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IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
1
Project Title: Impact of Various PGRs on Branching of Florist Azalea (2009 Trial) Protocol #: 08-014 PGRs Used : Atrimmec (PR# 27876) Fascination (PR# 27014) MaxCel (PR# 21496) Tiburon 2.8SC (PR# 27012)
Narrative Summary (Results/Discussion)
Note: These project requests specified “field container” as the production site. Due to the
length of the trial and the florist type of Azalea obtained, we chose to conduct the trial in a
greenhouse. In addition, we chose to use the “Optional Pruning Regime” specified in IR4
Protocol 08-014 (Appendix A).
Rhododendron „Remembrance‟
Branching Efficacy. Two weeks after the second application of PGRs, Azalea plants treated with
Tiburon had significantly more shoots per plant than the control plants (Tables 2, 5a and 5b,
Figures 1, 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d). At 7 weeks, however, there were no differences among the
treatments. At week 14, the control plants had the most shoots per plant and those treated with
Fascination and Atrimmec had significantly fewer shoots per plant than the controls. By the final
week 24, there were no significant differences among the treatments. Although some of the
PGRs showed increased branching during the crop cycle, by the end all Azalea plants had similar
numbers of shoots per plant.
Phytotoxicity. At week 4, Azalea plants treated with Atrimmec had significantly higher
phytotoxicity ratings than those in the other treatment groups (Tables 2 and 5c, Figures 2, 3a, 3b,
3c and 3d). At week 7, plants in both the Atrimmec and Fascination treatment groups had
significantly higher phytotoxicity ratings than those in the other groups. Symptoms included
partial or complete leaf necrosis for both Atrimmec and Fascination, and partial dieback of
shoots for Atrimmec. By weeks 14 and 24, however, there were no significant differences among
the treatments. Because the mode of action for Atrimmec involves burning of shoot tips to
induce branching, these results are to be expected. Although the mean phytotoxicity ratings were
low at the end of the trial, a few individual Azalea plants in the Tiburon and Fascination
treatment groups had ratings of 3 which reflects marginal marketability. The symptoms seen on
these plants were leaf chlorosis and marginal spotting which could have been due to nutritional
factors.
Plant Growth. On all measurement dates, Azalea plants treated with Atrimmec had significantly
smaller values for plant height and width, again reflecting this material’s mode of action (Tables
2, 5a and 5b, Figure 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d). At weeks 14 and 24, plants treated with Fascination had
significantly smaller values for plant width than those for the control plants. Tiburon and
MaxCel showed no significant plant height or width differences compared to the control plants.
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
2
Materials & Methods
Plant Material and Culture. The plants for this trial were grown as indicated in Tables 1 and 3.
After transplanting and prior to the experiment, the plants were grown on in a greenhouse under
natural day length and irrigated by hand with a half-strength Hoagland’s solution. The
experiment ran from June 3, 2009 to December 16, 2009 in a greenhouse under natural day
length. The half-strength Hoagland’s solution was replaced on June 19, 2009 with a topdress
application of Osmocote Pro Plus 15-9-12 including micronutrients. The plants were then
irrigated by hand with deionized water daily or as needed. Greenhouse temperatures during the
trial are summarized in Figure 4.
Experimental Procedure. Forty five plants were randomly chosen and placed into treatment
groups identified as Control, Cyclanilide (Tiburon), Fascination, MaxCel and Atrimmec with 9
replicates per treatment. The dosages for each PGR were prescribed in IR4 Ornamental Protocol
08-014 (Appendix A). Cyclanilide (Tiburon) was mixed with Latron B-1956 surfactant (Bayer
Cropscience, Kansas City, MO) at the rate of 0.1 mL/L. The materials were applied as foliar
sprays on June 3, 2009 and again on July 3, 2009. The plants were pruned back on July 20, 2009,
2 weeks after the second PGR application. Initial plant measurements were taken at that time.
Data Collection. Using the week of the second PGR application as week 0 for the purpose of
data collection, plant measurements and shoot counts were taken at weeks 2, 7, 14 and 24
corresponding to July 20, August 22, October 9 and December 16, 2009. Phytotoxicity ratings
were taken at weeks 4, 7, 14 and 24 corresponding to August 3, August 22, October 9 and
December 16, 2009. Plant height (cm) was measured from the container soil surface to the top of
the plant canopy. Plant width (cm) was measured twice along perpendicular lines at the widest
part of the plant, resulting in W1 and W2. The total numbers of shoots per plant were counted on
each date including lower primary branches. Visual phytotoxicity evaluations were based on a
numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (no injury) to 10 (complete kill) (Table 4).
