canister forabsorbing methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate vapour, willafford protection against concentrations not exceeding2 percent by volume when used in accordance with themanufacturer’s instructions. The oxygen content ofthe air must not be less than 16 percent by volume.The masks should be used for relatively short exposureperiods only. They may not be suitable for use in anemergency since, at that time, the actual vapourconcentration is unknown and an oxygen deficiencymay exist. The wearer must be warned to leave thecontaminated area immediately on detecting the odourof a harmful vapour. This may indicate that the mask is

3

—

IS 14985:2001

not functioning properly, that the vapottr canister is

exhausted or that the mask is not properly fitted.

NOTE —Where carbon monoxide or other gas having littleor no odour may be encountered in addition to methylacrylate or ethyl acrylate, the mask should be equipped withan “all purpose canister” and a “time device”.

6.3.6 Chemical cartridge res~irators may be used toavoid inhaling disagreeable but relatively harmlessconcentrations of methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylatevapour. These respirators, however, are notrecommended for protection where toxic quantities maybe encountered.

CAUTZON — Filter type respirators do not offer protectionagainst gases and are unsuitable for use when working withmethyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate.

6.4 Head Protection

“Hard” hats should be worn where there is dangerfrom failing objects. If hard hats are notconsidered necessary, soft-brimmed hats or caps maybe worn to give protection against liquid spillage andsplashes.

6.5 Foot Protection

6.5.1 Leather safety shoes with built-in-steel toe capsare recommended for workers handling drums and cansof methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate. Neoprene or plasticovershoes may be worn over le+her safety shoes.Overshoes and shoes should be thoroughly cleanedand ventilated after contamination. .

6.5.2 Liquid methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate willpenetrate leather shoe tops readily, and if allowed toremain in contact with the foot, will produce severeirritation. Contaminated shoes should be removedpromptly and thoroughly dried before rewearing.

6.6 Body, Skin and Hand Protection

6.6.1 Sustained or intermittent skin contact with liquidmethyl actylate or ethyl acrylate may produce dermatitisat the site of contact. It is imperative that contaminatedclothing be removed promptly and laundered beforereuse. Affected areas of the body should be washedwith water alone. As a general hygienic measure,facilities for personal cleanliness should be providedand washing before lunch and at the end of the workday should be encouraged.

6.6.2 Clothing made of rubber or other imperviousmaterial may be worn to protect the body againstsplashes. Neoprene or PVC gloves should be used forhand protection (cloth or leather gloves are notadequate). These garments must be cleaned insideand out each time they are used.

7 STORAGE, HANDLING, LABELLING ANDTRANSPORT

7.1 Handling and Storage

7.1.1 General

All precautions should be taken to safeguard thehealth of worker against health and fire hazardswhenever methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate are handledand stored. Spark resistant tools should be used andthe area should be posted with no-smoking or otherappropriate signs. If leaks or spills occur, only properlyprotected personnel should enter the area. Leakingcontainers should be removed to the outdoors or to anisolated, well ventilated area and the contentstransferred to other suitable containers. Gaskets ingeneral should be flushed on the inside and not extendinto the column or pipes, as polymer tends to getaffected and brown at such points.

7.1.2 Small Containers

Glass bottles should be handled carefully to preventbreakage. Vapours of methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylateshould not be allowed to come into contact with openflame or other sources of ignition. Bottles or cans whichare not returnable, care should be taken to avoiddiscarding such empty containers near sources ofignition or where unauthorized persons might handlethem. They should be flushed out with water and leftuncapped.

7.1.3 Drums

7.L3.I Handling

When a truckload of drums containing methyl acrylateor ethyl acrylate is received the truck doors should beopened to allow thorough ventilation of the vehiclebefore it is entered. Each shipment should be examinedfor leaking dmms.

7.1.3.2 Emptying

Before drums are opened, they should be supportedand grounded. Drums should be opened with sparkresistant tools and fittings and never be struck withtools or other hard objects which may cause sparking.

7.1.33 To remove the body plug from a drum of methylacrylate or ethyl acrylate, the operator should weargoggles and use bung or plug wrench. He shouldplace the bung up stand to one side with face awayduring the operation. After the plug beings to loosenit should be given not mom than one full turn. If internalpressure exists, it should be allowed to escape to theatmosphere. Then only should the operator be allowedto loose the plug further and remove it.

