iris image data

Upload: misal

Post on 10-Mar-2016

224 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

Iris image data

TRANSCRIPT

  • %5,7,6+ 67$1'$5'

    %6 ,62,(&

    ,QIRUPDWLRQ

    WHFKQRORJ\%LRPHWULF

    GDWD LQWHUFKDQJH

    IRUPDWV

    3DUW ,ULV LPDJH GDWD

    ,&6

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • %6 ,62,(&

    7KLV %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUG ZDV

    SXEOLVKHG XQGHU WKH DXWKRULW\

    RI WKH 6WDQGDUGV 3ROLF\ DQG

    6WUDWHJ\ &RPPLWWHH

    RQ -XO\

    %6, -XO\

    ,6%1

    1DWLRQDO IRUHZRUG

    7KLV %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUG UHSURGXFHV YHUEDWLP ,62,(& DQG

    LPSOHPHQWV LW DV WKH 8. QDWLRQDO VWDQGDUG

    7KH 8. SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ LWV SUHSDUDWLRQ ZDV HQWUXVWHG WR 7HFKQLFDO &RPPLWWHH

    ,67 %LRPHWULFV ZKLFK KDV WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ WR

    $ OLVW RI RUJDQL]DWLRQV UHSUHVHQWHG RQ WKLV FRPPLWWHH FDQ EH REWDLQHG RQ

    UHTXHVW WR LWV VHFUHWDU\

    &URVVUHIHUHQFHV

    7KH %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV ZKLFK LPSOHPHQW LQWHUQDWLRQDO SXEOLFDWLRQV UHIHUUHG WR

    LQ WKLV GRFXPHQW PD\ EH IRXQG LQ WKH %6, &DWDORJXH XQGHU WKH VHFWLRQ HQWLWOHG

    ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUGV &RUUHVSRQGHQFH ,QGH[ RU E\ XVLQJ WKH 6HDUFK

    IDFLOLW\ RI WKH %6, (OHFWURQLF &DWDORJXH RU RI %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV 2QOLQH

    7KLV SXEOLFDWLRQ GRHV QRW SXUSRUW WR LQFOXGH DOO WKH QHFHVVDU\ SURYLVLRQV RI D

    FRQWUDFW 8VHUV DUH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU LWV FRUUHFW DSSOLFDWLRQ

    &RPSOLDQFH ZLWK D %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUG GRHV QRW RI LWVHOI FRQIHU LPPXQLW\

    IURP OHJDO REOLJDWLRQV

    DLG HQTXLUHUV WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH WH[W

    SUHVHQW WR WKH UHVSRQVLEOH LQWHUQDWLRQDO(XURSHDQ FRPPLWWHH DQ\

    HQTXLULHV RQ WKH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RU SURSRVDOV IRU FKDQJH DQG NHHS 8.

    LQWHUHVWV LQIRUPHG

    PRQLWRU UHODWHG LQWHUQDWLRQDO DQG (XURSHDQ GHYHORSPHQWV DQG

    SURPXOJDWH WKHP LQ WKH 8.

    6XPPDU\ RI SDJHV

    7KLV GRFXPHQW FRPSULVHV D IURQW FRYHU DQ LQVLGH IURQW FRYHU WKH ,62,(& WLWOH

    SDJH SDJHV LL WR Y D EODQN SDJH SDJHV WR DQG D EDFN FRYHU

    7KH %6, FRS\ULJKW QRWLFH GLVSOD\HG LQ WKLV GRFXPHQW LQGLFDWHV ZKHQ WKH

    GRFXPHQW ZDV ODVW LVVXHG

    $PHQGPHQWV LVVXHG VLQFH SXEOLFDWLRQ

    $PG 1R 'DWH &RPPHQWV

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • 5HIHUHQFH QXPEHU

    ,62,(& (

    ,17(51$7,21$/

    67$1'$5'

    ,62,(&

    )LUVW HGLWLRQ

    ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ %LRPHWULF GDWD

    LQWHUFKDQJH IRUPDWV

    3DUW

    ,ULV LPDJH GDWD

    7HFKQRORJLHV GH OLQIRUPDWLRQ )RUPDWV GpFKDQJH GH GRQQpHV

    ELRPpWULTXHV

    3DUWLH 'RQQpHV GLPDJH GH OLULV

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • LL

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • &RQWHQWV 3DJH

    )RUHZRUG LY

    ,QWURGXFWLRQY

    6FRSH

    &RQIRUPDQFH

    1RUPDWLYH UHIHUHQFHV

    7HUPV DQG GHILQLWLRQV

    6\PEROV DQG DEEUHYLDWHG WHUPV

    ,ULV LPDJH IRUPDW VSHFLILFDWLRQ

    *HQHUDO

    ,PDJH FRPSUHVVLRQ

    *HQHUDO

    5DZ IRUPDW

    /RVVOHVV FRPSUHVVLRQ IRUPDW

    &RPSUHVVHG IRUPDW

    ,PDJH SUHSURFHVVLQJ

    5HFWLOLQHDU LPDJH SUHSURFHVVLQJ

    3RODU LPDJH SUHSURFHVVLQJ

    ,ULV LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN

    ,ULV KHDGHU VWUXFWXUHV

    ,ULV UHFRUG KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH

    ,ULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH

    +HDGHU FRQVWDQWV

    $QQH[ $ LQIRUPDWLYH ,ULV LPDJH FDSWXUH

    $ ,PDJH TXDOLW\

    $ *HQHUDO

    $ 8QDFFHSWDEOH TXDOLW\

    $ /RZ TXDOLW\

    $ 0HGLXP TXDOLW\

    $ +LJK TXDOLW\

    $ )RFXV TXDOLW\

    $ *UH\VFDOH GHQVLW\

    $ ,OOXPLQDWLRQ

    $ &RQWUDVW

    $ 9LVLEOH LULV

    $ 3L[HO DVSHFW UDWLR

    $ ,PDJH VFDOH

    $ 2SWLFDO GLVWRUWLRQ

    $ 1RLVH

    $ ,PDJH RULHQWDWLRQ

    $ 3UHVHQWDWLRQ

    $QQH[ % LQIRUPDWLYH 6DPSOH LPDJH GDWD UHFRUGV

    % 5HFWLOLQHDU GDWD UHFRUG VDPSOH VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    % 5HFWLOLQHDU GDWD UHFRUG VDPSOH PXOWLSOH H\HV PXOWLSOH LPDJHV

    % 3RODU LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    %LEOLRJUDSK\

    LLL

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • %6 ,62,(&

    )RUHZRUG

    ,62 WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ IRU 6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ DQG ,(& WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO (OHFWURWHFKQLFDO

    &RPPLVVLRQ IRUP WKH VSHFLDOL]HG V\VWHP IRU ZRUOGZLGH VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ 1DWLRQDO ERGLHV WKDW DUH PHPEHUV RI

    ,62 RU ,(& SDUWLFLSDWH LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUGV WKURXJK WHFKQLFDO FRPPLWWHHV

    HVWDEOLVKHG E\ WKH UHVSHFWLYH RUJDQL]DWLRQ WR GHDO ZLWK SDUWLFXODU ILHOGV RI WHFKQLFDO DFWLYLW\ ,62 DQG ,(&

    WHFKQLFDO FRPPLWWHHV FROODERUDWH LQ ILHOGV RI PXWXDO LQWHUHVW 2WKHU LQWHUQDWLRQDO RUJDQL]DWLRQV JRYHUQPHQWDO

    DQG QRQJRYHUQPHQWDO LQ OLDLVRQ ZLWK ,62 DQG ,(& DOVR WDNH SDUW LQ WKH ZRUN ,Q WKH ILHOG RI LQIRUPDWLRQ

    WHFKQRORJ\ ,62 DQG ,(& KDYH HVWDEOLVKHG D MRLQW WHFKQLFDO FRPPLWWHH ,62,(& -7&

    ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUGV DUH GUDIWHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH UXOHV JLYHQ LQ WKH ,62,(& 'LUHFWLYHV 3DUW

    7KH PDLQ WDVN RI WKH MRLQW WHFKQLFDO FRPPLWWHH LV WR SUHSDUH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUGV 'UDIW ,QWHUQDWLRQDO

    6WDQGDUGV DGRSWHG E\ WKH MRLQW WHFKQLFDO FRPPLWWHH DUH FLUFXODWHG WR QDWLRQDO ERGLHV IRU YRWLQJ 3XEOLFDWLRQ DV

    DQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WDQGDUG UHTXLUHV DSSURYDO E\ DW OHDVW RI WKH QDWLRQDO ERGLHV FDVWLQJ D YRWH

    ,62,(& 6 ZDV SUHSDUHG E\ -RLQW 7HFKQLFDO &RPPLWWHH ,62,(& -7& ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\

    6XEFRPPLWWHH 6& %LRPHWULFV

    ,62,(& FRQVLVWV RI WKH IROORZLQJ SDUWV XQGHU WKH JHQHUDO WLWOH ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ %LRPHWULF GDWD

    LQWHUFKDQJH IRUPDWV

    3DUW )UDPHZRUN

    3DUW )LQJHU PLQXWLDH GDWD

    3DUW )LQJHU SDWWHUQ VSHFWUDO GDWD

    3DUW )LQJHU LPDJH GDWD

    3DUW )DFH LPDJH GDWD

    3DUW ,ULV LPDJH GDWD

    7KH IROORZLQJ SDUWV DUH XQGHU SUHSDUDWLRQ

    3DUW 6LJQDWXUHVLJQ EHKDYLRUDO GDWD

    3DUW )LQJHU SDWWHUQ VNHOHWDO GDWD

    LY

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • Y,QWURGXFWLRQ

    7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV GRFXPHQW LV WR GHILQH D VWDQGDUG IRU H[FKDQJH RI LULV LPDJH LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KLV SDUW RI

