ipv6 and gns3(draft v 1.4)

8/9/2019 IPv6 and GNS3(Draft v 1.4)

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IPv6 network in GNS3

OLT KBO SNYERS Frdric


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Outline

Introduction IPv6

IPv6 Addressing

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) GNS3 Setup

GNS3 Connectivity


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Introduction to IPv6


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Introduction IPv6 Shortcomings IPv4:

Limited address space (IPv4 32-bit -> IPv6 128-bit) Forces using of NAT | Private and public addresses

Address configuration issues Need for DHCP

IPsec was later addition to IP

Large routing tables

QOS is limited

Advantages IPv6 Larger address space

Stateless and stateful address Autoconfiguration is possible (NO DHCP needed)

Built-in security of IPsec

Better QOS support (more fields reserved)

Improved Host and Router Discovery (NDP)


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Conclusion

Easier management of networks

Auto configuration (no DHCP required)

End-to-end connective integrity

Direct addressing (no NAT required)

Unconstrained address abundance

128 bit addresses

Security Features

Built in IPsec


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IPv6 Addressing

128-bit addresses

Auto configuration requires 64bit (interface

ID) -> based on MAC-address (48bit)

! Privacy concern (no NAT) ! -> privacy

extension added


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IPv6 Addressing

3 Types of addressing:

Unicast (one to one)

Anycast (one to nearest of group)

Think of DNS-servers

Manually group configuration


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IPv6 Addressing Multicast:

FF ::

Group ID=1 : Nodes

Group ID=2 : Routers

Group ID=5 : OSPFv3 Routers


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IPv6 Addressing

Solicited-node multicast address (SNMA) Type of anycast

Used for L2 address resolution -> Neighbor solicitation

Duplicate Address Detection Send to proposed SNMA

If no answer -> address is free.

FF02::1:FFXX:XXXX

Multicast Scope-ID Solicited-node Last 24-bits of IPv6 address


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IPv6 Addressing

Interface-ID:

Automatically (EUI-64) -> based on MAC (GUA)

DHCPv6 -> attributed

Random (private)

Manually (statefull)


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Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

Functionalities

Router and subnet discovery

Address auto-configuration

L2 L3 Address resolution => NO ARP

Neighbor unreachability detection

Duplicate address detection


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Router Solicitation message

Every node can request all routers on local link by

sending RS messages. Need of network information

Source: LLA

Destination: Router Multicast (ff02::2)


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Router Advertisement message


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Router Advertisement

S: LLA

D: Node Multicast


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Neighbor Solicitation | Advertisement message:

L2L3 address resolution (ARP replacement)

Duplicate Address Detection

Host availability check


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Neighbor Solicitation message:

Source: LLA (L2L3) or unspecified (stateless

conf)

Destination: unicast or SNMA


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Neighbor Solicitation

S: not applicable

D: SNMA


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Neighbor Advertisement


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Neighbor Redirect Message


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GNS3 Setup

Topology

3 cisco c7200 routers (3 fe interfaces), 2 Ethernet

switches and 2 Ubuntu 14.04 clients


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GNS3 Setup

Subnetting:

Addressing Automatic eui-64 addressing on all nodes and

interfaces.

f0/0 f0/1 f1/0 Router-ID

R1 2014:1:1:1221/64 2014:1:1:1331/64 2014:2:2:A/64 1.1.1.1

R2 2014:1:1:1221/64 2014:1:1:2332/64 2014:2:2:A/64 2.2.2.2

R3 2014:1:1:1331/64 2014:1:1:2332/64 2014:2:2:B/64 3.3.3.3


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GNS3 Setup

Host configuration


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GNS3 Setup


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GNS3 Setup

Routing:

OSPFv3 (IPv6 based) with router-id (Ipv4)

Only 1 area is considered (small network)


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GNS3 Connectivity

Ping:

Host B

Host A


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References

Cisco 7200 Series Port Adapter Hardware ConfigurationGuidelines, Bandwidth Points Documentation

IPv6 Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15.2MT

IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Problems, Joel Jaeggli

What are the limitations of IPv4, What is IPv6, BoscoEduardo Fernandes

RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IPv6

IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Messages, Lawrence Hughes

Types and Categories of IPv6 Addresses, TCP/IP UsersGuide, SC24-6127-04

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