irrigation reforms in andhra pradesh - world...
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Irrigation Reforms in Andhra Pradesh
CVSK SarmaSecretary Irrigation, GOAP
J. Raymond PeterED, INPIM
5th March, Water WeekThe World Bank, Washington DC
Andhra Pradeshn Area 0.275 m. Km2
n population (2001) 75.7 millions
n Density of population 275 / Km2
n Rural Population 72.92% (Agril)
n Urban population 27.08%
n GSDP growth rate 6.75%/ 5.20%
n Per Capita Income Growth
n 5.70%/ 3.60%
n Average landholding (IA) 0.88ha
n Total irrigated area 4.84m.ha
n Ground water 2.1 m.ha pvt.
Andhra Pradesh – Visionn Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive,
Transparent(SMART) Govt. n Committed to eradicate within a time frame
n poverty n illiteracyn inequality
n Process of economic liberalizationn Reforms through Stake holders participation in natural
resources managementn Articulated the Vision 2020 – identified 14 growth
engines
Irrigation Reforms - Highlightsn APFMIS ACT
n The first Legislation of its kind in India.
n A unique legislation for farmers
n Seeks to bring about Irrigation Management Transfer.
n Brings greater accountability in the irrigation department.
n Competent Authority
n WUA’s - Administrative, functional ,financial Autonomy
n Hydraulic basis, 5 years tenure, recall, elections, detailed rules
n Conflict resolutionn Resources of the FO
Major Medium Minor
DC
PC
WUA WUA WUA
PC
1699
413
8180
Major Medium Minor
WUAs. Sector wise.
Irrigation Potential Created
3.2
0.33
1.2
Major Medium Minor
Activities of WUAsØ Walk-through Surveys for diagnosis of irrigation systemsØ General Body meetings & MC meetingsØ Cropping patternØ Water Management & water budgeting Ø Resolving disputes among farmers Ø Joint Azmoish for water tax collectionØ O & M works with collective participationØ Maintenance of Accounts Ø Financial & Social AuditingØ Training & motivation
Achievements in PIMn Bridging gap ayacut (10.076 lakh ha)
n Timely supply of water-early transplantation
n Increase in yield (10%)
n Works execution at estimated cost by WUAs eliminating contractors -reduction in cost by
20%
n Resolution of disputes
n Improved drainage & execution of minor drains
n Capacity building
n Administrative reforms
n Merging irrigation and drainage wings
n Merging construction, O&M and CADA wings
n Rationalize staff distribution
n Closure of mechanical units
n Direct Contracting proceduresNSP
Evaluation Parameters§No. of General Body Meetings held
§Maintenance of Records
§ Conduct of Joint Azmoish
§ Increase in Irrigated Area
§Water Utilisation
§ Development Works
§Water Tax Demand-Collection.
§Development Expenditure
§ Auditing of accounts and General Body approval
§ Training Programmes
Major Projects84
231
1019
Status of General Body Meetings conducted by WUAs
Medium Projects9
97
233
State Wide
93
328
1252
No Meetings
One Meeting
2 and Above
State Wide = 1669
Major = 1332
Medium = 337
(17 %)
(6.5%)
(76.5 %)
(2.6%)
(28.3%)
(69.1%)
(20 %)
(5%)
(75 %)
Maintenance of RegistersMaintenance of Registers
State Wide
1536 1503 1547 1358 1257
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1
No.
of W
UA
s
AS TS C B CHQ
Major Projects
1258 1227 12531110 1062
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1
No
. of W
UA
s
Medium Projects
278 276 294 248 195
0
100
200
300
400
1
No
. o
f W
UA
s
State Wide = 1669
Major = 1332
Medium = 337
92 % 90 % 93 % 81 % 75 %
94 % 92 % 94 % 83 % 80 %82 % 82 % 87 % 74 % 58 %
AS = Admn. Sanctions
TS = Tech. Sanctions
C = Cash
B = Bills
CHQ = Cheques
Major Projects
1045
289
Medium Projects
138
201
State Wide
1183
490
YES
NO
Joint Azmoish conducted with Revenue DeptJoint Azmoish conducted with Revenue Dept..