Statistical Analysis. The data were analyzed using JMP 8 software (SAS Institute). The mean
phytotoxicity ratings, plant heights, widths and shoot numbers per plant were analyzed for
significant differences using t-tests.
Acknowledgements The research was supported through funding from the USDA IR-4 Program, Western Region
based at UC Davis, Davis, CA.
Personnel involved in this project included Linda Dodge (trial coordination, data collection and
report compilation), Ron Lane (pesticide application, pest management), Maria Contador, Ho-
Yun Kim, Tim Lukaszewski, Paul Preston and Mary Lieth (plant culture, data collection).
The materials being tested were supplied by the manufacturer/distributor. The Azalea plants
were supplied by Yoder Bros, Alva FL.
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
3
Table 1. Timeline for Azalea PGR experiment. The “Optional Pruning Regime” from IR4 Protocol 08-014 (Appendix A) was chosen for this experiment. The plants received two applications of PGRs 4 weeks apart and were pruned 2 weeks after the second PGR application.
Azalea ‘Remembrance’ PGR Trial Timeline
Date
Weeks after transplant
Weeks after 2nd PGR application Action
2009_04_15 0 -- Liners transplanted to 1-gallon coir
2009_06_03 7 -- PGRs first application
2009_07_03 12 0 PGRs second application
2009_07_20 14 2 Plants pruned, measurements
2009_08_03 16 4 Phyto ratings, measurements
2009_08_22 19 7 Phyto ratings, measurements
2009_10_09 26 14 Phyto ratings, measurements
2009_12_16 36 24 Phyto ratings, measurements
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
4
Table 2. Phytotoxicity, plant growth and shoots per plant for Azalea plants over 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and pruning at week 2. Differing letters a, b, c… designate significant differences among the means; "Yes" or "no" indicates whether there was an overall significant treatment effect at the 5% level (NA means no variation in data; "yes at 10%" means treatment effect was significant at 10% but not at the 5% level). Means ± SE (n=9) Phytotoxicity Effect of PGRs on Azalea
Treatment 4 weeks yes 7 weeks yes 14 weeks no 24 weeks no Control 1.00 ± 0.15 b 0.11 ± 0.14 c 0.00 ± 0.06 a 0.56 ± 0.27 a Tiburon 0.78 ± 0.33 b 0.11 ± 0.11 c 0.11 ± 0.15 a 0.56 ± 0.33 a Fascination 1.11 ± 0.35 b 0.89 ± 0.26 b 0.22 ± 0.23 a 1.00 ± 0.48 a MaxCel 0.89 ± 0.20 b 0.11 ± 0.11 c 0.00 ± 0.06 a 0.11 ± 0.16 a Atrimmec 2.56 ± 0.22 a 2.78 ± 0.45 a 1.00 ± 0.76 a 0.56 ± 0.53 a Effect of PGRs on Azalea Height (cm)
Treatment 2 weeks yes 7 weeks yes 14 weeks yes 24 weeks yes Control 12.67 ± 0.50 ab 16.22 ± 0.50 a 22.61 ± 0.70 a 25.00 ± 0.70 a Tiburon 12.78 ± 0.44 ab 15.83 ± 0.59 a 23.22 ± 1.12 a 25.78 ± 1.27 a Fascination 14.00 ± 0.60 a 17.72 ± 1.22 a 21.17 ± 1.06 a 23.11 ± 1.03 ab MaxCel 13.28 ± 0.70 a 17.22 ± 0.64 a 23.61 ± 1.02 a 25.11 ± 1.40 a Atrimmec 11.28 ± 0.60 b 12.94 ± 0.79 b 17.67 ± 1.33 b 19.89 ± 1.30 b Effect of PGRs on Azalea Mean Width (cm)
Treatment 2 weeks no 7 weeks yes 14 weeks yes 24 weeks yes Control 15.42 ± 0.98 ab 25.00 ± 1.47 a 33.03 ± 1.55 a 36.11 ± 1.49 a Tiburon 14.69 ± 0.85 ab 23.36 ± 1.61 a 28.78 ± 1.49 ab 32.31 ± 1.71 ab Fascination 14.61 ± 0.85 ab 20.94 ± 2.29 a 26.47 ± 2.58 bc 29.81 ± 2.44 bc MaxCel 16.31 ± 1.32 a 22.72 ± 1.55 a 29.53 ± 1.49 ab 34.08 ± 1.77 ab Atrimmec 12.83 ± 0.87 b 14.64 ± 0.98 b 22.78 ± 2.33 c 26.22 ± 2.22 c Effect of PGRs on Azalea Number of Shoots per plant
Treatment 2 weeks yes 7 weeks no 14 weeks
yes at 10% 24 weeks no
Control 8.67 ± 0.88 b 37.56 ± 3.97 a 50.89 ± 4.23 a 65.89 ± 7.53 a Tiburon 12.67 ± 1.21 a 33.00 ± 4.03 a 45.00 ± 3.84 abc 60.78 ± 6.18 ab Fascination 9.11 ± 0.80 b 27.56 ± 2.87 a 37.33 ± 4.03 bc 53.56 ± 4.82 ab MaxCel 11.00 ± 1.25 ab 37.11 ± 3.53 a 47.89 ± 4.79 ab 65.44 ± 3.90 ab Atrimmec 9.00 ± 0.86 b 34.67 ± 4.07 a 35.22 ± 4.28 c 48.22 ± 6.66 b
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