    ,62,(& FRQWDLQV D VSHFLILF GHILQLWLRQ RI DWWULEXWHV D GDWD UHFRUG IRUPDW IRU VWRULQJ DQG WUDQVPLWWLQJ WKH

    LULV LPDJH DQG FHUWDLQ DWWULEXWHV D VDPSOH UHFRUG DQG FRQIRUPDQFH FULWHULD

    &XUUHQWO\ H[FKDQJH RI LULV LQIRUPDWLRQ EHWZHHQ HTXLSPHQW IURP GLIIHUHQW YHQGRUV FDQ RQO\ EH GRQH XVLQJ D

    ODUJHVFDOH LPDJH RI WKH HQWLUH H\H 7KLV LV H[SHQVLYH LQ VWRUDJH DQG EDQGZLGWK 7R SURYLGH LQWHURSHUDELOLW\

    DPRQJ YHQGRUV LW LV QHFHVVDU\ WR GHILQH D VWDQGDUG FRPSDFW UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI D KXPDQ LULV

    7KH ELRPHWULF GDWD UHFRUG VSHFLILHG LQ WKLV SDUW RI ,62,(& VKDOO EH HPEHGGHG LQ D &%())FRPSOLDQW

    VWUXFWXUH LQ WKH &%()) %LRPHWULF 'DWD %ORFN %'%

    7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ IRU 6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ ,62 DQG WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO (OHFWURWHFKQLFDO &RPPLVVLRQ

    ,(& GUDZ DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH IDFW WKDW LW LV FODLPHG WKDW FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK WKLV GRFXPHQW PD\ LQYROYH WKH XVH RI

    SDWHQWV FRQFHUQLQJ LULV UHFRJQLWLRQ JLYHQ LQ &ODXVH DQGRU AQQH[ $

    7KH ,62 DQG ,(& WDNH QR SRVLWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ WKH HYLGHQFH YDOLGLW\ DQG VFRSH RI WKLV SDWHQW ULJKW

    The holderRI WKLV SDWHQW ULJKW KDV DVVXUHG WKH ,62 DQG ,(& WKDW KHVKH LV ZLOOLQJ WR QHJRWLDWH OLFHQVHV

    underreasonable DQG QRQGLVFULPLQDWRU\ WHUPV DQG FRQGLWLRQV ZLWK DSSOLFDQWV WKURXJKRXW WKH ZRUOG ,Q WKLV

    respect,the statem entoI WKH KROGHU RI WKLV SDWHQW ULJKW LV UHJLVWHUHG ZLWK ,62 DQG ,(& ,QIRUPDWLRQ PD\ EH

    ,ULGLDQ 7HFKQRORJLHV ,QF

    0U 5REHUW /HYLQ &RUSRUDWH &RXQVHO

    1 &KXUFK 6WUHHW

    0RRUHVWRZQ 1- 86$

    $WWHQWLRQ LV GUDZQ WR WKH SRVVLELOLW\ WKDW VRPH RI WKH HOHPHQWV RI WKLV GRFXPHQW PD\ EH WKH VXEMHFW RI SDWHQW

    ULJKWV RWKHU WKDQ WKRVH LGHQWLILHG DERYH ,62 DQG ,(& VKDOO QRW EH KHOG UHVSRQVLEOH IRU LGHQWLI\LQJ DQ\ RU DOO

    VXFK SDWHQW ULJKWV

    %6 ,62,(&

    obtainedfrom :

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • EODQN

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • 6FRSH

    7KLV SDUW RI ,62,(& VSHFLILHV WZR DOWHUQDWLYH LPDJH LQWHUFKDQJH IRUPDWV IRU ELRPHWULF DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ

    V\VWHPV WKDW XWLOL]H LULV UHFRJQLWLRQ

    RU D FRPSUHVVHG IRUPDW VXFK DV WKDW VSHFLILHG E\ ,62,(&

    7KH VHFRQG IRUPDW LV EDVHG RQ D SRODU LPDJH VSHFLILFDWLRQ WKDW UHTXLUHV FHUWDLQ SUHSURFHVVLQJ DQG LPDJH

    VHJPHQWDWLRQ VWHSV EXW SURGXFHV D PXFK PRUH FRPSDFW GDWD VWUXFWXUH WKDW FRQWDLQV RQO\ LULV LQIRUPDWLRQ

    'DWD WKDW FRPSO\ ZLWK HLWKHU RQH RI WKH LULV LPDJH IRUPDWV VSHFLILHG LQ WKLV SDUW RI ,62,(& DUH

    LQWHQGHG WR EH HPEHGGHG LQ D &%())FRPSOLDQW VWUXFWXUH LQ WKH &%()) %LRPHWULF 'DWD %ORFN %'% DV VSHFLILHG

    LQ ,62,(&

    &RQIRUPDQFH

    &RQIRUPLW\ ZLWK WKLV SDUW RI ,62,(& UHTXLUHV FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK RQH RI WKH GDWD IRUPDWV GHVFULEHG LQ

    FODXVH 5HFRPPHQGHG LPDJH TXDOLW\ FULWHULD GHVFULEHG LQ $QQH[ $ DUH H[SUHVVHG LQ WHUPV RI UHVROXWLRQ

    FRQWUDVW QRLVH OHYHO HWF %HFDXVH LULV UHFRJQLWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV PD\ KDYH YDU\LQJ LPDJH TXDOLW\ UHTXLUHPHQWV

    IRXU GLIIHUHQW OHYHOV RI LPDJH TXDOLW\ DUH GHILQHG LQ $QQH[ $ ,Q JHQHUDO WKH KLJKHVW LPDJH TXDOLW\ OHYHO LV

    UHFRPPHQGHG IRU KLJKYROXPH KLJKVHFXULW\ DSSOLFDWLRQV ZKHUH WKH ORZHVW SRVVLEOH UHFRJQLWLRQ HUURU UDWHV

    DUH UHTXLUHG /RZHU OHYHOV RI LPDJH TXDOLW\ DUH DSSURSULDWH IRU OHVV GHPDQGLQJ DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ ZKLFK KLJKHU

    HUURU UDWHV FDQ EH WROHUDWHG EXW FDPHUD FRVW LV D FULWLFDO IDFWRU

    1RUPDWLYH UHIHUHQFHV

    7KH IROORZLQJ UHIHUHQFHG GRFXPHQWV DUH LQGLVSHQVDEOH IRU WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKLV GRFXPHQW )RU GDWHG

    UHIHUHQFHV RQO\ WKH HGLWLRQ FLWHG DSSOLHV )RU XQGDWHG UHIHUHQFHV WKH ODWHVW HGLWLRQ RI WKH UHIHUHQFHG

    GRFXPHQW LQFOXGLQJ DQ\ DPHQGPHQWV DSSOLHV

    ,62,(& ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ &RPPRQ ELRPHWULF H[FKDQJH IRUPDWV IUDPHZRUN 3DUW 'DWD

    ,62,(& DOO SDUWV ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ 'LJLWDO FRPSUHVVLRQ DQG FRGLQJ RI FRQWLQXRXVWRQH VWLOO

    LPDJHV

    ,62,(& DOO SDUWV ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ -3(* LPDJH FRGLQJ V\VWHP

    ,62,(& DOO SDUWV ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ /RVVOHVV DQG QHDUORVVOHVV FRPSUHVVLRQ RI FRQWLQXRXV

    WRQH VWLOO LPDJHV

    ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ %LRPHWULF GDWD

    LQWHUFKDQJH IRUPDWV

    3DUW

    ,ULV LPDJH GDWD

    The firstis based on a rectilinearim age storage form atthatm ay be a raw,uncom pressed array ofintensity values

    HOHPHQW VSHFLILFDWLRQ

    ,62,(& 9794-1 ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ %LRPHWULF GDWD LQWHUFKDQJH IRUPDWV 3DUW )UDPHZRUN

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • ELQDU\ ODUJH REMHFW

    %/2%

    ODUJH EORFN RI ELQDU\ GDWD W\SLFDOO\ DQ LPDJH RU YLGHR ILOH WKDW PD\ KDYH WR EH KDQGOHG LQ D VSHFLDO ZD\

    FRQWLQXRXV WRQH LPDJH

    LPDJH ZKRVH FRPSRQHQWV KDYH PRUH WKDQ RQH ELW SHU VDPSOH

    FURS

    UHGXFH WKH VL]H RI DQ LPDJH E\ UHPRYLQJ XQLPSRUWDQW SDUWV RI LW W\SLFDOO\ WKH RXWHU UHJLRQV

    JUH\ VFDOH

    FRQWLQXRXVWRQH LPDJH WKDW KDV RQH FRPSRQHQW ZKLFK LV OXPLQDQFH

    LULV

    FRORXUHG DQQXODU ULQJ LQ WKH IURQW SRUWLRQ RI WKH H\H FRPSULVHG RI PXVFXODU DQG FRQQHFWLYH WLVVXH DQG SLJPHQW

    FHOOV WKDW GHILQHV DQG FRQWUROV WKH FHQWUDO RSHQLQJ RI WKH SXSLO

    OLPEXV

    RXWHU ERXQGDU\ RI WKH LULV ZKHUH LW LV MRLQHG WR WKH VFOHUD

    OLQH SDLU

    OS

    PHDVXUH RI VSDWLDO IHDWXUH FRQWHQW ZKLFK ZKHQ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK D IL[HG GLVWDQFH PHDVXUHPHQW SURYLGHV DQ