State Wide = 1669
Major = 1332
Medium = 337
(78 %)
(22%)
(60%)
(40%)
(29%)
(71%)
Major Projects
540
792
Medium Projects
148
189
State Wide
688
981
NO
YES
WUAs reported increase or consistency in AyacutWUAs reported increase or consistency in Ayacut
State Wide = 1669
Major = 1332
Medium = 337
(60%)
(40%)
(56%)
(44%)
(59%)
(41%)
Development works completedDevelopment works completed
State Wide
1216
37 103313
0
500
1000
1500
1
No.
of W
UA
s
Above 90% 70 - 90% 50 - 70% Below 50%
Major Projects
1027
34 57214
0
200
400600800
1000
1200
1
No
. o
f W
UA
sMedium Projects
189
3
46
99
0
50
100
150
200
1
No
. of
WU
As
State Wide = 1669
Major = 1332
Medium = 337
77 % 3% 4 % 16%
73 % 2 % 6 % 19 %
56 % 1 % 14 % 29 %
Amendments to the APFMIS Actn WUA’s to be made a continuous body with 1/3 members retiring every
two yearsn Extending WUAs to all areas including new constructions
n Minimize monopoly by the Presidents of WUAsn Tenure two years from the date of electionn Indirect election to the President from amongst TC membersn Increasing the number of TC members to 6 in Minor and 12 in Major
n Greater clarity in areas hitherto ambiguousn Recall powers vested with the competent authorityn Arising vacancies to be filled up locally from amongst the membersn Greater clarity of roles for the ID at different levels.
n Simplification of proceduresn Electionsn Filling up of vacancies localizedn subcommittees
VicePresident
Farmers (Land holders)
Structural Changes in WUAsWUA Setup Existing New WUA Setup
4 to 10 TCs
GB ofPC
Elects
President TCsElect + -
President
MC ofPC
Elects
Elects
President VicePresident
MC of
DCElects Elects
President Vice President
MC ofWUA
Elects
TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8 ……………TC14
Elects
ChairmanElectsPC
MC MEMBE
RSPresident GB of
DC
Elects
DCMax 4+1 Min 1+1
MCMEMBE
RSElects Max
8+1 Min
WUAMax 10+1 Min 4+1
MCMEMBE
RS
TC6 TC7 TC8 TC9 TC10
Farmers (Land holders)
TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5
GB of PC
MC of WUA
Emerging issues
n Policy and Managementn Changing practices (incentives)n Changing Technologyn Economic Developmentn Scale Issues (individual, community, region
state, national, international)n Regulations (Water-quality standards,
waste treatment and disposal, water abstraction, water use)
n Holistic view towards water.n Stakeholders driven planning.n Greater sensitivity to
Environment/Gender/Equity.n River basin approach for Interventions.n Promoting Greater Water use efficiency &
Conservation of water – jala Jagruthin Diversification of Agriculture driven by
market prices.
Future phase of reforms
Lessons Learnt
Important Signposts of AP Reformn June 96 – White Papern June 96 – March 97 Public
Consultationsn April 97 – Tripling of Water
chargesn July 1997 – APFMIS Actn July 97- elections to WUAsn October 97 – training to WUAsn April – June 98 O&M works by
WUAsn May 98 Irrigation Sector Policyn April 99 – June 99 O&M works
by WUAsn April 99 World Bank/APERP
Project – WUA linkage
n Dec 99- V International seminar on PIM
n 1998 - Teleconferences and Videoconferences(1999)
n 1999 - Vision 2020n 1999 - Cabinet subcommittee
to review functioning of WUAsn 2000 - WUA sadassus for
obtaining feed back and remediation
n 2002 - Changes in Act and Procedures.
n 2003 – next round of electionsn 2003 - Piloting water service
agencies & river basin organizations
Lessons Learntn AP reforms break new ground in India
n Several states in India have tried to structure similar initiatives on the lines of AP
n Rajasthan, UP, Goa, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan etc.n AP has become a role model for Indian States
n Myth of increasing water charges overcome – especially when linked to meaningful outcomes
n A legal framework gives appropriate directionn Political will – a dynamic Chief Ministern Continuous dialogue with WUAs, Government, Bankn Role of the median ID could be an agent of changen Reform is certainly not an easy Process!