5
Effect of PGRs on Azalea (Number of Shoots per plant)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
weeks after application
Nu
mb
er
of
sh
oo
ts p
er
pla
nt
Control
Tiburon
Fascination
MaxCel
Atrimmec
Figure 1. Number of shoots per plant for Azalea plants over 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and pruning at week 2. Means ± SE (n = 9)
Phytotoxicity Effect of PGRs on Azalea
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Weeks after application
Ph
yto
toxic
ity R
ati
ng
(0 -
10)
Control
Tiburon
Fascination
MaxCel
Atrimmec
Figure 2. Phytotoxicity ratings for Azalea plants over 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and pruning at week 2. Means ± SE (n = 9). See Table 4 for explanation of ratings.
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
6
Block A
Block B
Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3a. Azalea plants 2 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and after pruning.
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
7
Block A
Block B
Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3b. Azalea plants 7 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs.
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
8
Block A
Block B
Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3c. Azalea plants 14 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs.
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
9
Block A
Block B
Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3d. Azalea plants 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs.
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
10
Table 3. Materials & Methods/Recordkeeping Protocol number
08-014 08-014 08-014 08-014
Product Short Name
Atrimmec (Dikegulac sodium)
Fascination (6-Benzyladenine + Gibberellic Acid)
MaxCel (6-Benzyladenine)
Tiburon 2.8SC (Cyclanilide)
Application rate
4 fl. oz./gal 1000 ppm 500 ppm 100 ppm
Production Site Description
Greenhouse container
Greenhouse container
Greenhouse container
Greenhouse container
PR Number 27876 27014 21496 27012
Crop Latin Name
Rhododendron sp. Rhododendron sp. Rhododendron sp. Rhododendron sp.
Crop Common Name
Azalea Azalea Azalea Azalea
Crop Cultivar Remembrance Remembrance Remembrance Remembrance
Plant Source Liners from Yoder Bros. 2009_03_10
Liners from Yoder Bros. 2009_03_10
Liners from Yoder Bros. 2009_03_10
Liners from Yoder Bros. 2009_03_10
Transplant Date
2009_04_15 2009_04_15 2009_04_15 2009_04_15
Potting Mix Coconut coir Coconut coir Coconut coir Coconut coir
Pot Size 1-gallon 1-gallon 1-gallon 1-gallon
Spacing Pot-to-pot Pot-to-pot Pot-to-pot Pot-to-pot
Expt. Design RCB RCB RCB RCB
Number of Reps
3 blocks with 3 reps per block = 9
3 blocks with 3 reps per block = 9
3 blocks with 3 reps per block = 9
3 blocks with 3 reps per block = 9
Fertilizer Type Osmocote 15-9-12
Osmocote 15-9-12
Osmocote 15-9-12
Osmocote 15-9-12
Fertilizer Application Date
20009_06_19 20009_06_19 20009_06_19 20009_06_19
Other Actions Between 2009_04_15 and 2009_06_19 plants were irrigated with ½ strength Hoagland’s solution
Between 2009_04_15 and 2009_06_19 plants were irrigated with ½ strength Hoagland’s solution
Between 2009_04_15 and 2009_06_19 plants were irrigated with ½ strength Hoagland’s solution
Between 2009_04_15 and 2009_06_19 plants were irrigated with ½ strength Hoagland’s solution
Irrigation type and frequency
Irrigated by hand daily or as needed
Irrigated by hand daily or as needed
Irrigated by hand daily or as needed
Irrigated by hand daily or as needed
First Application Date
2009_06_03 2009_06_03 2009_06_03 2009_06_03
Second Application
2009_07_03 2009_07_03 2009_07_03 2009_07_03
Final Measurements Date
2009_12_16 2009_12_16 2009_12_16 2009_12_16
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
11
Figure 4. Greenhouse temperatures (F) during the experiment from 2009_06_03 to 2009_12_16.