    HVWLPDWH RI VSDWLDO IUHTXHQF\

    SL[HO

    VLQJOH SLFWXUH HOHPHQW RQH RI DQ Q E\ P PDWUL[ RI SLFWXUH HOHPHQWV ZKHUH P LV WKH QXPEHU RI FROXPQV DQG Q

    LV WKH QXPEHU RI URZV

    SXSLO

    RSHQLQJ LQ WKH FHQWUH RI WKH H\H WKDW VHUYHV DV D YDULDEOH OLJKW DSHUWXUH DQG GHILQHV WKH LQQHU ERXQGDU\ RI WKH

    LULV

    UDZ

    LPDJH ILOH IRUPDW LQ ZKLFK WKH LPDJH LV VWRUHG LQ WKH VDPH IRUPDW LQ ZKLFK LW LV VWRUHG LQ YLGHR PHPRU\

    W\SLFDOO\ RQH E\WH IRU PRQRFKURPH LPDJHV SHU SLFWXUH HOHPHQW RU WKUHH E\WHV IRU FRORU LPDJHV SHU SLFWXUH

    HOHPHQW

    UHVROXWLRQ

    QXPEHU RI SLFWXUH HOHPHQWV SL[HOV SHU XQLW GLVWDQFH LQ WKH REMHFW SODQH RU LPDJH SODQ VSHFLILHG DV WKH

    QXPEHU RI SL[HOV SHU PLOOLPHWUH DW WKH REMHFW SODQH WKDW LV RQ WKH H\H

    URXQG

    PDWKHPDWLFDO IXQFWLRQ DSSOLHG WR D QXPEHU [ VXFK WKDW URXQG[ LV WKH LQWHJHU WKDW LV FORVHVW LQ YDOXH WR [

    7HUPV DQG GHILQLWLRQV

    )RU WKH SXUSRVHV RI WKLV GRFXPHQW WKH WHUPV DQG GHILQLWLRQV JLYHQ LQ ,62,(& DQG WKH IROORZLQJ DSSO\

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • VFOHUD

    ZKLWH RXWHU FRYHULQJ RI WKH H\H SHULSKHUDO WR WKH LULV

    6\PEROV DQG DEEUHYLDWHG WHUPV

    -3(*

    FRPSUHVVLRQ VWDQGDUG IRU FRQWLQXRXVWRQH LPDJHV >,62,(& @

    -3(*

    HQKDQFHG FRPSUHVVLRQ VWDQGDUG >,62,(& @

    -3(*/6

    ORVVOHVVQHDUORVVOHVV FRPSUHVVLRQ VWDQGDUG IRU FRQWLQXRXVWRQH LPDJHV >,62,(& @

    ,ULV LPDJH IRUPDW VSHFLILFDWLRQ

    *HQHUDO

    7KH LULV LPDJH IRUPDW VSHFLILFDWLRQ GHILQHV KHDGHU DQG GDWD VWUXFWXUHV WKDW VXSSRUW VWRUDJH RI WKH LULV LPDJH LQ

    UHFWLOLQHDU RU SRODU FRRUGLQDWHV

    7KH ELRPHWULF GDWD UHFRUG VSHFLILHG LQ WKLV SDUW RI ,62,(& VKDOO EH HPEHGGHG LQ D &%())FRPSOLDQW

    VWUXFWXUH LQ WKH &%()) %LRPHWULF 'DWD %ORFN %'% DV VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(& 7KH

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWBRZQHU DVVLJQHG E\ WKH &%()) 5HJLVWUDWLRQ $XWKRULW\ WR -7& 6& LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK

    ,62,(& VKDOO EH XVHG 7KLV LV WKH VL[WHHQELW YDOXH [ KH[DGHFLPDO RU GHFLPDO ,W LV

    UHFRPPHQGHG WKDW LULV LPDJH GDWD WUDQVPLWWHG RU VWRUHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKLV SDUW RI ,62,(& EH

    HQFU\SWHG DQG VLJQHG WR SURWHFW SULYDF\ DQG LQWHJULW\ RI WKH GDWD 7KH &%()) VWUXFWXUH VXSSRUWV VXFK

    HQFU\SWLRQ DQG VLJQLQJ

    2QH RI WKH WZR IROORZLQJ &%())B%'%BIRUPDWBW\SH YDOXHV VKDOO EH XVHG LQ WKH &%()) +HDGHU 7KH VL[WHHQ

    ELW YDOXH [ VKDOO EH XVHG IRU UHFRUGV WKDW UHSUHVHQW WKH LULV LPDJH LQ UHFWLOLQHDU FRRUGLQDWHV DQG WKH

    VL[WHHQELW YDOXH [% VKDOO EH XVHG IRU UHFRUGV WKDW UHSUHVHQW WKH LULV LPDJH LQ SRODU FRRUGLQDWHV 7KHVH

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWBW\SH YDOXHV KDYH EHHQ UHJLVWHUHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK ,62,(&

    7KH &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFBW\SH YDOXH PD\ EH XVHG LQ WKH &%()) +HDGHU ,I XVHG WKH YDOXH HQWHUHG VKDOO

    EH WKH W\SH YDOXH DVVLJQHG WR LULV E\ WKH SDWURQ IRUPDW

    7KH &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFBVXEW\SH YDOXH PD\ EH XVHG LQ WKH &%()) +HDGHU LI WKH LULV GDWD UHFRUG FRQWDLQV

    GDWD IURP RQO\ RQH H\H ,I XVHG WKH YDOXH HQWHUHG VKDOO EH [ WR LQGLFDWH WKDW QR LQIRUPDWLRQ LV JLYHQ [

    WR LQGLFDWH ULJKW H\H DQG [ WR LQGLFDWH OHIW H\H

    ,PDJH FRPSUHVVLRQ

    *HQHUDO

    7KH LULV LPDJH VKDOO EH WUDQVPLWWHG DQG VWRUHG LQ RQH RI VHYHUDO SRVVLEOH IRUPDWV GHVFULEHG LQ WKH IROORZLQJ

    VXEFODXVHV

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • 5DZ IRUPDW

    7KH LPDJH VKDOO EH UHSUHVHQWHG DV DQ DUUD\ RI Q URZV E\ P FROXPQV E\ DW OHDVW HLJKW ELWV 7KHUH LV QR LPDJH

    KHDGHU DQG HDFK SL[HO LQ D PRQRFKURPH LPDJH VKDOO EH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ HLJKW RU PRUH ELWV &RORXU LPDJHV

    VKDOO EH UHSUHVHQWHG DV WKUHH VDPSOHV SHU SL[HO HDFK FRPSULVHG RI HLJKW RU PRUH ELWV UHSUHVHQWLQJ UHG JUHHQ

    DQG EOXH LQWHQVLWLHV LQ WKDW RUGHU 7KH LPDJH VKDOO EH RUJDQL]HG LQ URZPDMRU RUGHU ZLWK WKH ORZHVW DGGUHVV

    FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH XSSHU OHIW FRUQHU RI WKH LPDJH ,I WKH SL[HO LQWHQVLW\ YDOXH LV UHSUHVHQWHG E\ PRUH WKDQ

    RQH E\WH WKH E\WHV VKDOO EH VWRUHG LQ QHWZRUN E\WH ELJHQGLDQ RUGHU

    /RVVOHVV FRPSUHVVLRQ IRUPDW

    ,I ORVVOHVV FRPSUHVVLRQ LV XVHG WKH LPDJH GDWD VKDOO EH FRPSUHVVHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH -3(*/6 ORVVOHVV

    FRPSUHVVLRQ DOJRULWKP VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    &RPSUHVVHG IRUPDW

    ,I ORVV\ FRPSUHVVLRQ LV XVHG WKH LPDJH VKDOO EH FRPSUHVVHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH -3(* FRPSUHVVLRQ

    DOJRULWKP VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(& RU WKH -3(* FRPSUHVVLRQ DOJRULWKP VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    ,PDJH SUHSURFHVVLQJ

    5HFWLOLQHDU LPDJH SUHSURFHVVLQJ

    *HQHUDO

    ,I WKH LPDJH LV FROOHFWHG E\ D FDPHUD WKDW FDSWXUHV RQO\ RQH H\H DW D WLPH DQG LV VWRUHG XVLQJ D UHFWLOLQHDU

    FRRUGLQDWH V\VWHP QR VSHFLILF SUHSURFHVVLQJ LV UHTXLUHG &DPHUDV WKDW FDSWXUH LPDJHV RI ERWK H\HV

    VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ PD\ XVH WKH IROORZLQJ SURFHVVLQJ VWHSV WR FDOFXODWH WKH URWDWLRQ DQJOH RI WKH LULV LPDJHV

    5HFWLOLQHDU LPDJH URWDWLRQ DQJOH

    ,ULV LPDJH FDSWXUH V\VWHPV WKDW UHFRUG LPDJHV RI ERWK H\HV VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ PD\ KDYH WKH FDSDELOLW\ WR

    PHDVXUH WKH DQJOH RI WKH VXEMHFWV KHDG HJ E\ GHILQLQJ D OLQH EHWZHHQ WKH SXSLO FHQWUHV RI WKH OHIW DQG ULJKW

    H\HV DQG GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH DQJXODU GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKLV OLQH DQG WKH KRUL]RQWDO D[LV RI WKH LPDJLQJ V\VWHP

    ,I WKLV URWDWLRQ LV PHDVXUHG DQG UHFRUGHG LW VKDOO EH PHDVXUHG DV WKH DQJOH LQ GHJUHHV EHWZHHQ WKH KRUL]RQWDO

    D[LV RI WKH FDPHUD V\VWHP DQG WKH OLQH EHWZHHQ WKH SXSLO FHQWUHV RI WKH WZR H\HV ZLWK D SRVLWLYH YDOXH

    VLJQLI\LQJ FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH URWDWLRQ RI WKH LQWHUSXSLO OLQH UHODWLYH WR WKH FDPHUDV KRUL]RQWDO D[LV

    127( 7KH DQJOH RI WKH VXEMHFWV KHDG PD\ EH FRPSXWHG LQ ZD\V RWKHU WKDQ XVLQJ WKH SXSLO FHQWUHV

    5HFWLOLQHDU LPDJH URWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\

    7KH URWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ LV DQ HVWLPDWH GHSHQGHQW RQ WKH LPDJLQJ GHYLFH RI WKH PD[LPXP URWDWLRQ HUURU

    DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH URWDWLRQ DQJOH ,W VKDOO EH PHDVXUHG DV D SRVLWLYH QRQ]HUR YDOXH LQ GHJUHHV ,I URWDWLRQ

    LQIRUPDWLRQ LV QRW DYDLODEOH WKH URWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ YDOXH VKDOO EH VHW WR WKH PD[LPXP SRVVLEOH YDOXH

    3RODU LPDJH SUHSURFHVVLQJ

    *HQHUDO

    ,I WKH SRODU FRRUGLQDWH V\VWHP LV XVHG WKH IROORZLQJ SUHSURFHVVLQJ RSHUDWLRQV VKDOO EH SHUIRUPHG RQ WKH

    UHFWLOLQHDU LPDJH LQ RUGHU WR FRQYHUW LW WR SRODU IRUP

    %RXQGDU\ H[WUDFWLRQ

    7KH ERXQGDULHV RI WKH SXSLO DQG LULV PD\ EH H[WUDFWHG XVLQJ FLUFXODU PRGHOV ,I VXFK ERXQGDULHV DUH H[WUDFWHG

    WKH KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO FRRUGLQDWHV RI WKH LULV DQG SXSLO FHQWUHV VKDOO EH GHWHUPLQHG ZLWK D SUHFLVLRQ RI