7.13.4 The preferable safe method for emptying drumsis by hand pump or electrical pumps with explosion

4

/ 1:

IS 14985:2001

proof motors. Theuseofpressure foremptying drumsis not recommended.

7.1.4 Disposal

If any metal drums are to be scrapped they would bedrained completely and then steamed to removevapours. They should be made unusable by crushingor piercing.

7.1.5 Storage

Methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate polymerize readily atroom temperatures unless properly inhibited.,Considerableheat is evolve during polymerization andexplosiveforces may develop if the material is in a closedcontainer. These monomers should be stored attemperatures recommended by the manufacturers.Prolonged storage should be avoided.

7.1.6 Storage Conditions

7.1.6.1 Methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate are normallyinhibited before storage. Acrylates should never bestored under an inert gas atmosphere as some dissolvedoxygen is necessary for the inhibitor system. Ifuninhibited monomer has been handled it shall beimmediately cooled to 40Cand held in refrigerated tanks.Uninhibited monomer should not be held more than3 days even under these conditions.

7.1.6.2 Drums of inhibited methyl acrylate or ethylacrylate should be stored in a cool place. While theinhibitor dosages used are adequate to preventuncontrolled polymerization even on prolonged storageat temperatures as high as 38”C. It is suggested that asan additional safeguard, storage conditions should besuch that temperature above 3&’Care avoided or atleast not encountered for any significant proportion ofthe expected storage time. Of course, even thoughuncontrolled polymerization will not take place evenon prolonged storage at temperatures as high as 38W,there exists a possibility of quality deterioration,particularly if storage at these temperatures isprolonged. Experience has shown that for the mostcritical applications particularly for the lower inhibitorconcentrations where methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylateare used without inhibitor removal, the storagetemperature should beheld below 10’C.

7.1.7 Indoor Storage

7.1.7.1 When filled drums or other containers me storedindoors, they should be stored in non-combustible,well ventilated structures. When filled drums, or othercontainers are stored in separate storage rooms, floordrains should be provided. The floors should bepitched to the drains and the latter should lead to asafe location. In case, no drains are provided, 10 mmcurbs or a drained gutter, covered with an appropriategrills should be constructed at door openings. In eithercase, only those properly protected should attempt to

clean up areas in which methyl acrylate and ethylacrylate has been spilled.

7.1.7.2 All storage areas should be provided withautomatic sprinklers or some other adequateextinguishing system.

7.1.7.3 Methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate should notbe stored in glass bottles or containers or near othercombustibles, acids in glass bottles or containers ornear other combustibles, acids and oxidizing materials.Safety cans with pouring outlets equipped with tightfitting caps or valves normally closed by springs andwith fire baffles in the outlets should be used.

7.1.8 Bulk Storage

Since the bulk storage of methyl acrylate or ethylacrylate in above or underground tanks poses manyproblems relating to such factors as size of vents, diking,and separation distances, which depend upon othervariables such as nature of the tank contents, tank wallthickness, or protection, it is recommended that tankstorage requirements be determined throughconsultation with qualified fire protection engineers,the fire insurance carriers concerned and manufacturersof methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate. .

7.1.9 Ventilation

Good ventilation is essential in rooms or areas wheremethyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate are handled toprevent the accumulation of explosive or toxic mixtures.The type of ventilation needed will depend uponseveral factors as like vapour density, dead air spaces,temperature, convection currents, wind directionwhich must be considered by the engineer whendetermining equipment location, type and capacity. Ifmechanical ventilation is used, spark proof fans arerecommended and electrical equipment should meetnational electrical code requirements.

7.1.10 Electrical Equipment

Wiring in the immediate area should be Class I, DivisionI, when equipment using methyl acrylate or ethylacrylate is located in large area. The electrical equipmentin the immediate area should be Class I, Division I.Where not exposed to the possibility of solvent spills,the wiring should be weather tight. It is recommendedthat the areas be carefully surveyed by a qualified fireprotection engineer. Flash lights should be approvedfor the exposure.

7.1.11 Over Heating

Automatic temperature controls are recommended forprocesses where methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylateare heated; but even with these, close supervision isnecessary because the methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylateor its mixture is highly combustible.