Air Temperature - UCD Greenhouse 181
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
4/27
/2009
0:0
0
5/27
/2009
0:0
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6/26
/2009
0:0
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7/26
/2009
0:0
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8/25
/2009
0:0
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9/24
/2009
0:0
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10/24/2
009
0:00
11/23/2
009
0:00
12/23/2
009
0:00
1/22
/2010
0:0
0
Tem
pera
ture
(F
)
Table 4. Numerical plant damage rating scale used for phytotoxicity determinations.
Rating Description of plant damage
0 No damage
1 No visible damage but unintended (non-permanent) impact
2 Slight leaf/tissue damage (curling leaves, necrosis, etc.)
3 Marginal chlorosis on some leaves (damage on up to 10% of plant)
4 10% – 20% of plant damaged
5 Significant damage to much of plant (30% - 40%)
6 40% – 60% of plant damaged
7 Chlorosis or necrosis on most of plant (60% - 70%)
8 Abscised leaves, branch dieback
9 Tissue severely damaged (80% - 100% of plant)
10 Complete kill
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
12
Table 5a. Raw Data for Azalea. Plant size and number of shoots per plant at weeks 2 and 7.
Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Report Form
Azalea Florist PGRs IR4 Trial Plant Size at week 2 Plant Size at week 7
# of Height Width1 Width 2 # of Height Width1 Width 2 Treatment Block Rep Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm) Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm)
Control A 1 12 13 23.5 13.5 48 16 31 25 Control A 2 12 13.5 20 16 49 19.5 33 30 Control A 3 9 13 21 18 42 15 29 27.5 Control B 1 9 12 15.5 12 34 16.5 34.5 26 Control B 2 6 13 13.5 9 20 17.5 28.5 17 Control B 3 5 13.5 13 10.5 23 16.5 19.5 17.5 Control C 1 9 12.5 18 15.5 45 15 22 19.5 Control C 2 7 13 16.5 15 46 15 25.5 21 Control C 3 9 10.5 15.5 11.5 31 15 25.5 19
Mean 8.67 12.67 17.39 13.44 37.56 16.22 27.61 22.50
Tiburon A 1 7 10 13 9 17 14 23 20.5 Tiburon A 2 15 11.5 13.5 13.5 23 16 18 17.5 Tiburon A 3 16 14 18.5 16.5 42 17.5 31 24 Tiburon B 1 14 12 14.5 13 34 14.5 24 19.5 Tiburon B 2 14 12 21 16.5 56 15.5 32.5 29.5 Tiburon B 3 9 12 13 11.5 27 14 17 16 Tiburon C 1 11 14.5 17 10 23 16 27 24 Tiburon C 2 10 14 16 15.5 32 16 25.5 21 Tiburon C 3 18 15 16.5 16 43 19 25.5 25
Mean 12.67 12.78 15.89 13.50 33.00 15.83 24.83 21.89
Fascination A 1 5 12 14 11.5 30 15 15 10.5 Fascination A 2 6 12 13.5 14 23 17.5 22.5 17.5 Fascination A 3 9 14 15.5 13 29 19.5 29.5 21 Fascination B 1 10 14.5 11.5 11.5 19 16 15 14 Fascination B 2 11 11.5 22 14 43 15 37.5 29 Fascination B 3 13 17 19 16 26 26 33.5 28 Fascination C 1 7 15 14 13.5 18 17.5 20 15 Fascination C 2 11 17 20.5 14.5 35 19.5 24 15 Fascination C 3 10 13 14 11 25 13.5 17 13