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • SL[HO WKH SXSLO UDGLXV ZLWK D SUHFLVLRQ RI SL[HO DQG WKH LULV UDGLXV ZLWK D SUHFLVLRQ RI SL[HO ,Q WKLV

    FDVH WKH SRODU LPDJH FRQWDLQV LULV GDWD EHWZHHQ WKH LQQHU ERXQGDU\ ZLWK WKH SXSLO DQG WKH RXWHU ERXQGDU\ ZLWK

    WKH VFOHUD

    127( ,I FDPHUD UHVROXWLRQ LV NQRZQ WKH SUHFLVLRQ RI WKH SXSLO DQG LULV FHQWUHV DQG UDGLL PD\ EH FDOFXODWHG LQ

    PLOOLPHWUHV

    1R ERXQGDU\ H[WUDFWLRQ

    $Q DOWHUQDWLYH VWRUDJH IRUPDW LV SURYLGHG LQ ZKLFK WKH SXSLO FHQWUH LV XVHG DV WKH LQQHU ERXQGDU\ DQG WKH SRODU

    LPDJH VDPSOHV H[WHQG UDGLDOO\ IURP WKH SXSLO FHQWUH WR D VXSSOLHUGHILQHG RXWHU FLUFOH WKDW HQFORVHV WKH HQWLUH

    LULV ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH QXPEHU RI UDGLDO VDPSOHV LQ WKH SRODU LPDJH VKDOO EH QRW OHVV WKDQ WKH LULV UDGLXV LQ WKH

    UHFWLOLQHDU LPDJH H[SUHVVHG LQ SL[HOV DQG WKH QXPEHU RI DQJXODU VDPSOHV VKDOO EH QRW OHVV WKDQ RQHKDOI WKH

    LULVVFOHUD ERXQGDU\ OHQJWK LQ WKH UHFWLOLQHDU LPDJH H[SUHVVHG LQ SL[HOV 8VHUV RI WKLV IRUPDW DUH H[SHFWHG WR

    DSSO\ SRVWSURFHVVLQJ DOJRULWKPV WR H[WUDFW WKH SUHFLVH LQQHU DQG RXWHU LULV ERXQGDULHV XVLQJ VXLWDEOH

    WHFKQLTXHV

    ,ULV RFFOXVLRQV

    $UHDV REVFXUHG E\ VSHFXODU UHIOHFWLRQV H\HOLGV H\HODVKHV HWF PD\ EH ORFDWHG DQG VSHFLDO LQWHQVLW\ YDOXHV

    DVVLJQHG ,I VXFK DVVLJQPHQW LV SHUIRUPHG VXFK SL[HOV VKDOO EH DVVLJQHG D UHVHUYHG LULV RFFOXVLRQ YDOXH

    XVXDOO\ PD[LPXP LQWHQVLW\ RU ]HUR 7KH RFFOXVLRQ YDOXH VKDOO EH GHILQHG LQ WKH KHDGHU ,I VXFK LULV RFFOXVLRQ

    SURFHVVLQJ LV SHUIRUPHG DQG RFFOXGHG DUHDV DUH ILOOHG E\ D UHVHUYHG YDOXH VXEVHTXHQW FRPSUHVVLRQ DSSOLHG

    WR WKH LPDJH VKDOO XVH RQO\ ORVVOHVV FRPSUHVVLRQ DOJRULWKPV

    6FDQ W\SH

    &RUUHFWLRQV WR DFFRPPRGDWH VSHFLILF VFDQ W\SHV VXFK DV SURJUHVVLYH RU LQWHUODFHG VKRXOG EH DSSOLHG SULRU WR

    FRQYHUVLRQ WR SRODU FRRUGLQDWHV ,I VXFK FRUUHFWLRQV DUH DSSOLHG WKH VFDQ W\SH HQWU\ LQ WKH LPDJH SURSHUWLHV

    ELWILHOG VKDOO EH VHW WR 6&$1B7

  • )LJXUH 3RODU LPDJH VDPSOH VHTXHQFH

    )LJXUH ,ULV LPDJH ZLWK IHDWXUHV

    3RODU LPDJH URWDWLRQ FRUUHFWLRQ

    5RWDWLRQ DQJOH LV QRW UHFRUGHG IRU SRODU LPDJHV DQG VKRXOG EH VHW WR 527B$1*/(B81'() ,I WKH URWDWLRQ

    DQJOH LV DYDLODEOH ZKHQ WKH SRODU LPDJH LV SURGXFHG LW VKDOO EH XVHG WR FRUUHFW IRU URWDWLRQ VR WKDW WKH ]HUR

    GHJUHH UDGLDO LV SHUSHQGLFXODU WR WKH OLQH EHWZHHQ WKH SXSLO FHQWUHV ,I VXFK FRUUHFWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG WKH

    URWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ VKDOO EH VHW WR D QRQ]HUR YDOXH LQGLFDWLQJ WKH H[SHFWHG DFFXUDF\ RI WKH FRUUHFWLRQ ,I

    URWDWLRQ FRUUHFWLRQ LV QRW SHUIRUPHG WKH URWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ VKDOO EH VHW WR 527B81&(57$,1B81'()

    ,ULV LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN

    7DEOH LOOXVWUDWHV WKH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH LULV LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN (YHU\ GDWD EORFN VKDOO KDYH DQ LULV

    UHFRUG KHDGHU WKDW FRQWDLQV LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH LPDJH FDSWXUH GHYLFH DQG FRQGLWLRQV 7KH UHFRUG VKDOO

    ,ULV &HQWHU

    3XSLO &HQWHU

    D

    D

    T

    T T

    T

    T

    T

    T

    U

    U

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • FRQWDLQ LPDJHV IURP RQH RU WZR H\HV ZKLFK DUH GHVLJQDWHG LULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SHV DQG WKH LULV UHFRUG KHDGHU

    VKDOO LQGLFDWH KRZ PDQ\ VXFK ELRPHWULF VXEW\SHV ZHUH UHFRUGHG RQH RU WZR (DFK LULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH

    VKDOO KDYH DQ LULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU WKDW LGHQWLILHV LW DV D ULJKW RU OHIW H\H DQG FRQWDLQV LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ

    WKH QXPEHU RI LPDJHV UHFRUGHG IURP WKDW H\H ,I WKH FDSWXUH GHYLFH LV XQDEOH WR GHWHUPLQH ZKLFK H\H ZDV

    SUHVHQWHG WKHQ WKH H\H GHVLJQDWLRQ VKDOO EH HQWHUHG DV XQNQRZQ DQG DOO FDSWXUHG LPDJHV VKDOO EH VDYHG

    ZLWK D VLQJOH ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU (DFK LULV LPDJH VKDOO EH DFFRPSDQLHG E\ DQ LULV LPDJH KHDGHU WKDW

    FRQWDLQV DQ LPDJH VHTXHQFH QXPEHU SOXV LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW TXDOLW\ DQG URWDWLRQ IRU WKDW LPDJH (DFK LPDJH

    VKDOO EH SDGGHG ZLWK H[WUD ELWV LI QHFHVVDU\ WR HQG RQ DQ LQWHJUDO E\WH ERXQGDU\ $OO KHDGHU GDWD VKDOO EH

    VWRUHG LQ QHWZRUN E\WH ELJHQGLDQ RUGHU :KHUH ELWOHYHO GDWD GHILQLWLRQV DUH VSHFLILHG ELW VKDOO EH

    LQWHUSUHWHG DV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW /6% 6LJQHG ILHOGV VKDOO XVH V FRPSOHPHQW HQFRGLQJ $ VLQJOH

    UHFRUG KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH VKDOO EH XVHG IRU ERWK UHFWLOLQHDU DQG SRODU IRUPDWV $Q LULV LPDJH GDWD UHFRUG VKDOO

    FRQWDLQ HLWKHU UHFWLOLQHDU IRUPDW LPDJHV RU SRODU IRUPDW LPDJHV WKH WZR IRUPDWV VKDOO QRW EH LQWHUPL[HG ZLWKLQ

    D GDWD UHFRUG 7KH &%())B%'%BIRUPDWBW\SH YDOXH LQ WKH &%()) KHDGHU VKDOO LQGLFDWH WKH IRUPDW XVHG ZLWK

    WKH YDOXH [ XVHG WR LQGLFDWH UHFWLOLQHDU FRRUGLQDWHV DQG [ WR LQGLFDWH SRODU FRRUGLQDWHV DV

    VSHFLILHG LQ FODXVH

    7DEOH ,ULV LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN

    %\WHV 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    ,ULV UHFRUG KHDGHU ,QIRUPDWLRQ SHUWDLQLQJ WR FDSWXUH GHYLFH

    QXPEHU RI ELRPHWULF VXEW\SHV H\HV

    LQFOXGHG LQ WKH UHFRUG DQG WRWDO UHFRUG VL]H

    LQ E\WHV

    ,ULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH

    KHDGHU

    +HDGHU IRU ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH LQGLFDWLQJ ULJKW

    RU OHIW H\H LI NQRZQ DQG QXPEHU RI LPDJHV

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU +HDGHU IRU ILUVW LPDJH FRQWDLQLQJ LPDJH

    QXPEHU IRU ILUVW H\H TXDOLW\ URWDWLRQ DQJOH

    DQG XQFHUWDLQW\ DQG LPDJH OHQJWK

    LPDJH

    OHQJWK

    8QVLJQHG FKDU ,PDJH )LUVW LPDJH WKLV H\H

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU ,PDJH KHDGHU VHFRQG LPDJH ILUVW H\H

    8QVLJQHG FKDU ,PDJH 6HFRQG LPDJH ILUVW H\H

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU ,PDJH KHDGHU ODVW LPDJH ILUVW H\H

    8QVLJQHG FKDU ,PDJH /DVW LPDJH ILUVW H\H

    ,ULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH

    KHDGHU

    %LRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU LQGLFDWLQJ ULJKW RU

    OHIW H\H DQG QXPEHU RI LPDJHV XVHG RQO\ LI

    H\H W\SH LV NQRZQ

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU ,PDJH KHDGHU ILUVW LPDJH VHFRQG H\H