Low pressure steam or hot water is recommended forheating methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate mixtures inwhich either of them are used.

5

IS 14985:2001

7.1.12 Static Electricity

Sparks from static electricity may ignite methyl aerylateand ethyl acrylate vapour and air mixtures. Methylacrylate and ethyl acrylate flowing through or beingdischarged from a line, generates static electricity.Therefore, an effective grounding of the line isnecessary to prevent possible fire and explosionhazards.

7.1.13 Before methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate ispoured. or discharged from one metal container toanother, the two vessels should be grounded andelectrically interconnected. All metal surfaces withwhich methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate comes in contactshould be grounded and bonded so that the resistanceto ground is not greater than 5 ohms. This applies toall metal equipment and piping such as tanks, mixers,stills and pipelines. Where drive belts are neeessary,conductive ‘V’belts are recommended. Pulley and driveshafts should be grounded. Non-conductive drivebelts may accumulate an electric charge and their useshould be avoided.

7.2 LabeUing

Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate are classified asflammable liquids. Packages containing insidecontainers of onequarter capacity or larger shall bepacked with filling holes up, and the container outsideshall be plainly marked “THIS SIDE UP”. Drums andeach box containing inside containers must bear thered label for “Flammable Liquids”. All containers ofmethyl acrylate should bear the following label inaddition to or in combination with any label, warningor other statement required by statutory, regulationsor ordinances:

METHYL ACRYLATIVETHYL ACRYLATE(Inhibitedwith— -... -—-------)

WARNING : FL4MMABLEVAPOURHARMFULMAY lRRITA~ SKIN AND EYES

Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame.Keep containers closed.Use only with adequate ventilation.Avoid breathing vapour.Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.

In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes withplenty of water for at least 15rein; for eyes, get medicalattention. Remove and wash contaminated clothingbefore reuse.

NOTE-The same label is recommended for ethyl acrylate.

73 ‘Ikansport

7.3.1 Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate is usuallytransported through pipeline and tankers. Tank lorries

should conform to the Static and Mobile PressureVessels (Unfired) [SMPV(U)], Rules 1981 and shouldbe approved and licensed by the Chief Controller ofExplosives.

7.3.2 Proper working, a label and signs should beworked on the tanker. The tanker shall have a placardclass label of “Flammable”. A slight higher pressureabove atmosphere should be maintained inside the filledtanker out of contact with air or oxygen. Two fireextinguishers should be fixed on each tank lorry.

8 TANK CLEANING/REPAIRS

8.1 Preparationof Tankand Equipment

8.1.1 Tank cleaning should be under the direction ofthoroughly qualified supervisor who are fully familiarwith all the hazards and the safeguards necessary forthe safe performance of work.

8.1.2 It should be ascertained that all sources ofignition have been eliminated from the vicinity of thetank. All pipelines to the tank should be disconnectedand all connecting lines should be blanked off.Agitators, if any, should be disconnected or lockedoff. Methyl acrylate or etlq 1 acrylate vapours beingheavier than air, will flow out of bottom openings andmay travel considerable distances to sources ofignition. Provisions shall be made regarding this hazard.

8.13 Tanks and equipment, pumps, lines and valvesshould always be drained and thoroughly flushed withwater before being repaired. Workmen should neverbe allowed to attempt to repair equipment while it is inoperation and the lines full. If pipe sections are to beremoved and flanged opened, the lower bolts shouldbe loosened first and although the lines have beenflushed, care should be taken to avoid personal contactwith the liquiddraining or dripping from the equipment.Spillage fmm the lines or equipment should be removedimmediately by flushing to the drain with largequantities of water.

8.1.4 Except in large tanks, steam is recommended forremoving vapours and accumulations from tanks. Thesteam lines should be large enough to raise the tanktemperature above the boiling point of methyl acrylateand ethyl acrylate and the steaming should becontinued until all vapours have bet n removed. If steamis not available, the tank maybe flushed by filling withwater and draining to the sewer.“Thisprocedure shouldbe repeated several times. After the tank has beensteamed, it should be cooled, preferably by filling withwater and draining. The volatilized methyl acrylate orethyl acrylate in the steam effluent should not be ofsufficient concentration to contaminate the work areain excess of safe limits. The steam and water lineshould be (electrically connected) to the tank shell toprevent the accumulation of static electricity.