Mean 9.11 14.00 16.00 13.22 27.56 17.72 23.78 18.11
MaxCel A 1 8 14 20 19.5 34 19.5 31.5 27.5 MaxCel A 2 9 12 14 12.5 36 17 22 21.5 MaxCel A 3 6 9.5 11 10.5 26 16 21 15 MaxCel B 1 8 11 16.5 13 28 14 25.5 17 MaxCel B 2 15 16 17.5 16.5 31 19.5 23.5 20.5 MaxCel B 3 13 13 23 16 54 18 32 27 MaxCel C 1 13 16 13.5 11 27 18 17 16 MaxCel C 2 18 16 23 23 56 18 29 25 MaxCel C 3 9 12 17.5 15.5 42 15 21 17
Mean 11.00 13.28 17.33 15.28 37.11 17.22 24.72 20.72
Atrimmec A 1 10 11.5 16.5 8 29 13.5 20 13.5 Atrimmec A 2 12 8.5 19 11 9 10 13.5 8.5 Atrimmec A 3 9 8.5 10 8 23 11 14.5 12.5 Atrimmec B 1 12 12 8.5 8 29 10.5 13.5 11 Atrimmec B 2 7 10.5 13 9.5 33 14 16 13 Atrimmec B 3 9 15 18 11 51 17 19.5 11.5 Atrimmec C 1 4 13.5 14 12 46 16 14.5 11.5 Atrimmec C 2 9 11.5 17 15 38 13 17 16.5 Atrimmec C 3 9 10.5 18.5 14 54 11.5 21.5 15.5
Mean 9.00 11.28 14.94 10.72 34.67 12.94 16.67 12.61
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
13
Table 5b. Raw Data for Azalea. Plant size and number of shoots per plant at weeks 14 and 24.
Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Report Form
Azalea Florist PGRs IR4 Trial Plant Size at week 14 Plant Size at week 24
# of Height Width1 Width 2 # of Height Width1 Width 2 Treatment Block Rep Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm) Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm)
Control A 1 62 23 39 33 115 25.5 45 39.5 Control A 2 64 22 41.5 35 70 27 43.5 37 Control A 3 51 20 37 31 79 25 41.5 33 Control B 1 64 22 39.5 32 65 22.5 36.5 38 Control B 2 34 27 29.5 21 34 27 26.5 32.5 Control B 3 39 23 30 22 46 21.5 27 33.5 Control C 1 50 23.5 39 38 69 25 41.5 41.5 Control C 2 50 20 33 30 59 27 37.5 28 Control C 3 44 23 33 31 56 24.5 37.5 30.5
Mean 50.89 22.61 35.72 30.33 65.89 25.00 37.39 34.83
Tiburon A 1 33 22 33 25.5 40 24.5 26.5 31 Tiburon A 2 33 24 28 20 37 24.5 26 29.5 Tiburon A 3 51 22 38.5 31 72 23.5 45.5 36.5 Tiburon B 1 52 26 26 26 78 33.5 35 32 Tiburon B 2 57 23 40.5 33 88 24 38.5 41.5 Tiburon B 3 30 18 27 22 53 25 31 24.5 Tiburon C 1 40 20 28.5 24 49 20.5 32.5 22.5 Tiburon C 2 43 24 28 26 61 26 30.5 33 Tiburon C 3 66 30 32 29 69 30.5 35 30.5
Mean 45.00 23.22 31.28 26.28 60.78 25.78 33.39 31.22
Fascination A 1 32 19 22 16 63 23 28 22 Fascination A 2 46 21 33 31 62 23 35 34 Fascination A 3 36 21 30 28 48 21.5 34.5 31 Fascination B 1 20 17.5 17 14 20 18 17 15 Fascination B 2 47 21 40 39 71 23 39.5 37.5 Fascination B 3 55 26 33 32 55 29.5 40 35.5 Fascination C 1 32 26 28.5 24 51 25.5 32 29.5 Fascination C 2 40 22 28 24 61 23 28.5 32.5 Fascination C 3 28 17 23 14 51 21.5 21.5 23.5
Mean 37.33 21.17 28.28 24.67 53.56 23.11 30.67 28.94
MaxCel A 1 45 29 40 36.5 57 30 40 38 MaxCel A 2 45 22.5 35 24 73 20.5 41.5 31.5 MaxCel A 3 36 20.5 28.5 25 65 24 31 32.5 MaxCel B 1 33 23 28.5 25.5 49 25 33.5 32 MaxCel B 2 34 21 28.5 26 50 23 26 31.5 MaxCel B 3 57 22.5 40 32 64 24 45 46 MaxCel C 1 47 26.5 28 24 76 31 31.5 33.5 MaxCel C 2 85 26.5 35 26 93 29.5 36.5 29 MaxCel C 3 49 21 27 22 62 19 30 24.5