    8QVLJQHG FKDU ,PDJH )LUVW LPDJH VHFRQG H\H

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU ,PDJH KHDGHU VHFRQG LPDJH VHFRQG H\H

    8QVLJQHG FKDU ,PDJH 6HFRQG LPDJH VHFRQG H\H

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU ,PDJH KHDGHU ODVW LPDJH VHFRQG H\H

    8QVLJQHG FKDU ,PDJH /DVW LPDJH VHFRQG H\H

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • ,ULV KHDGHU VWUXFWXUHV

    ,ULV UHFRUG KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH

    7KH LULV UHFRUG KHDGHU VKDOO FRQWDLQ GDWD YDOXHV WKDW LGHQWLI\ WKH UHFRUG DV FRQWDLQLQJ LULV LPDJH GDWD VSHFLI\

    SURSHUWLHV RI WKH LPDJH FDSWXUH GHYLFH DQG WKH LPDJH IRUPDW DQG GHVLJQDWH D XQLTXH LGHQWLILHU IRU WKH GDWD

    FDSWXUH HYHQW 7KH UHFRUG KHDGHU IRUPDW LV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH

    ,ULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH

    7KH LULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU VKDOO FRQWDLQ GDWD YDOXHV WKDW LQGLFDWH ZKLFK H\H ZDV SUHVHQWHG LI NQRZQ

    DQG WKH QXPEHU RI LPDJHV FDSWXUHG IRU WKDW H\H 7KH LULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU IRUPDW LV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH

    ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH

    7KH LULV LPDJH KHDGHU VKDOO LQGLFDWH DQ LPDJH VDPSOH QXPEHU TXDOLW\ YDOXH H\H URWDWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ

    LI DYDLODEOH DQG LPDJH GDWD OHQJWK 7KH LPDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH VKDOO EH UHFRUGHG DV D QXPEHU EHWZHHQ DQG

    HTXLYDOHQW WR &%())B%'%BTXDOLW\ VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(& 7KH LPDJH GDWD OHQJWK VKDOO EH IROORZHG E\

    WKH LPDJH GDWD 7KH LULV LPDJH KHDGHU IRUPDW LV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH

    7DEOH ,ULV UHFRUG KHDGHU

    %\WHV 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    8QVLJQHG FKDU )RUPDW LGHQWLILHU [ , , 5 [ ,,5 IRU LULV LPDJH

    UHFRUG

    8QVLJQHG FKDU )RUPDW YHUVLRQ Q Q Q [

    num berand the third charactershallrepresentthe

    PLQRU revision num ber.

    8QVLJQHG ORQJ 5HFRUG OHQJWK 7RWDO OHQJWK RI GDWD UHFRUG LQ E\WHV

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW &DSWXUH GHYLFH ,' &DSWXUH GHYLFH ,' DVVLJQHG E\ YHQGRU RI

    HTXLSPHQW XVHG WR FDSWXUH LPDJH GDWD

    &$3785(B'(9,&(B81'()

    8QVLJQHG FKDU 1R RI LULV ELRPHWULF

    VXEW\SHV

    1XPEHU RI H\HV LPDJHG RU

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW 5HFRUG KHDGHU OHQJWK &XUUHQWO\ E\WHV

    +HDGHU IRUPDW YHUVLRQ This version num bershall

    consistofthree ASCIInum bersfollowed bya zero

    byte asthe NULL string term inator.The firstand

    second characters shallrepresentthe m ajorrevision

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • 7DEOH (FRQWLQXHG)

    %\WHV 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW ,ULV LPDJH SURSHUWLHV

    ELWILHOG

    +RUL]RQWDO RULHQWDWLRQ

    25,(17$7,21B81'()

    25,(17$7,21B%$6(

    25,(17$7,21B)/,33('

    9HUWLFDO RULHQWDWLRQ

    25,(17$7,21B81'()

    25,(17$7,21B%$6(

    25,(17$7,21B)/,33('

    6FDQ W\SH UHFWLOLQHDU RQO\

    6&$1B7

  • 7DEOH (FRQWLQXHG)

    %\WHV 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    8QVLJQHG FKDU ,PDJH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ WR SRODU LPDJH SRODU RQO\

    75$16B81'()

    75$16B67'

    8QVLJQHG FKDU 'HYLFH XQLTXH LGHQWLILHU $ FKDUDFWHU VWULQJ XQLTXHO\ LGHQWLI\LQJ WKH

    GHYLFH RU VRXUFH RI WKH GDWD 7KLV GDWD FDQ EH

    RQH RI

    'HYLFH 6HULDO QXPEHU LGHQWLILHG E\ WKH ILUVW

    FKDUDFWHU '

    +RVW 3& 0DF DGGUHVV LGHQWLILHG E\ WKH ILUVW

    FKDUDFWHU 0

    +RVW 3& SURFHVVRU ,' LGHQWLILHG E\ WKH ILUVW

    FKDUDFWHU 3

    1R VHULDO QXPEHU LGHQWLILHG E\ DOO ]HURV

    7DEOH ,ULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH KHDGHU

    %\WHV 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    8QVLJQHG FKDU %LRPHWULF VXEW\SH ELRPHWULF VXEW\SH LGHQWLILHU

    (

  • 7DEOH ,ULV LPDJH KHDGHU

    %\WHV 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW ,PDJH QXPEHU ,PDJH VHTXHQFH QXPEHU 1R ,PDJHV

    8QVLJQHG FKDU 4XDOLW\ ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH

    6LJQHG VKRUW 5RWDWLRQ DQJOH RI H\H 5RWDWLRQ DQJOH VLJQHG VKRUW URXQG

    DQJOH PRGXOR

    527B$1*/(B81'() [))))

    :KHUH DQJOH LV PHDVXUHG LQ GHJUHHV IURP

    KRUL]RQWDO

    8VHG RQO\ IRU UHFWLOLQHDU LPDJHV )RU SRODU LPDJHV

    HQWU\ VKDOO EH 527B$1*/(B81'()

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW 5RWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ 5RWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ XQVLJQHG VKRUW URXQG

    XQFHUWDLQW\

    :KHUH XQFHUWDLQW\

    527B81&(57$,1B81'() [))))

    :KHUH XQFHUWDLQW\ LV PHDVXUHG LQ GHJUHHV DQG LV

    WKH DEVROXWH YDOXH RI PD[LPXP HUURU

    8QVLJQHG ORQJ ,PDJH OHQJWK 6L]H RI LPDJH GDWD E\WHV

    127( 7KH 4XDOLW\ ILHOG LV HTXLYDOHQW WR WKH &%())B%'%BTXDOLW\ GDWD HOHPHQW VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    7KH &%())B%'%BTXDOLW\ GDWD HOHPHQW PD\ EH XVHG WR LQGLFDWH WKH TXDOLW\ LI WKH LULV GDWD UHFRUG FRQWDLQV RQO\

    RQH LPDJH

    +HDGHU FRQVWDQWV

    6LJQLILFDQFH RI VSHFLILF FRQVWDQWV ZLWKLQ WKH KHDGHU VWUXFWXUHV DUH DV IROORZV

    81'() XVDJH LQ DQ\ FRQVWDQW LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH SDUDPHWHU LV XQGHILQHG

    25,(17$7,21B%$6( VXSHULRU HGJH RI H\H LV DW WRS RI LPDJH DQG OHIW VLGH RI H\H IDFLQJ VXEMHFW LH

    QDVDO VLGH RI VXEMHFWV OHIW H\H LV RQ OHIW VLGH RI LPDJH

    25,(17$7,21B)/,33(' KRUL]RQWDO RU YHUWLFDO RULHQWDWLRQ LV RSSRVLWH IURP WKDW GHVFULEHG IRU

    25,(17$7,21B%$6(

    6&$1B7

  • ,0$*()250$7B5*%B5$: LPDJH LV UDZ IRUPDW ZLWK ZLGWK DQG KHLJKW LQ SL[HOV VSHFLILHG E\ 5DZ

    LPDJH ZLGWK DQG 5DZ LPDJH KHLJKW UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KLV IRUPDW KDV QR KHDGHU HDFK SL[HO LV WKUHH

    FRQVHFXWLYH E\WHV UHSUHVHQWLQJ YDOXHV RI UHG JUHHQ DQG EOXH LQWHQVLW\ 7KH ORZHVW DGGUHVV

    FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKH XSSHU OHIW FRUQHU RI WKH LPDJH URZPDMRU RUGHU

    ,0$*()250$7B0212B-3(* LPDJH LV PRQRFKURPH DQG FRPSUHVVHG XVLQJ -3(* DOJRULWKP DV

    VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    ,0$*()250$7B5*%B-3(* LPDJH LV FRORXU DQG FRPSUHVVHG XVLQJ -3(* DOJRULWKP DV VSHFLILHG

    LQ ,62,(&

    ,0$*()250$7B0212B-3(*B/6 LPDJH LV PRQRFKURPH DQG FRPSUHVVHG XVLQJ -3(*/6

    DOJRULWKP DV VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    ,0$*()250$7B5*%B-3(*B/6 LPDJH LV FRORXU DQG FRPSUHVVHG XVLQJ -3(*/6 ORVVOHVV

    FRPSUHVVLRQ DOJRULWKP DV VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    ,0$*()250$7B0212B-3(* LPDJH LV PRQRFKURPH DQG FRPSUHVVHG XVLQJ -3(*

    DOJRULWKP DV VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    ,0$*()250$7B5*%B-3(* LPDJH LV FRORXU DQG FRPSUHVVHG XVLQJ -3(* DOJRULWKP DV

    VSHFLILHG LQ ,62,(&

    ,52&&B81'() LULV RFFOXVLRQV IURP UHIOHFWLRQV H\HOLGV HWF KDYH QRW EHHQ LGHQWLILHG DQG PDUNHG

    ZLWK D UHVHUYHG SL[HO LQWHQVLW\ YDOXH

    ,52&&B352&(66(' LULV RFFOXVLRQV IURP UHIOHFWLRQV H\HOLGV HWF KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLILHG DQG

    PDUNHG ZLWK D UHVHUYHG SL[HO LQWHQVLW\ YDOXH

    ,52&&B=(52),// LULV RFFOXVLRQV KDYH EHHQ PDUNHG ZLWK SL[HO LQWHQVLW\ YDOXH ]HUR

    ,52&&B81,7),// LULV RFFOXVLRQV KDYH EHHQ PDUNHG ZLWK WKH PD[LPXP SRVVLEOH SL[HO LQWHQVLW\

    YDOXH

    ,5%1'