6

4

m 8.1.5 The tank should then be purged with fresh airand the atmosphere in the tank tested with an approvedcomlmstible gas taking the sample for the test from thebottom of the tank. If the gas indicator shows that anyflammable vapours are present, the steaming andwashing operation should be repeated until the tank isfree of all flammable vapours.

b8.2 Entering Tank

8.2.1 No one should enter a tank or confined space\until a work permit has been signed by an authorizedperson indicating that the area has been tested forabsence of toxic gas and for sufficiency of oxygen andfound to be safe. Furthermore, no workmen shouldenter a tank or vessel that does not have a manhole oropening large enough to admit a person wearing asafety harness, life line and emergency respiratoryequipment. It should be ascertained that the tank orvessel may be left by the original entrance. One manon the outside of the tank should keep the men in thetank under observation and another man should beavailable nearby to aid in rescue if any of the men in thetank are overcome.

8.2.2 A supplied-air respirator or self-containedi’

~

breathing apparatus together with rescue harness andlife line should always be located outside the tank

m entrance for rescue purposes, regardless of the type of,.. respiratory equipment or air supply which is provided

_.-. for employees inside the tank.

,, 8.2.3 Special ventilation is recommended during the

—’ entire time when men are cleaning, repairing orinspecting the tank. Ventilation may be accomplishedby exhausting or removing vapours from the bottom ofthe tank either through its bottom openings or bymeans of a large flexible duct where tanks have a topopening only. The blowers or air movers used forventilation to ensure against oxygen deficiency shouldbe sparkproof and they should be cleaned frequentlyso that moving parts will not setup frictional heat whichmay cause ignition of the vapour. On tanks havingonly a top opening, care shall be exercised to insurecomplete removal of vapours from the entire tank, Careshall also be taken to avoid having exhaust gasesrecycled into the tank.

8.2.4 During the course of the work, frequent testsshould be made to determine that the atmosphere inthe tank is being maintained within a safe range. Thisprecaution is necessary because residues notcompletely removed by washing may recontaminationthe tank atmosphere. Tests for oxygen sufficiencyshould also be made.

8.3 Emergency Rescue

Under no circumstances should a rescuer enter a tankto remove a victim of over-exposure without proper

IS 14985:2001

respiratory protection, a safety harness and an attachedlife line. The free end of the life line should be mannedby an attendant located outside of the tank. Anotherattendant should be immediately available to assist inthe rescue, if needed. The rescuer should be in view ofthe outside attendant at all times or in constantcommunication with him.

8.4 Repairing Work

8.4.1 Exterior tank repair, including repairs to steamcoils, cutting, riveting and welding, should be permittedonly after thorough cleaning and testing of the tank tomake sure it is free of vapours and after a work permithas been issued by an authorized person. Repeatedtests with an approved combustible gas meter shouldbe made to fully protect the workmen.

8.4.2 All outside welding or burning on tanks orequipment which have contained methyl acrylate orethyl acrylate should be done only after such containershave been completely purged with steam. Purgingshould be continued while repair work is in progressand frequent checks made as for internal work. Fillingclean, empty tanks with water or with inett gas is alsosatisfactory for outside work.

8.4.3 In all cases, if repair work is interrupted, the tankatmosphere should be checked thoroughly and a newwork permit issued before resumption of work.

8.4.4 When it is necessary to remove polymer fromthe equipment, the section should be removed to anisolated burning-area and the polymer burned off bymeans of a torch. Polymer should not be burned froma confined section, such as condenser tubes, unless ahole is drilled completely through the polymer to permitthe combustion gases to escape.

9 SPJLIu4GE/LEAKAGEAND WASTEDISPOSAL

9.1 Spillage/Leakage

9.1.1 If leaks or spills occur, only properly protectedpersonnel should enter the area.

9.1.2 Frequent equipment inspections should be madeto detector prevent leaks.

9.1.3 Spilled methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate shouldnever be left unattended. Immediately flush with largequantity of water; but excessive quantity of thesemonomers should not be permitted to enter drains orsewers where there is a danger of vapours becomingignited, or of contaminating public water supply. Thesechemicals in the monomeric stage, will impart taste andodour to water supplies at low concentrations.