Mean 47.89 23.61 32.28 26.78 65.44 25.11 35.00 33.17
Atrimmec A 1 29 20 33 24 54 24 37 27 Atrimmec A 2 4 7 10 8.5 6 12 14 12 Atrimmec A 3 25 18 30 24 32 21 33 27 Atrimmec B 1 34 21 26 22 53 25.5 30 27 Atrimmec B 2 33 17 25 23 36 18 25.5 26.5 Atrimmec B 3 51 19 20 16 68 19.5 26 17.5 Atrimmec C 1 46 19 21 18.5 56 19 26 21.5 Atrimmec C 2 41 21 23 20 55 22 24.5 27.5 Atrimmec C 3 54 17 39 27 74 18 40.5 29.5
Mean 35.22 17.67 25.22 20.33 48.22 19.89 28.50 23.94
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
14
Table 5c. Raw Data for Azalea. Phytotoxicity ratings at weeks 4, 7, 14 and 24. (Scale 1 – 10; see Table 6 for explanation of ratings.) Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Report Form
Azalea Florist PGRs IR4 Trial Phytotoxicity at week
Treatment Block Rep 4 7 14 24
Control A 1 2 1 0 0 Control A 2 1 0 0 1 Control A 3 1 0 0 0 Control B 1 1 0 0 1 Control B 2 1 0 0 1 Control B 3 0 0 0 0 Control C 1 1 0 0 2 Control C 2 1 0 0 0 Control C 3 1 0 0 0
Mean 1.00 0.11 0.00 0.56
Tiburon A 1 0 0 0 0 Tiburon A 2 0 0 0 0 Tiburon A 3 0 0 0 3 Tiburon B 1 0 0 0 0 Tiburon B 2 1 0 0 1 Tiburon B 3 2 0 0 0 Tiburon C 1 0 0 1 1 Tiburon C 2 2 1 0 0 Tiburon C 3 2 0 0 0
Mean 0.78 0.11 0.11 0.56
Fascination A 1 1 1 0 0 Fascination A 2 0 0 0 0 Fascination A 3 2 0 0 3 Fascination B 1 1 1 2 3 Fascination B 2 2 0 0 0 Fascination B 3 0 0 0 3 Fascination C 1 3 2 0 0 Fascination C 2 0 2 0 0 Fascination C 3 1 2 0 0
Mean 1.11 0.89 0.22 1.00
MaxCel A 1 2 0 0 0 MaxCel A 2 1 0 0 0 MaxCel A 3 1 0 0 0 MaxCel B 1 1 0 0 0 MaxCel B 2 0 0 0 0 MaxCel B 3 1 0 0 0 MaxCel C 1 1 0 0 0 MaxCel C 2 1 1 0 1 MaxCel C 3 0 0 0 0
Mean 0.89 0.11 0.00 0.11
Atrimmec A 1 3 3 0 0 Atrimmec A 2 3 6 7 5 Atrimmec A 3 3 2 0 0 Atrimmec B 1 3 3 0 0 Atrimmec B 2 2 1 0 0 Atrimmec B 3 1 2 2 0 Atrimmec C 1 3 3 0 0 Atrimmec C 2 2 2 0 0 Atrimmec C 3 3 3 0 0
Mean 2.56 2.78 1.00 0.56
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
15
Appendix A
Impact of various PGRs on branching of woody ornamentals.
Ornamental Protocol Number: 08-014
Objective: Determine whether certain PGR materials enhance the branching pattern of certain ornamentals
Experimental Design: Plot Size: Must be adequate to reflect actual use conditions.
Replicates: Minimum of 10 replications of same cultivar; attempting to select replicates of similar initial
branching
Application Instructions: Applications should be made using equipment consistent with conventional commercial
application equipment. Foliar spray only. Plant stage: make application on established plants in either 1 or 3 gallon
pots. Rooted cuttings preferred. Transplant, and then treat when roots reach bottom of pot or at a set point in time.