  • $QQH[ $

    LQIRUPDWLYH

    ,ULV LPDJH FDSWXUH

    $ ,PDJH TXDOLW\

    $ *HQHUDO

    7KH VSDWLDO UHVROXWLRQ RI WKH LULV LPDJLQJ V\VWHP VKRXOG EH DW OHDVW OSPP DW WKH REMHFW SODQH ZLWK

    PRGXODWLRQ 7KH GLJLWDO LPDJH WKDW LV FDSWXUHG IURP WKH LULV VKRXOG KDYH SL[HO UHVROXWLRQ HTXDO WR DW OHDVW

    SL[HOV SHU PP ,PDJH VXSSOLHUV PD\ LQGLFDWH KLJKHU OHYHOV RI UHVROXWLRQ E\ VSHFLI\LQJ LQ WKH &%()) LPDJH

    KHDGHU DQ LPDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR DFFHSWDEOH RU JRRG TXDOLW\ LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK 7DEOH $

    7\SLFDO LULV GLDPHWHU YDOXHV FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SL[HO UHVROXWLRQ LQ SL[HOV SHU PP DQG RSWLFDO UHVROXWLRQ VSHFLILHG

    IRU PRGXODWLRQ DUH OLVWHG LQ 7DEOH $ 6SHFLILF UHFRPPHQGHG YDOXHV DUH GHILQHG LQ WKH IROORZLQJ VXE

    FODXVHV

    7DEOH $ ,PDJH TXDOLW\ OHYHOV

    $ 8QDFFHSWDEOH TXDOLW\

    ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXHV EHWZHHQ DQG PD\ EH XVHG WR LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH LPDJH GRHV QRW PHHW WKH PLQLPXP

    TXDOLW\ VWDQGDUGV VHW E\ WKH HQWLW\ WKDW SURGXFHG WKH GDWD

    $ /RZ TXDOLW\

    ,PDJHV LGHQWLILHG DV KDYLQJ PLQLPXP RU ORZ TXDOLW\ VKRXOG EH FROOHFWHG XVLQJ FDPHUDV KDYLQJ PLQLPXP

    VSDWLDO UHVROXWLRQ RI OSPP DW SHUFHQW RU KLJKHU FRQWUDVW DQG SL[HO UHVROXWLRQ DW OHDVW SL[HOV SHU PP

    DW WKH REMHFW SODQH ([SHFWHG LULV GLDPHWHU LV WR SL[HOV ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH LV EHWZHHQ DQG

    9DOXH VHOHFWHG ZLWKLQ WKLV UDQJH PD\ UHIOHFW RWKHU IDFWRUV VXFK DV IRFXV FRQWUDVW VLJQDOWRQRLVH UDWLR YLVLEOH

    LULV HWF

    $ 0HGLXP TXDOLW\

    ,PDJHV LGHQWLILHG DV KDYLQJ PHGLXP TXDOLW\ VKRXOG EH FROOHFWHG XVLQJ FDPHUDV KDYLQJ VSDWLDO UHVROXWLRQ RI DW

    OHDVW OSPP DW SHUFHQW RU KLJKHU FRQWUDVW DQG SL[HO UHVROXWLRQ DW OHDVW SL[HOV SHU PP DW WKH REMHFW

    SODQH ([SHFWHG LULV GLDPHWHU LV WR SL[HOV ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH LV EHWZHHQ DQG 9DOXH VHOHFWHG

    ZLWKLQ WKLV UDQJH PD\ UHIOHFW RWKHU IDFWRUV VXFK DV IRFXV FRQWUDVW VLJQDOWRQRLVH UDWLR YLVLEOH LULV HWF

    ,PDJH

    TXDOLW\

    OHYHO

    ,PDJH

    TXDOLW\

    YDOXH

    ([SHFWHG

    LULV

    GLDPHWHU

    SL[HOV

    0LQLPXP

    SL[HO

    UHVROXWLRQ

    SL[HOV SHU PP

    2SWLFDO

    UHVROXWLRQ DW

    PRGXODWLRQ

    OSPP

    &RPPHQW

    3RRU 8QDFFHSWDEOH TXDOLW\

    /RZ 0DUJLQDO TXDOLW\

    0HGLXP $FFHSWDEOH TXDOLW\

    +LJK RU

    PRUH

    *RRG TXDOLW\

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • $ +LJK TXDOLW\

    ,PDJHV LGHQWLILHG DV KDYLQJ KLJK TXDOLW\ VKRXOG EH FROOHFWHG XVLQJ FDPHUDV KDYLQJ VSDWLDO UHVROXWLRQ RI DW OHDVW

    OSPP DW SHUFHQW RU KLJKHU FRQWUDVW DQG SL[HO UHVROXWLRQ DW OHDVW SL[HOV SHU PP DW WKH REMHFW SODQH

    ([SHFWHG LULV GLDPHWHU LV RU PRUH SL[HOV ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH LV EHWZHHQ DQG 9DOXH VHOHFWHG

    ZLWKLQ WKLV UDQJH PD\ UHIOHFW RWKHU IDFWRUV VXFK DV IRFXV FRQWUDVW VLJQDOWRQRLVH UDWLR YLVLEOH LULV HWF

    $ )RFXV TXDOLW\

    ,PDJHV VKRXOG KDYH IRFXV TXDOLW\ DGHTXDWH WR SUHVHUYH WKH VSHFLILHG VSDWLDO UHVROXWLRQ )LJXUH $ LOOXVWUDWHV

    D UHSUHVHQWDWLYH LULV LPDJH ZLWK DGHTXDWH UHVROXWLRQ DQG IRFXV TXDOLW\ $Q\ LPDJH FRPSUHVVLRQ SURFHVV XVHG

    WR UHGXFH WKH VL]H RI WKH VWRUHG LPDJH VKRXOG SUHVHUYH WKLV UHVROXWLRQ ,I -3(* ,62,(& RU -3(*

    ,62,(& FRPSUHVVLRQ LV XVHG D FRPSUHVVLRQ IDFWRU RI RU OHVV LV UHFRPPHQGHG

    )LJXUH $ ,ULV LPDJH

    $ *UH\VFDOH GHQVLW\

    7KH LPDJH VKRXOG KDYH D G\QDPLF UDQJH VSDQQLQJ DW OHDVW JUH\ OHYHOV DOORFDWLQJ DW OHDVW RQH E\WH ELWV

    SHU LQWHQVLW\ YDOXH DQG SURYLGLQJ DW OHDVW ELWV RI XVHIXO LQWHQVLW\ LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KH LPDJH PD\ XWLOL]H HLJKW RU

    PRUH ELWV SHU JUH\ YDOXH ,I VSHFXODU UHIOHFWLRQV IURP WKH LOOXPLQDWLRQ VRXUFH RFFXU WKHLU LQWHQVLW\ VKRXOG EH VHW

    WR WKH VDWXUDWLRQ OHYHO WKH PD[LPXP YDOXH JUH\ OHYHO RU WR D JUH\ YDOXH RI 2WKHU DUHDV ZLWKLQ WKH SXSLO LULV

    DQG VFOHUD RI WKH H\H VKRXOG KDYH LQWHQVLWLHV JUHDWHU WKDQ DQG OHVV WKDQ WKH PD[LPXP JUH\ OHYHO 7KLV

    UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ PD\ EH DPHQGHG EDVHG RQ DYDLODELOLW\ RI SHUIRUPDQFH GDWD WKDW GRFXPHQWV WKH LPSDFW RI WKH

    SURSRVHG FKDQJH

    $ ,OOXPLQDWLRQ

    7KH H\H VKRXOG EH LOOXPLQDWHG XVLQJ QHDULQIUDUHG ZDYHOHQJWKV EHWZHHQ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ DQG

    QDQRPHWHUV QP 7KHVH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV UHSUHVHQW FXUUHQW EHVW SUDFWLFH EXW GR QRW SUHFOXGH WKH XVH RI

    RWKHU ZDYHOHQJWKV LQFOXGLQJ YLVLEOH OLJKW LQ IXWXUH V\VWHPV 7KH DQJOH EHWZHHQ D OLQH H[WHQGLQJ IURP WKH

    FHQWUH RI WKH LOOXPLQDWLRQ VRXUFH WR WKH SXSLO FHQWUH DQG WKH RSWLFDO D[LV RI WKH LULV FDPHUD VKRXOG EH DW OHDVW

    GHJUHHV LQ RUGHU WR SUHYHQW UHGH\H HIIHFW 7KH LOOXPLQDWLRQ VRXUFH VKRXOG EH DORQJVLGH RU EHORZ WKH FDPHUD

    WR SUHYHQW FUHDWLRQ RI VKDGRZV E\ WKH H\HEURZV

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • $ &RQWUDVW

    7KH LULV LPDJH VKRXOG KDYH D PLQLPXP RI JUH\ OHYHOV VHSDUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH LULV DQG VFOHUD DQG D

    PLQLPXP RI JUH\ OHYHOV VHSDUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ LULV DQG SXSLO IRU DOO FRORXU H\HV 6HH )LJXUH $ 7KLV

    UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ PD\ EH DPHQGHG EDVHG RQ DYDLODELOLW\ RI SHUIRUPDQFH GDWD WKDW GRFXPHQWV WKH LPSDFW RI WKH

    SURSRVHG FKDQJH

    )LJXUH $ ,ULV LPDJH DQG JUH\ OHYHO SURILOH

    $ 9LVLEOH LULV

    $W OHDVW SHUFHQW RI WKH LULV VKRXOG EH YLVLEOH LH QRW REVFXUHG E\ VSHFXODU UHIOHFWLRQV H\HOLGV H\HODVKHV

    RU RWKHU REVWUXFWLRQV ,W LV UHFRJQL]HG WKDW WKLV PD\ EH GLIILFXOW WR DFKLHYH DPRQJ VRPH HWKQLF SRSXODWLRQV

    7KLV UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ PD\ EH DPHQGHG EDVHG RQ DYDLODELOLW\ RI SHUIRUPDQFH GDWD WKDW GRFXPHQWV WKH LPSDFW