9.1.4 Leak containers should be removed to outdoorsor to an isolated, well ventilated area and the contentstransferred to other suitable containers.

7

IS 14985:2001

9.2 Waste Disposal

9.2.1 Waste disposal ofmethyl acrylate, ethyl acrylateand materials reacted or contaminated with themdepends to a great extent on local conditions. Thechemicals, in the monomeric state, even at lowconcentration will impart taste and odour to water. Besure that all state and local regulations regarding healthand pollution are observed.

9.2.2 Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate waste in diluteconcentrations is readily decomposed and taste andodour properties destroyed by biological oxidationsystems employed by industrial waste and local sewagetreatment plants to which they maybe sent for disposal.High concentrations of these wastes maybe burned.

9.2.3 Waste mixtures containing methyl acrylate orethyl acrylate should not be allowed to enter a drain orsewer system in which vapours could accumulate andbecome ignited.

10 FIRE FIGHTING

10.1 Fires involving methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylatemay be extinguished with carbon dioxide, dry chemical,vaporizing liquids and foam. Water spray is effectivefor controlling methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate fues inopen containers when properly applied.

10.1.1 When fires occur in the vicinity of methylacrylate and ethyl acrylate storage areas it is particularlyimportant to cool the tanks or drums with water hosestreams since the exposure heat from the fire may besufficient to induce polymerization even though it isbelow the actual ignition temperature of the monomers.

10.1.2 When fighting fires involving methyl acrylateor ethyl acrylate, firemen should be equipped withstandard fireman’s clothing plus adequate eyeprotection. If fire-fighting involves work in close orconfined quarters, the firemen shall be equipped withproper respiratory protection.

11TRAINING AND HEALTH MONITORING

11.1 EmployeeEducation and Tkahdng

11.1.1 Methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate do not poseserious industrial hazards when their use is properlycontrolled through the application of engineeringmeasures and workers are provided with properprotective equipment and are effectively instructed andsupervised in proper handling procedures.

11.1.2 Safety in handling methyl acrylate and ethylacrylate depends to a great extent upon theeffectiveness of employee education, proper safetyinstructions, intelligent supervision and the use ofsafety equipment.

11.1.2.1 The education and training of employees inwork safely and to use of the personal protectiveequipment or other safeguards provided for them isthe responsibility of supervision. Training classes forboth new and old employees should be conductedperiodically to maintain a high degree of safety inhandling procedures. .Workers should be thoroughlyinformed of the hazards that may result from improperhandling of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate. Theyshould be cautioned to prevent spills and thoroughlyinstructed regarding proper actions to be taken againstthem. Each employee should know what to do in anemergency and should be fully informed about first-aid measures.

11.2 Health Monitoring

11.2.1 Preventive Health Measures

Methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate are not seriousindustrial hazards, if workers are adequately instructedand supervised in proper means of handling thesechemicals.

11.2.1.1 Personal hygiene

Personnel should be instructed and equipmentdesigned to avoid contact with acrylates in liquid orvapour phase. Where excessive contact is unavoidable,adequate personal protective devices as describedin 6.6 should be used. The necessity for immediateemergency under shower and prompt removal of allcontaminated clothing following massive skin contactshall be stressed. Even minor splashes shall be washedoff promptly and contaminated apparel shall bedecontaminated. Particularly leather goods such asshoes and gloves, shall be removed, thoroughlywashed and dried or laundered before wearing again.Adequate emergency showers, wash-up facilities andeye wash fountains should be available in accessiblelocations in areas where these acrylates are handled.Employees should be instructed to report promptly allsymptoms such as irritation of eyes, nose and throator lung congestion.

11.2.1.2 Physical e.wminations

a)

b)

Preplacement examinations — Preplacementexaminations are advisable for all personshandling methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate. It maybe advisable to exclude those persons havingchronic or pm-existing diseases of the lungs, liverand kidneys from contact with methyl acrylateor ethyl acrylate. Persons with eye infections orconjunctivitis should not be exposed to acrylatevapours.Periodic health examinations — Employeesregularly exposed to acrylates should haveperiodic medical evaluation.