Applications should be made during active growth, at least one week after bud break. See treatment list for when to
prune plants. Note timings in final report. Apply second application approximately 4 weeks after 1st treatment.
Target Plant Species: Azalea/rhododendron, rose. Holly and Indian hawthorn are alternatives, but contact
regional coordinator if interested in these plants.
Use Site: Greenhouse/Field Container/Field In-ground
Evaluations: Height, diameter, number of shoots, phytotoxicity (with 0 being no phytotoxicity and 10 being
plant death), and, depending on age & plant type, flowering length. Initial assessments should be made
prior initial treatment. Assessments should be made approximately 4 to 6 weeks after last application and
then at 3 and 6 months, depending on plant material and plant growth. A count of flowers and/or flower
bud formation at 3 or 6 months after last application should also be made.
If different application methods or evaluations are made, please clearly specify differences in final report and
explain how they enhanced results.
Recordkeeping: Keep detailed records of weather conditions including temperature and precipitation, soil-type or
soil-less media, application equipment, application volume per acre, irrigation, pot/liner size, plant height & width,
and plant growth stage at application and data collection dates. Please include photos of examples of untreated
plants and any treated plants exhibiting responses to treatments, taking photographs of any clear enhancement or
detraction from visual quality at the end of the experiment.
Reports: Reports submitted on the standard IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Research Report Form are preferred. However,
reports in other formats are acceptable as long as those reports are amended with detailed experimental
design and materials and methods, along with raw data, recordkeeping information, and any pictures.
A report submitted electronically is preferred but not required. If the report is provided electronically, the basic
report can be sent in MS Word or WordPerfect, the recordkeeping information as pdf or other electronic
documents, and the raw data in MS Excel or other suitable program such as ARM.
Please direct questions to: Cristi Palmer, IR-4 HQ, Rutgers University, 681 US Hwy 1 S, North Brunswick, NJ
08902-3390, Phone 732-932-9575 x629, [email protected] OR Ely Vea, 308 Aston Forest Lane,
Crownsville, MD 21032, Phone & FAX#: 410-923-4880, E-mail: [email protected].
Draft Date: 3/26/08
Revised By: CLP
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form
Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis
PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012
16
Treatments:
Product
Priority Rate(s) Special
Instructions
Contact Information
to obtain materials and any needed adjuvants
Cyclanalid
2.8SC +
penetrating
surfactant
A 100
ppm
Foliar
applications.
Do not prune
plants.
Bayer Environmental Sciences, Don Myers,
Fascination
(6BA +
GA4+7), Valent
OR
Fresco (6BA +
GA4+7), Fine
A 1000
ppm
Do not prune
plants.
Valent, Joe Chamberlin, 770-985-0303,
Fine Americas, Kevin Forney, 661-588-7137,
Exilis Plus
(6BA), Fine +
non-ionic or
silicone-based
surfactant
OR
MaxCel (6BA),
Valent
B 500
ppm
Foliar
applications.
Do not prune
plants.
Fine Americas, Kevin Forney, 661-588-7137,
Valent, Joe Chamberlin, 770-985-0303,
Atrimmec
(dikegulac
sodium)
B 4 fl. oz.
per gal.
Do not prune
plants.
PBI Gordon, Gary Custis, , [email protected]
Untreated -- --
Optional Pruning Regime
Treatments: Product Priority Rate(s) Special Instructions Contact
Cyclanalid 2.8SC + penetrating
surfactant
A 100 ppm Prune plants 2
weeks after second
treatment (but not if
buds have already
started to break)
See above.
Fascination (6BA + GA4+7),
Valent
OR
Fresco (6BA + GA4+7), Fine
A 1000 ppm Prune plants 2
weeks after second
treatment (but not if
buds have already
started to break)
See above.
Exilis Plus (6BA), Fine
OR
MaxCel (6BA), Valent
B 500 ppm Prune plants 2
weeks after second
treatment (but not if
buds have already
started to break)
See above.
Atrimmec (dikegulac sodium) B 4 fl. oz./gal Prune plants 2
weeks after second
treatment (but not if
buds have already
started to break)
See above.
Untreated Prune plants 2 weeks after second treatment
(but not if buds have already started to
break)