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है”ह”ह

IS 12529 (1988): Storage of Foodgrains - Storage Losses byInsects - Methods for Estimation [FAD 16: Foodgrains,Starches and Ready to Eat Foods]

Indian Standard

IS 12529 : 1988

STORAGE OF FOODGRAINS - STORAGE LOSSES BY INSECTS - METHODS FOR

ESTIMATION

UDC 631’563 [ 633-l ] : 632’7 : 631’164’28

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

May 1989 Price Group 1

0 BIS 1989

Storage Structures and Storage Management Sectional Committee, AFDC 28

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 29 December 1988, after the draft finalized by the Storage Structures and Storage Management Sectional Committee had been approved by the Agricultural and Food Products Division Council.

The word ‘loss’ has been defined by the committee on losses of foodgrains during post harvest handling as, reduction in food supply brought about~by either reduction in weight or deterioration between two handlings and on the whole between two handlings between production and consumption. There are considerable losses during storage by insects, rodents, micro-organisms, birds and mites. Lack of adequate storage facilities rnd knowledge of safe storage cause enormous losses in quality and quantity. The assess- ment of storagelosses at farm level or in commercial warehouses caused by stored grain insect pests has, since long been an intricate problem. Though various methods and number of formulae have been used to estimate the storage losses by insect, no standard procedures for estimating stora~ge losses due to insects have been laid down which may be uniformly accepted and utilized by all agencies engaged in this work.

This standard, therefore, gives the important formulae used for the estimation of storage losses due to insect pests.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( redSed)'.

\ .7

. . _

3s 1253 : I988

Indian Standard

STORAGE OF FOODGRAIN~ - STORAGE LOSSES BY INSECTS - METHODS FOR

ESTIMATION

I SCOPE

This standard lays down the methods for estimation ofstorage losses in foodgrains by insects.

2 REFERENCES

The following Indian Standards are necessary ~adjuncts to this standard:

IS No. Title

IS 28 13 : 1970 Terminology for foodgrains (first revision )

IS 2814 : 1978 Method for sampling of smaller size foodgrains (Jirst revision >

IS 3714 : 1978 Method for sampling of bigger size foodgrains ( jirst revision )

3 TERMINOLOGY .

For the purpose of this standard the definitions given in IS 2813 : 1970 shall apply.

4 METHODS

Four methods have been laid down for estimation of storage losses by insects. Any of these may be used.

4-l Weevilled and Germ-Eaten,Grain Counting Method

4.1.1 Sample Size

A sample size of 50 grams shall be drawn in accor- dance with the methods prescribed in IS 2814 : 1978 or IS 3714 : 1978, as the case may be.

4.1.2 Procedure

Draw a random sample of 100 grains from the repre- sentative sample described in 4.1.1. Then count the number of weevilled grains and germ-eaten grains separately and weigh them. Also count 100 healthy grains from the representative sample described in 4&l and weigh them.

4.1.3 Calculation

Percent mass loss = (w+G) - $+ (W,+G,)

where

W = percentage by number of weevilled grains,

G = percentage by number of germ-eaten grains,

WI = mass of W kernels in grams,

G1 = mass of G kernels in grams, and

S = mass of 100 healthy kernels.

4.2 By Comparing Healthy Grains and Damaged Grains

4.2.1 Sample Size

A sample size of 50 grams .shall be drawn in accor- dance with the methods prescribed in IS 2814 : 1978 or IS 3714 : 1978, as the case may be.

4.2.2 Procedure

Draw a random sample of 100 grains from the rePre- sentative sample described in 4.2.1. Then count the number of damaged grains in it and weigh fhem. Then count equal number of healthy grains and weigh them. Also count 100 healthy grains from the representative sample described in 4.2.1 and weigh them.

4.2.3 Cahdation

Percent mass loss = ~XIOO

where

n = mass of the equal number of healthy grains in grams,

1z1 = mass of the number of damaged grains in 100 grains in grams, and

n2 = mass of 100 healthy grains in grams.

4.3 Counting and Weigbing Method

4.3-I Sample Size

A sample size of 50 grams or 1 000 grains shall be drawn in accordance with the methods prescribed in IS 2814 : 1978 or IS 3714 : 1978, as the case may be.

4.3.2 Equipment

a) l~(%‘lring hahme - 0’5 grams to 1.5 kilograms range with an accuracy of 0’1 gram.

b) Enamelledplate

1

IS 12529 : 1988

43.3 Procedure

The 1000 grains drawn as per the procedure described in 4.3.1 shall be separated into undamaged and damaged categories. Then count the grains of each category and weigh them. Record the following data:

a) Mass of 1 000 grains,

b) Number and mass of undamaged grains, and

c) Number and mass of damaged grains.

4.3.4 Calculation

Percent mass loss = (UN4 - P.Nu)

where

U = mass of undamaged grains in grams;

Nd = number of damaged grains;

D = mass of damaged grains, in grams; and

Nu = number of undamaged grains.

4.4 Standard Volume/Mass Method

4.4.1 Sample Size

A sample size of 50 grams shall be drawn in accor- dance with the method prescribed in IS 2814 : 1978 or IS 3714 : 1978, as the case may be.

4.4.2 Equipment

a>

b)

cl

4

Test mafs apparatus - For obtaining the stan-

the mean of the readings. Convert the mass to dry mass using the moisture content with the following , formula:

Moisture content on dry basis = -Fe x 130 m

where W, = mass of moisture in grams, and

wdm = mass~of dry matter in grams.

4.4.3.3 From the graph, find the dry mass of the sample at the same moisture content taken at the time of storage.

If the moisture content and the dry mass of the sample was 12’0 percent, and 600 grams respectively, then on referring to Fig. 1 the dry mass would be 680 grams.

I I I I I

10 12 11 IS 18 dardized volume Of grains. PERC_ENT MOISTURE CONTENT

Weighing balance - 0’5 to 1’5 khgrams FIG. 1 STANDARD BASELINE CURVE FOR DRY MASS range with an accuracy of 0’1 gram. OFAFIXEDVOLUMEOFGRAIN AT DIFFERENT

Moisture meter MOISTURECONTENTS

Percent mass loss Sieve - For removal of insects, dust and other foreign matter. = Dry mass from graph - Dry mass of sample x loo

Dry mass from graph

= 680- 600 x 100 680

4.4.3 Procedure

4.4.3.1 ~Form a base line figure between different moisture content and dry mass of foodgrains.

80 x 100 = 680

4.4.3.2 Sieve the sample and measure the moisture = ‘la8 content. Measure the mass of a volume of the sample from the volume container. Repeat thrice and take

This is the dry mass loss which by definition excludes moisture content changes.

2

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-

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Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the

Dot : No. AFDC 78 ( 2793 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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