8

IS 14985:2001

12 FIRST AID physician. Never attempt to give anything by mouth

First aid should be started at once in all cases of massiveto an unconscious patient,

exposure or contact with methyl acrylate or ethyl 12.5 Suggestions to Physiciansacrylate. Refer case to a physician.

12.5.1 Signs and symptoms of mucous membrance12.1 Contact with Skin and Mucous Membranes irritation and neurosis may be present following acute

Spills on skin or mucous membranes shall be washedexposure to methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate. These

off promptly with copious quantity of water. Removesymptoms are not specific. Treatment is symptomatic

clothing and continue washing with water and soap.and no specific antidotes are known.

Pay particular attention to hair, ears and other portions 12.5.2 Oxygen Administrationof body where chemical may not be easily flushed off.Contaminated clothing should not be re-worn until it is

12.5.2.1 Oxygen has been found useful in the treatment

laundered.of inhalation exposures of many chemicals, especiallythose capable of causing either immediate or delayed

12.2 Contact with Eyes harmful effects in the lungs.

If methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate has entered the 12.5.2.2 In most exposures, administration of 100eyes, they should be washed promptly with copious percent oxygen at atmospheric pressures has beenquantities of water for at least 15min. Medical attention found to be adequate. This ‘is best accomplished byshould be obtained promptly. use of a face mask connected to the cylinder containing

12.3 Taken Internallyoxygen. Inhalation of 100 percent oxygen should notexceed one hour of continuous treatment. After that

A physician should be called at once. Vomiting should each therapy may be interrupted. It maybe reinstitutedbe induced by giving large quantities of warm salt as the clinical condition indicates.solution or by having the patient place his finger in theback of his throat. When retching and vomiting begin,place the patient face down with his head lower thanhips to prevent the vomits from entering the lungs.Keep the patien~warm and comfortable. Oxygen maybe administered as directed by the physician, ifsymptoms warrant it.

12.5.2.3 Some believe that superior results areobtained when exposure to lung irritants are treatedwith oxygen under an exhalation pressure not exceeding

4 cm water. Masks providing for such exhalationpressures are obtainable. A single treatment may sufficefor minor exposures to irritants. It is believed by someobservers that oxygen under pressure is useful as an

12.4 Inhalation aid in the prevention of pulmonary edema after

12.4.1 A worker who has been overcome by methylbreathing irritants.

acrylate or ethyl acrylate shall be carried at once into 12.5.2.4 In the event of an exposure causingan uncontaminated atmosphere and effective artificial symptoms or in the case of a history of severe exposure,respiration initiated~inmediately if breathing has ceased. the patient may be treated with oxygen under 4 cmA physician should be called at once. exhalation pressure for one and a half hour periods out

12,4.2 If oxygen inhalation apparatus is available,of every hour. Treatment maybe continued in this way

oxygen should be administered, but only by a personuntil symptoms subside or other clinical indicationsfor interruption appear.

authorized for such duty by a physician.

/

12.4.3 The patient should be kept warm but not hot.Stimulants will rarely be necessary where adequate

CAIJTZOh’ : It may not be advisable to administer oxygenunder positive pressure in the presence of impending or

oxygenation is maintained. Any such drugs for shock existing cardiovascular failure.

treatment should be given only by an attending

I I

IS 14985:2001

ANNEX A

( Foreword)

COMMllTEE COMIWMTION

Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 7

Organization

Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad

Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

Central Warehousing Corporation, New Delhi

Century Rayon, Kalyan

Development Commissioner (SS1), New Delhi ‘

Department of Explosives, Nagpur

Directorate General of Factory Advice Services &Labour Institute, Mumbai

Excel Industries Limited, Mumbai

Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited, Raaayani

Hindustan Lever Limited, Mumbai

Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, New Delhl

Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Birbhadra

Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited, Vadodara

Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow

Ministry of Defence (DGOF), Kolkata

Ministry of Defence (DGQA), New Delhi

Ministry of Defence (R&D), New Delhl

Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi

Ministry of Industry, Department of Industrial Policy &Promotion, New Delhi

National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad

National Organic Chemicals Limited, Mumbai

National Safety Council, Mumbai

Oil Industries Safety Directorate, Mumbai

Projects & Development (1) Limited, Sindri

SIEL, Chemical Complex, Punjab

Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation, Chennai

Tata AIG Risk Management Services Limited, Mumbai

BIS Directorate General

Representative(s)