    RI WKH SURSRVHG FKDQJH

    $ 3L[HO DVSHFW UDWLR

    7KH LPDJH FDSWXUH V\VWHP VKRXOG SURGXFH VTXDUH SL[HOV LQ ZKLFK WKH KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO GLPHQVLRQV RI

    WKH SL[HOV DUH HTXDO $Q\ GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO SL[HO GLPHQVLRQ VKRXOG EH OHVV WKDQ

    SHUFHQW WKDW LV WKH UDWLR RI KRUL]RQWDO WR YHUWLFDO SL[HO GLPHQVLRQ VKRXOG EH EHWZHHQ DQG

    $ ,PDJH VFDOH

    7KH LPDJH VFDOH VKRXOG EH VXFK WKDW DQ LULV ZLWK QDWXUDOO\ RFFXUULQJ LULV GLDPHWHU UDQJH RI PP WR PP

    KDV D PLQLPXP GLJLWDO LULV GLDPHWHU RI DW OHDVW SL[HOV DV GHVFULEHG LQ FODXVH $ DERYH 7KH LPDJH

    VKRXOG EH ODUJH HQRXJK WR LQFOXGH DW OHDVW SL[HOV EHWZHHQ WKH OHIW RU ULJKW HGJH RI WKH LULV DQG WKH FORVHVW

    HGJH RI WKH LPDJH DQG DW OHDVW SL[HOV EHWZHHQ WKH XSSHU RU ORZHU HGJHV RI WKH LULV DQG WKH FORVHVW HGJH RI

    WKH LPDJH 6HH )LJXUH $ 7KLV UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ PD\ EH DPHQGHG EDVHG RQ DYDLODELOLW\ RI SHUIRUPDQFH

    GDWD WKDW GRFXPHQWV WKH LPSDFW RI WKH SURSRVHG FKDQJH

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • 'LPHQVLRQV LQ SL[HOV

    .H\

    SXSLO ERXQGDU\

    LPDJH ERUGHU

    LULV ERXQGDU\

    )LJXUH $ ,PDJH VL]H VSHFLILFDWLRQ

    $ 2SWLFDO GLVWRUWLRQ

    7KH LULV LPDJH VKRXOG QRW H[KLELW HIIHFWV RI RSWLFDO GLVWRUWLRQ LQFOXGLQJ VSKHULFDO DEHUUDWLRQ FKURPDWLF

    DEHUUDWLRQ DVWLJPDWLVP DQG FRPD FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK VWDQGDUG RSWLFDO GHVLJQ SUDFWLFHV

    >@

    $ 1RLVH

    7KH LPDJH VLJQDOWRQRLVH UDWLR 615 VKRXOG QRW EH OHVV WKDQ G% LQFOXVLYH RI DQ\ QRLVH LQWURGXFHG E\

    LPDJH FRPSUHVVLRQ WHFKQLTXHV 7KLV UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ PD\ EH DPHQGHG EDVHG RQ DYDLODELOLW\ RI SHUIRUPDQFH

    GDWD WKDW GRFXPHQWV WKH LPSDFW RI WKH SURSRVHG FKDQJH

    $ ,PDJH RULHQWDWLRQ

    7KH LPDJH VKRXOG FRQWDLQ HLWKHU WKH OHIW RU ULJKW H\H DQG VKRXOG EH SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH IROORZLQJ FDQRQLFDO IRUP

    ,I LW PXVW EH IOLSSHG HLWKHU KRUL]RQWDOO\ RU YHUWLFDOO\ WR DWWDLQ WKLV IRUP WKHQ SDUDPHWHUV LQ WKH KHDGHU VWUXFWXUH

    ZLOO LQGLFDWH WKH IOLS UHTXLUHG 7KH FDQRQLFDO IRUP LV DV IROORZV

    7KH LPDJH LV ULJKWVLGH XS LH XSSHU H\HOLGV DQG H\H EURZV DUH LQ WKH XSSHU SDUW RI WKH LPDJH

    7KH WHDU GXFW RU QDVDO FDQWKXV RI WKH ULJKW H\H LV RQ WKH ULJKW VLGH RI WKH LPDJH WKH WHDU GXFW RI

    WKH OHIW H\H LV RQ WKH OHIW VLGH RI WKH LPDJH

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • $ 3UHVHQWDWLRQ

    ,Q RUGHU WR REWDLQ WKH EHVW LULV UHFRJQLWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH DQG LQWHURSHUDELOLW\ FHUWDLQ SUDFWLFHV UHJDUGLQJ

    SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH LULV VKRXOG EH REVHUYHG 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV DUH DV IROORZV

    7KH KHDG VKRXOG EH KHOG DSSUR[LPDWHO\ YHUWLFDO QRW WLOWHG HLWKHU ZD\ VR WKDW D OLQH GUDZQ

    EHWZHHQ WKH FHQWUHV RI WKH OHIW DQG ULJKW LULVHV LV KRUL]RQWDO GHJUHHV 6RPH FDPHUDV ZLOO EH

    DEOH WR PHDVXUH WKH URWDWLRQ DQJOH E\ LPDJLQJ ERWK H\HV DQG FRQVWUXFWLQJ D OLQH EHWZHHQ WKHLU

    LULV FHQWUHV

    7KH H\H EHLQJ LPDJHG VKRXOG EH RSHQHG DV ZLGH DV SRVVLEOH LQ RUGHU WR PD[LPL]H WKH H[SRVHG

    LULV DUHD

    ([FHVVLYH SXSLO GLODWLRQ PD\ DIIHFW WKH TXDOLW\ RI HQUROOPHQW DQG SXSLO VL]H RI PP RU OHVV

    VKRXOG EH SUHVHQWHG

    (\HJODVVHV VKRXOG EH UHPRYHG ZKHQ FDSWXULQJ LPDJHV IRU HQUROOPHQW XVH LQ RUGHU WR RSWLPLVH

    WKH HQUROOPHQW TXDOLW\ DQG PLQLPL]H WKH VXEVHTXHQW IDOVH QRQPDWFK UDWH

    +DUG FRQWDFW OHQVHV DQG SDWWHUQHG VRIW FRQWDFW OHQVHV VKRXOG EH UHPRYHG

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • $QQH[ %

    LQIRUPDWLYH

    6DPSOH LPDJH GDWD UHFRUGV

    % 5HFWLOLQHDU GDWD UHFRUG VDPSOH VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    7DEOH % 5HFWLOLQHDU LULV LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    %\WHV 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    ,ULV 5HFRUG +HDGHU

    )RUPDW ,' ,,5

    [[ [[ [[ )RUPDW YHUVLRQ

    ( /HQJWK RI HQWLUH UHFRUG E\WHV

    [[ [[ &DSWXUH 'HYLFH ,'

    1R RI LULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SHV

    ' 5HFRUG KHDGHU OHQJWK [' E\WHV

    ,PDJH SURSHUW\ ELWILHOG [

    +RUL]RQWDO RULHQWDWLRQ 25,(17$7,21B)/,33('

    9HUWLFDO RULHQWDWLRQ 25,(17$7,21B%$6(

    6FDQ W\SH 6&$1B7

  • 7DEOH % (FRQWLQXHG)

    %\WHV 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    ,PDJH TXDOLW\ PHGLXP [ GHFLPDO

    )) )) 5RWDWLRQ DQJOH 527B$1*/(B81'() [))))

    )) )) 5RWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ 527B81&(57$,1B81'() [))))

    ( 6L]H RI LPDJH GDWD E\WHV E\WHV [(

    ,PDJH 'DWD

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    ,PDJH GDWD E\WHV

    7DEOH % &%()) KHDGHU IRU UHFWLOLQHDU LPDJH GDWD UHFRUG VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    &%()) )LHOG 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    &%())B%'%BTXDOLW\ 8QVLJQHG FKDU ,ULV LPDJH

    TXDOLW\

    ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH [

    GHFLPDO

    PHGLXP TXDOLW\

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWB RZQHU 8QVLJQHG VKRUW )RUPDW RZQHU [

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWB W\SH 8QVLJQHG VKRUW )RUPDW W\SH 7\SH [

    UHFWLOLQHDU

    &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFBW\SH 9DULRXV %LRPHWULF W\SH

    FRGH

    ,ULV W\SH FRGH VSHFLILHG LQ SDWURQ

    IRUPDW

    &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFBVXEW\SH 8QVLJQHG VKRUW 5LJKW RU OHIW H\H %LRPHWULF VXEW\SH [

    1R LQIRUPDWLRQ JLYHQ

    % 5HFWLOLQHDU GDWD UHFRUG VDPSOH PXOWLSOH H\HV PXOWLSOH LPDJHV

    7DEOH % 5HFWLOLQHDU LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN PXOWLSOH H\HV PXOWLSOH LPDJHV

    %\WH 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    ,ULV 5HFRUG +HDGHU

    )RUPDW ,' ,,5

    [[ [[ [[ )RUPDW YHUVLRQ

    &% ) /HQJWK RI HQWLUH UHFRUG [&& E\WHV

    [[ [[ &DSWXUH 'HYLFH ,'

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • 7DEOH % (FRQWLQXHG)

    %\WH 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    1R RI LULV ELRPHWULF VXEW\SHV

    ' 5HFRUG KHDGHU OHQJWK [' E\WHV

    ,PDJH SURSHUW\ ELWILHOG [

    +RUL]RQWDO RULHQWDWLRQ 25,(17$7,21B)/,33('

    9HUWLFDO RULHQWDWLRQ 25,(17$7,21B%$6(

    6FDQ W\SH 6&$1B7

  • 7DEOH % (FRQWLQXHG)

    %\WH 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    $ ,PDJH TXDOLW\ PHGLXP [$ GHFLPDO

    )) )) 5RWDWLRQ DQJOH 527B$1*/(B81'() [))))

    )) )) 5RWDWLRQ XQFHUWDLQW\ 527B81&(57$,1B81'() [))))

    6L]H RI LPDJH GDWD E\WHV E\WHV [

    ,PDJH 'DWD

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    ,PDJH GDWD E\WHV

    ,ULV %LRPHWULF 6XEW\SH +HDGHU

    %LRPHWULF VXEW\SH LGHQWLILHU [ (

  • 7DEOH % (FRQWLQXHG)

    %\WH 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    ,PDJH 'DWD

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    [[ [[ [[ [[

    ,PDJH GDWD E\WHV

    7DEOH % &%()) KHDGHU IRU UHFWLOLQHDU LPDJH GDWD UHFRUG PXOWLSOH H\HV PXOWLSOH LPDJHV

    &%()) )LHOG 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    &%())B%'%BTXDOLW\ 8QVLJQHG

    FKDU

    ,ULV LPDJH

    TXDOLW\

    ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH [

    QR LQIRUPDWLRQ JLYHQ

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWB RZQHU 8QVLJQHG

    VKRUW

    )RUPDW RZQHU [

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWB W\SH 8QVLJQHG

    VKRUW

    )RUPDW W\SH 7\SH [

    UHFWLOLQHDU

    &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFBW\SH 9DULRXV %LRPHWULF W\SH

    FRGH

    ,ULV W\SH FRGH VSHFLILHG LQ SDWURQ IRUPDW

    &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFB

    VXEW\SH

    8QVLJQHG

    VKRUW

    5LJKW RU OHIW H\H %LRPHWULF VXEW\SH [

    QR LQIRUPDWLRQ JLYHQ

    % 3RODU LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    7DEOH % 3RODU LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    %\WH 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    ,ULV 5HFRUG +HDGHU

    )RUPDW ,' ,,5

    [[ [[ [[ Form atYHUVLRQ

    % /HQJWK RI HQWLUH UHFRUG [% E\WHV

    [[ [[ &DSWXUH 'HYLFH ,'

    1R RI LULV IHDWXUHV

    ' 5HFRUG KHDGHU OHQJWK [' E\WHV

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • 7DEOH % (FRQWLQXHG)

    %\WH 9DOXH 'HVFULSWLRQ

    1 0 ,PDJH SURSHUW\ ELWILHOG [1 [0

    +RUL]RQWDO RULHQWDWLRQ 25,(17$7,21B%$6(

    9HUWLFDO RULHQWDWLRQ 25,(17$7,21B%$6(

    6FDQ W\SH 6&$1B7

  • 7DEOH % &%()) KHDGHU IRU SRODU LPDJH ELRPHWULF GDWD EORFN VLQJOH H\H VLQJOH LPDJH

    &%()) )LHOG 7\SH &RQWHQW 'HVFULSWLRQ

    &%())B%'%BTXDOLW\ 8QVLJQHG FKDU ,ULV LPDJH TXDOLW\ ,PDJH TXDOLW\ YDOXH [ GHFLPDO

    PHGLXP TXDOLW\

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWB

    RZQHU

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW )RUPDW RZQHU [

    &%())B%'%BIRUPDWB

    W\SH

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW )RUPDW W\SH 7\SH [

    SRODU

    &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFB

    W\SH

    9DULRXV %LRPHWULF W\SH

    FRGH

    ,ULV W\SH FRGH VSHFLILHG LQ SDWURQ IRUPDW

    &%())B%'%BELRPHWULFB

    VXEW\SH

    8QVLJQHG VKRUW 5LJKW RU OHIW H\H %LRPHWULF VXEW\SH [

    ULJKW H\H

    %6 ,62,(&

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI

  • %LEOLRJUDSK\

    >@ $16,1,67 ,QIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ %LR$3, VSHFLILFDWLRQ

    >@ $16,; ; %LRPHWULF LQIRUPDWLRQ PDQDJHPHQW DQG VHFXULW\

    >@ 'DXJPDQ - +LJK FRQILGHQFH YLVXDO UHFRJQLWLRQ RI SHUVRQV E\ D WHVW RI VWDWLVWLFDO LQGHSHQGHQFH

    ,((( 7UDQV 3DWWHUQ $QDO 0DFKLQH ,QWHOO

    >@ 6PLWK :DUUHQ - 0RGHUQ 2SWLFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 7KH 'HVLJQ RI 2SWLFDO 6\VWHPV 0F*UDZ+LOO ,QF 1HZ

  • %6 ,62,(&

    %6,

    &KLVZLFN +LJK 5RDG

    /RQGRQ

    : $/

    %6, %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV ,QVWLWXWLRQ

    %6, LV WKH LQGHSHQGHQW QDWLRQDO ERG\ UHVSRQVLEOH IRU SUHSDULQJ

    %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV ,W SUHVHQWV WKH 8. YLHZ RQ VWDQGDUGV LQ (XURSH DQG DW WKH

    LQWHUQDWLRQDO OHYHO ,W LV LQFRUSRUDWHG E\ 5R\DO &KDUWHU

    5HYLVLRQV

    %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV DUH XSGDWHG E\ DPHQGPHQW RU UHYLVLRQ 8VHUV RI

    %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV VKRXOG PDNH VXUH WKDW WKH\ SRVVHVV WKH ODWHVW DPHQGPHQWV RU

    HGLWLRQV

    ,W LV WKH FRQVWDQW DLP RI %6, WR LPSURYH WKH TXDOLW\ RI RXU SURGXFWV DQG VHUYLFHV

    :H ZRXOG EH JUDWHIXO LI DQ\RQH ILQGLQJ DQ LQDFFXUDF\ RU DPELJXLW\ ZKLOH XVLQJ

    WKLV %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUG ZRXOG LQIRUP WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI WKH WHFKQLFDO FRPPLWWHH

    UHVSRQVLEOH WKH LGHQWLW\ RI ZKLFK FDQ EH IRXQG RQ WKH LQVLGH IURQW FRYHU

    7HO )D[

    %6, RIIHUV PHPEHUV DQ LQGLYLGXDO XSGDWLQJ VHUYLFH FDOOHG 3/86 ZKLFK HQVXUHV

    WKDW VXEVFULEHUV DXWRPDWLFDOO\ UHFHLYH WKH ODWHVW HGLWLRQV RI VWDQGDUGV

    %X\LQJ VWDQGDUGV

    2UGHUV IRU DOO %6, LQWHUQDWLRQDO DQG IRUHLJQ VWDQGDUGV SXEOLFDWLRQV VKRXOG EH

    DGGUHVVHG WR &XVWRPHU 6HUYLFHV 7HO

    )D[ (PDLO RUGHUV#EVLJOREDOFRP 6WDQGDUGV DUH DOVR

    DYDLODEOH IURP WKH %6, ZHEVLWH DW KWWSZZZEVLJOREDOFRP

    ,Q UHVSRQVH WR RUGHUV IRU LQWHUQDWLRQDO VWDQGDUGV LW LV %6, SROLF\ WR VXSSO\ WKH

    %6, LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKRVH WKDW KDYH EHHQ SXEOLVKHG DV %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV

    XQOHVV RWKHUZLVH UHTXHVWHG

    ,QIRUPDWLRQ RQ VWDQGDUGV

    %6, SURYLGHV D ZLGH UDQJH RI LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ QDWLRQDO (XURSHDQ DQG

    LQWHUQDWLRQDO VWDQGDUGV WKURXJK LWV /LEUDU\ DQG LWV 7HFKQLFDO +HOS WR ([SRUWHUV

    6HUYLFH 9DULRXV %6, HOHFWURQLF LQIRUPDWLRQ VHUYLFHV DUH DOVR DYDLODEOH ZKLFK JLYH

    GHWDLOV RQ DOO LWV SURGXFWV DQG VHUYLFHV &RQWDFW WKH ,QIRUPDWLRQ &HQWUH

    7HO )D[ (PDLO LQIR#EVLJOREDOFRP

    6XEVFULELQJ PHPEHUV RI %6, DUH NHSW XS WR GDWH ZLWK VWDQGDUGV GHYHORSPHQWV

    DQG UHFHLYH VXEVWDQWLDO GLVFRXQWV RQ WKH SXUFKDVH SULFH RI VWDQGDUGV )RU GHWDLOV

    RI WKHVH DQG RWKHU EHQHILWV FRQWDFW 0HPEHUVKLS $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ

    7HO )D[

    (PDLO PHPEHUVKLS#EVLJOREDOFRP

    ,QIRUPDWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ RQOLQH DFFHVV WR %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV YLD %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV

    2QOLQH FDQ EH IRXQG DW KWWSZZZEVLJOREDOFRPEVRQOLQH

    )XUWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW %6, LV DYDLODEOH RQ WKH %6, ZHEVLWH DW

    KWWSZZZEVLJOREDOFRP

    &RS\ULJKW

    &RS\ULJKW VXEVLVWV LQ DOO %6, SXEOLFDWLRQV %6, DOVR KROGV WKH FRS\ULJKW LQ WKH

    8. RI WKH SXEOLFDWLRQV RI WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ ERGLHV ([FHSW DV

    SHUPLWWHG XQGHU WKH &RS\ULJKW 'HVLJQV DQG 3DWHQWV $FW QR H[WUDFW PD\ EH

    UHSURGXFHG VWRUHG LQ D UHWULHYDO V\VWHP RU WUDQVPLWWHG LQ DQ\ IRUP RU E\ DQ\

    PHDQV HOHFWURQLF SKRWRFRS\LQJ UHFRUGLQJ RU RWKHUZLVH ZLWKRXW SULRU ZULWWHQ

    SHUPLVVLRQ IURP %6,

    7KLV GRHV QRW SUHFOXGH WKH IUHH XVH LQ WKH FRXUVH RI LPSOHPHQWLQJ WKH VWDQGDUG

    RI QHFHVVDU\ GHWDLOV VXFK DV V\PEROV DQG VL]H W\SH RU JUDGH GHVLJQDWLRQV ,I WKHVH

    GHWDLOV DUH WR EH XVHG IRU DQ\ RWKHU SXUSRVH WKDQ LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ WKHQ WKH SULRU

    ZULWWHQ SHUPLVVLRQ RI %6, PXVW EH REWDLQHG

    'HWDLOV DQG DGYLFH FDQ EH REWDLQHG IURP WKH &RS\ULJKW /LFHQVLQJ0DQDJHU

    7HO )D[

    (PDLO FRS\ULJKW#EVLJOREDOFRP

    Lice

    nsed

    Cop

    y: n

    a na

    , Uni

    vers

    ity o

    f Cen

    tral E

    ngla

    nd, W

    ed N

    ov 0

    7 14

    :47:

    15 G

    MT+

    00:0

    0 20

    07, U

    ncon

    trolle

    d Co

    py, (c

    ) BSI