DRK. V. RAGHAVAN( Chairman )

SHRtP. K. GHOSH

DRB. N. RATHI

R5w3FNrm

DRK. V.RAMALINGAMSHRtJAYANTAADHtA(Alternate)

SHRM411SUNrrA

DRH. MuxHrmrEs

SHSUS. S.GA~AMDR BRUMOHAN(Alternate)

SHRtP. M. KAIUASHIUMOHANPATtL(Alternate)

SHRIV.H. CHUDAMANISHraA. G. SSSHAN(Alternate),

DRA. BHASXARSHRIA, JHAVAR(Alternate)

SHSUV.N. DAS

SHRtK. R. SHASMA

SHIUJ. N. SHARMA

DR P. N. VWWANATHAN

SHRtV.R. J.usrmrASHruR. VENUOOPAL(Alternate)

SHRIM. S. SULTANIASHRIK. G. NtOAM(Alternate)

h ~ S. VENKATARAMANIDR A. K. SAXENA(Alternate)

DR M. %NOOPTADR(Ms) INDRANtCHANDRASHEXHARAN(Alternate)

SHStM. P. SUSGHSHRtN. C. TIWARI(Alternate)

DR D. J. PAIUXHDR T. S. PA~ (Alternate)

DRB. V. BAPATSHRSM. B. SURVE(Alternate)

SHRIP. M. RAOSHruV. B. PATU(Alternate)

REPsmmrm

Smu A. C. SRtVASTAVA

SHRIA. K. MEHRA

SHtUT. S. KRtSHNANSHRIJ. I? AZAIUAHWINSTON(Alternate)

SHRtAJAYPANCHALSHRtSADHANMURHSRSEE(Alternate)

SHRSLANNDERSINGH, Director& Head (CHD)[Representing Director General (Ex-o#7cio)]

Member-SecretarySHrON. K. PAL

Dkector (CHD), BIS

10

(Continued on page 11)

/

IS 14985:2001

(Continued from page 10)

Explosive/Flatntnable Substances Subcommittee, CHD 7:2

Organization

Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited, Vadodara

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

Centre for Environment& Explosives Safety, DRDO,Delhi

Department of Explosive, Nagpur

Directorate General of Factory Advice & Lahour Institute,Kolkata

Directorate General of Ordinance Factory, Kolkata

Directorate General Mines Safety, Dhanbad

ICI L]mited (Explosives Division), Kolkata

IDL Industries Limited, Hyderabad

Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, New Delhi

Loss Prevention Association, Mumbai

Ministry of Defence (DGQA), Pune

Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi

National Organic Chemical Industries Limited, Mumbai

Oil Industry Safety Dkectorate, New Delhi

Representative(s)

SHRtJ. N. SHARMA( Converser)

DRB. N. RATHI

DR A. K. BHALLADR K. S. UPPAL(Alternate)

SHtUS. K. BHARDWAJ

DRA. K. MAJGMDERSHRtK. BALUUBRAMANIAN(Alterrrate)

DR D. R. MISHRA

SHIUA. K. GUPTA

RmsmmTmvE

Smt M. RAMAXRSSHNADR R. SUNDARRAJAN(Alternate)

SHRSV. N. DAS

SHIUABHMTDASSHRtP. T. DEOTALE(Alternate)

SHRtN. V. Pru.%tDR. A. K. SARANGI(Alternate)

%uMAn S~A JrNDAL

DRB. V. BAPATSHtuM. B. SGRVE(Alternate)

~A~

11

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of stardardization, marking and quality certification of goods andattending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course ofimplementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issueof’ BIS Handbook’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This lndian Standard has been developed from DOC: No. CHD 7 ( 9197).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text AffectedII

1,,.

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSKHeadquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zaf% Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: ManaksansthaTelephones: 3230131,3233375,3239402 (Common to all offices)

Regional Offices: Telephone

Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3237617,3233841

NEW DELHI 110002

Eastern : 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi{

3378499,3378561

CALCUTTA 700054 3378626,3379120

Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022{

603843602025

Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113{

2541216,25414422542519,2541315

Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East){

8329295,8327858

MUMBAI 400093 8327891,8327892

Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR.CO IMBATORE, FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI .HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR.NALAGARH, PATNA. PUNE. R.AJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi