ip²o-i-cwØe-¯nse aÛpx cl-ky-§Ä books/secrets of purgatory.pdf · - 3 - - 4 -...

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THE AMAZING SECRETS OFTHE PURGATORY

PROF. M.A. ABRAHAM

ip²o-I-cWØe- nseAÛpX cl-ky-§Ä

s]m^. Fw. F. A_mlw

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SUDHIKARANASTHALATHILEALBHUTHA RAHASYANGAL (Malayalam)

(THE AMAZING SECRETS OF THE PURGATORY)

Author : Prof. M.A. Abraham

Manimalethu,

Mathirapilly Junction,

Kothamangalam - 686 691

Phone : 0485-2824842

E-mail : [email protected]

Price : Rs. 25 /-

Copy right : Bindu Abraham

Printed at : Basil offset, Kothamangalam

First Edition : 1000 Copies, August 2007Second Edition: 1000 Copies, September 2007Third Edition : 1000 Copies, July 2009Fourth Edition: 2000 Copies, June 2011Fifth Edition : 2000 Copies, November 2011Sixth Edition : 2000 Copies, January 2012

Ah-km-\sØ Nn√n-°mipw sImSp-Øp-

ho-´p-thmfw ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Ønse

]oV-Iƒ kln-°p∂ kIe

Bflm-°ƒ°pw, ]tXy-I-ambn

]m¿∞n-°m≥ Bcp-an-√mØ

Bflm-°ƒ°p-ambn Cu eLp KŸw

]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns‚

hna-e-lrZbw hgn

]cn-ip≤ Xn-Xz-Øns‚

Xr∏m-Z-Øn-¶¬ ImgvN-bmbn

ka¿∏n®psIm≈p∂p.

ka¿∏Ww

- 5 - - 6 -

G‰hpw Icp-W-bp≈ tbip-th, Icp-W-bmWv Aßv BK-

ln-°p-∂-sX∂v Aßv Xs∂ Acpfn sNbvXn- p-≠-t√m. ip≤o-

I-cWÿeØv ]oV kln-°p∂ F√m Bflm-°-sfbpw

Ahn-SpsØ FXbpw B¿Z-X-bp≈ Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn-te°v

Rm≥ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. Ahsc Ahn-SpsØ Icp-W-°-S-en¬

ap°p-∂p. Ah¿ Aß-bpsS FXbpw ]nb-s∏´ Bflm-°-

fm-sW-¶nepw, Ahn-SpsØ \oXn-°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]cn-lm-c-a-

\p-jvTn-t°-≠-h-cm-sW∂v Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Aß-bpsS

Xncp-c-‡-Øns‚ ]hmlw Ah-cpsS s]m≈n-°p∂ XoPzm-

esb XWp-∏n-°-s´. Ahsc ip≤o-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p∂ XoPzm-

esb Aß-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw \n¿§-an® Xncp-c-‡-

Ømepw Xncp -P -e -Ømepw sISp -Øn -I -f -tb-W-sa.

Aßs\ AhnsS Aß-bpsS Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ i‡n

]Io¿Øn-°-s∏Ss´.

“\nßƒ kXyw Adn-bp-Ibpw kXyw \nßsf

kzX-¥-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøpw”. (tbm-l-¶m³ 8/32)

Biw-k-

‘ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤p-X-c-l-ky-

ßƒ ’ F∂ t]cn¬ s]m^. Fw. F.

A_mlw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ eLp-K-Ÿ-Øn\v

F√m hnP-bm-iw-k-Ifpw t\cp-∂p.

BISHOP’S HOUSEMALAPARAMBA P.O.

CALICUT - 673 009, INDIAPhone : 0495 - 2370313, 2372577

Fax : 0495 - 2370271E-mail : [email protected]

JOSEPH KALATHIPARAMBILBISHOP OF CALICUT

(H v)

tPmk v If-Øn-∏-d-ºn¬tImgn-t°mSv cq]-Xm-≤y-£≥

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C∂sØ _lp- qcn]£w ssIkvXh hnizm-kn-Ifpw \nXy-k-Xy-ß-fmb

ac-Ww, kz¿§w, \c-Iw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v t_m≤y-an-√msX Pohn-°p-∂-h-cmWv.

Ah¿ ]e-t∏mgpw ssZhsØ tXSp-∂Xv ùXo-I-amb e£y-ßƒ°p th≠n-

bm-Wv. kz¿§-Øn-\p-th≠n Pohn-°p∂ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS FÆw Ipd-bp-∂Xp

sIm≠mWv k` temI-Øn¬ Zp¿∫-e-ambns°m≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ac-W-Øn\∏p-

d-Øp≈ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m≤y-ap≈ Hcp hnizm-kn°p amXta Cu temI-

Øn¬ ssZh-Øn-\p -th≠n Pohn -°p-hm≥ km[n -°p-I-bp -≈p.

s]m^. Fw.-F. A_mlw Fgp-Xnb ‘ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤p-X-c-

lkyßƒ’ F∂ ]pkvXIw \nXy-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-hm-\pw, Bg-

amb am\-km-¥-c-Øn-te°v IS-∂p-h-cp-hm\pw klm-bn-°p-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv.

Cu ]pkvXIw hmbn-°p∂ kI-e¿°pw Bfl-c-£-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ henb

`mc-ap-≠m-I-s -sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Cu temIw kz¿§-am-°p-∂-Xn-e-√, kz¿§-

Øn-\p-th≠n Cu temIsØ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv ssIkvX-h-Po-hn-X-

Øns‚ hnP-bw. hnP-b-I-c-amb Bflo-b-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-hm≥ Cu ]pkvX-I-

Ønse Adn-hp-Ifpw A\p- -h-ßfpw XnI®pw ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Wv. Cu ]pkvX-

I-Øn\v F√m mhp-I-ßfpw Biw-kn-°p-∂p. At\-Im-bn-c-ßƒ Cu ]pkvX-

I-Øn-eqsS Bflo-b-ambn \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-S-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

s_∂n ]p∂-Ødimtemw an\n-kvSokv

s]cp-h-Æm-aq-gn, tImgn-t°mSv Pn√ Biw-k-

(H∏v)s_¶n ]p¶- d

\µn- ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ahy-‡-X-Iƒ \o°p-hm≥ Hcp ]cn-[n-hscklm-b-I-am-Ip-sa∂ hnizm-k-tØmsS Cu eLp-KŸw hmb-\-°m-cpsS apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Fs∂ A\p-K-ln-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Xotb-I-ssZ-h-Øns‚ apºn¬ inc p \an-®p-sIm≠v Fs‚ \µn]Im-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≈-s´.

Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øn\v hnP-bm-iw-k-Iƒ t\¿∂p-sIm≠v Fs∂ hf-sc-b-[nIwt]m’m-ln-∏n® tImgn-t°mSv cq]-Xm-≤y-£≥ am¿ tPmk^vv IfØn∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXm-hns‚henb a\- n\v \µn ]d-bp-∂p. h¿Æ\m-Xo-X-amb Cu kvt\l-Øn\v Cutim At±-lsØ kar≤ambn A\p-K-ln-°-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

CtXm-sSm∏w Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn\v Ah-Xm-cnI FgpXn Fs∂ A\p-K-ln® tImX-aw-Kew cq]-X-bpsS Icn-kvam-‰nIv ]m¿∞-\m-Kq∏v Ub-d-IvSdpw, [ym\-Kp-cp-hp-amb _lp.-tPm¿÷v tN‰q-c®t\mSv ]tXy-I-ambn \µn ]d-bp-∂p. At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n®kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ßƒ°pw, klm-b-ßƒ°pw Cutim At±-l-Øn\v At\-I-a-S-ßmbn]Xn-êw \¬Is´sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ Ipd-®p-`m-K-ßƒ Ct∏mƒ sImtbjy-bn-ep≈ saUvPp-tKm-dn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ _lp. knÃ¿ CΩm-\p-th¬ cNn® At\I KŸ-ß-fn¬ H∂mb‘The amazing secrets of the souls in purgatory’ F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-XmWv. AXnse Nne `mK-ßƒ Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ tN¿°p-hm≥ A\p-aXn \¬Inb_lp-am-\-s∏´ knÃ-dn\v \µn ]d-bp-hm≥ F\n°v hm°p-- I-fn-√. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ssIsø-gpØp ]Xn hmbn® _lp. knÃdns‚ Hmô-kp-ambn _‘-ap≈ _lp.-ssh-Zo-I-tcbpw CXns‚ ]kn-≤o-I-c-Wthf-bn¬ \µn-]q¿∆w kvacn-°p-∂p.

hfsc Xnc-°p≈ HutZym-KnI tPmen-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw F\n-°p-th≠n kabwIs≠Øn Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ssIsø-gpØp]Xn hmbn-°p-I-bpw, Biw-k-Iƒ Ab-°p-Ibpw sNbvX imtemw an\n-kvSn-bpsS sNb¿am≥ _lp.-s_∂n ]p∂-Ød-tbm-Sp≈Bg-amb \µn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈p-∂p. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Nne `mK-ßƒ ]c-º-c-bmbn ]kn-≤o-I-cn® imtemw ssSwkv amkn-I-tbmSpw Rm≥ IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. imtemw,temI-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ tkh-\-ßƒ°v ssZhw ]Xn-êw \¬I-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

IqSmsX Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ A®Sn tPmen hfsc `wKn-bmbn \n¿∆-ln®t_kn¬ ]nt‚-gvkn-\pw, AhnSpsØ F√m Poh-\-°m¿°pw, t\cnt´m A√m-sXtbmFs∂ klm-bn® F√m am\y hy‡n-I-tfmSpw tbip-\m-a-Øn¬ \µn ]d-bp-∂p.]cn. AΩ F√m-h-scbpw A\p-K-ln°s´-sb∂ ]m¿∞-\-tbm-sS,

s]m^. Fw.-F.-A-_mlwaWn-a-teØv

Fw.-F. tImtfPv Hm^v F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKvtImX-aw-Kew

- 9 - - 10 -

Ah-Xm-cnI

“Fs∂ hnfn-°p-I, Rm≥ adp-]Sn \¬Ipw. \ns‚ _p≤n-bv°-Xo-X-amb al-Øpw,\nKq-V-hp-amb Imcy-ßƒ Rm≥ \n\°v shfn-s∏-SpØpw”. (sPd-anb 33: 3)

ac-W-hpw, ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpw k -bpsS Bcw`w apX¬°p Xs∂ ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑m-cp-sSbpw k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw CS-bn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-SpIbpw \nc-h[n KŸ-c-N-\Iƒ°v CS-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp ‘clky’amWv.Cu ASp-Ø-Im-eØv IS∂p h∂ Nne ]T-\-ßƒ k`m-a-°-fn¬ Nne-sc-sb-¶nepwhgn-sX-‰n-°m≥ CS-bm-bn-´p-≠v. CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ \ΩpsS s]mXphn-izm-k-c-l-ky-ß-fn¬ H∂mb ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿe -(Purgatory) sØ°pdn®v km[m-cW hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ efnX kpµ-c-amb mj-bn¬ hnh-cn-°p-I-bmWv ‘ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤p-X-c-l-ky-ßƒ’ F∂ Cu sNdp-K-Ÿw. hn.ss__n-fpw,ItØm-en-°m-Xn-cp-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-K-Ÿ-hpw, hn. ]msZ-]n-tbm, hn.-^u-Ão-\, hn. P¿Xq-Zv, hmgvØ-s∏´hcmb adnbw tXky, Fhp-]m-kn-bm-Ω, B[p-\nIankv‰n-°p-I-fmb acnbm hƒtØm¿Ø, acnbm knΩ XpS-ßn-b-h¿°v ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn®v e`n® ssZhoI Z¿i-\-ßfpw KŸ-I¿Ømhv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-s\ms° D]-cn-bmbn s]m^. Fw.- F. A_mlw Bg-amb Xs‚[ym\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n® kpµc Z¿i-\-ßfpw hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn CuKŸ-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. hn.-Ip¿_m-\-°pw, P]-am-e-°pw, Icp-W-sIm-¥bv°pw Zm\-[¿Ω-ßƒ°pw, Bflm-°-fpsS hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ D≈ ]m[m-\yhpw KŸ-Im-c≥ hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-X-cp∂p≠v. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ssZh-im-kvX-K-Ÿ-sam-∂p-a-s√-¶nepw, km[m-c-W-°m¿°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ hn[wCu ‘clkyw’ Xs‚ A≤ym-]\ Pohn-XØns‚ Xnc-°n-\n-S-bnepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ KŸ-Im-c≥ ]tXyIw A`n-\-µ\w A¿ln-°p-∂p. Cu sNdp-K-Ÿ-Øn\pwA\p-hm-N-I¿°pw KŸ-Im-c\pw F√m-hn[ ]m¿∞\miw-k-Ifpw t\cp∂p.

“AßbpsS hN-\-ß-fpsS Npcp-f-gn-bp-tºmƒ ]Imiw ]c-°p∂p; Ffn-b-h¿°v AXv Adnhv ]I-cp∂p” (k¶o: 119 : 130)

^m. tPm¿÷v tN‰q¿Ub-d-IvS¿, Icn-kvam-‰nIv ]m¿∞\m Kq∏v

tImX-aw-Kew

DÅ-S¡w

apJ-hpc 11

ip≤o-I-c-Whpw, ip≤o-I-cWÿehpw 13

acnbm knΩmbv°v e`n® shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ 26

hn. uÃo-\bpw ip≤o-I-cWÿehpw 51

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf kvt\ln®

Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-bpw, adnbw tXkymbpw 60

D]-kw-lmcw 69

A\p-_‘w 73

- 11 - - 12 -

Cu eLp KŸ-Øns‚ hnizm-ky-

Xbv°v am\p-jn-Im-[mcw amX-ta-bp-≈p-sh-

∂pw, A¤pXIc-ßtfm ]Ir-Xym-Xo-X-

ßtfm Bbn ]c-am¿in°-s∏-´n-´p≈hsb-

∏‰n \n›-bn-t°-≠Xv Xncp- - -bm-sW∂pw

CXn-\m¬ hy‡-am-°n-s°m-≈p-∂p.

þ cN-bn-Xmhv

apJ-hpc

ip≤o-I-cWÿew F∂p-≈Xv ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS

hnizmk kXy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏- -Xm-sW-¶n-epw, C∂pw At\-I¿

CXn¬ Imcy-ambn hnizkn-°p-∂n√ F∂v a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-

™p. CtX-∏‰n hy‡-ambn a\- n-em°n- Ign-bp-tºmƒ amXta

CXns‚ Bh-iy-IX FX-b-[n-I-am-sW-∂p-≈Xv \ap°v t_m≤y-

am-hp-I-bp-≈p. ]e-bm-fp-Ifpw CXns\ Zfi-\-Øns‚ (I-Tn\

thZ-\) Hcp ÿe-amtbm, As√-¶n¬ Bflm-°sf ]q´n-bn v Zfi-

\-ß-fn-eqsS Ahsc ip≤o-I-cn-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp XS-h-

d-bmtbm ImWp-∂p. as‰mcp Iq´¿ CXns\ Hcp kpJ-hmktIµ-

ambn Icp-Xp-∂p. ImcWw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]m]m-h-ÿ-bn-

em-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ip≤o-I-cW ÿeap-≈-Xn-\m¬ Ipd®p

kabw AhnsS Nne-h-gn®v _p≤n-ap´v IqSmsX ip≤o-I-c-W-

sams° ]q¿Øn-bm°n hfsc thK-Øn¬ \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-

t®-cm-sa∂v Ah¿ Biz-kn-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ ip≤o-I-

cW ]In-bsb emL-h-ambpw, \njv]-bmkw sNbvXp ]q¿Øn-

bm-°m-hp∂ Hcp ]In-b-bmbpw ImWp-∂p. Cu c≠p Xc-Øn-

ep≈ Nn¥m-K-Xn-Ifpw am‰n ip≤o-I-c-Wm-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n hy‡-

amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v D≠m-tI-≠Xv AXy-¥ym-

t]-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

hn. uÃo-\, hmgvØ-s∏- -h-cmb Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ, adnbw

tXky, hn. ]mtZ-]n-tbm, hn. P¿XqUv XpS-ßn-b-hsc IqSmsX

acn-bm-hƒtXm¿Ø, acn-bm-knΩm F∂n-h-sc-t∏m-se-bpff

At\Iw Z¿i-I¿°pw CtX-∏‰n [mcmfw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ

- 13 - - 14 -

e`n-®n- p-≠v. Ch¿s°√mw e`n® shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ ]cn-tim-

[n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-sb√mw kam-\-Xbp-≈-h-bmWv F∂v a\- n-

em-°m≥ Ignbpw. H∏w Ch-sb√mw k`m-hn-izm-kßƒ°v tbmPn-

®-h-bm-sW∂pw hy‡-am-Ip--∂p. ItØm-en° k` \hw-_¿ 2˛mw

XobXn kIe acn-®p-t]m-b-h-cp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω BNcn°p∂p-ap-

≠-t√m.

C∂v ]≈n-I-fnepw, Im‰-°o-k-Ønepw CtX-∏‰n IqSp-X-embn

]Xn-]m-Zn-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ km[m-cW Bfp-I-fn¬ CtX-∏‰n Ahy-

‡-X-bpw kwi-b-ßfpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. Bb-Xn-\m¬ ]e-

cnepw ac-Wm-\-¥-cm-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n ]e-hn[ A⁄-XIfpw,

iq\yXmt_m[hpsams° \ne-\n¬°p∂p. acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿°p-

th≠n ]m¿∞n-t°≠Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bpw, AXp-hgn \ap°pw

Ah¿°pw e`n-°p∂ Ir]-I-fpw, A\pK-l-ßfpw XpS¿∂p-h-

cp∂ mKßfn¬ hnhcn-°p-∂p-≠v. km[m-c-W-°m-cn¬ CtX-°p-

dn®v \ne-\n¬°p∂ kwi-b-ßƒ Zqcn-I-cn--°phm\pw, Ah-cpsS

tNmZy-ßƒ°v adp-]Sn \¬Ip-hm\pw Hcp ]cn[n hsc Cu eLp

KŸw klm-b-I-am-Ip-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-

ip-≤m-flmhv AXn-\mbn CXns‚ hmb-\-°msc Hcp-°p-Ibpw,

ip≤o-I-cW cl-ky-ß-fpsS Bg-ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ahsc

klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´. CXns‚ k -eo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn ]cn.

AΩ-bpsS am≤yÿyw tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

11111ip≤o-I-c-Whpw, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv (Purgatory) Hcp Bflmhv

]oVIƒ kln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂psh¶n¬ t]mepw, AXns\

Hcp A\m-h-iy-amb Hcp kl-\-amtbm Zpcn-X-amtbm ImWphm≥

]mSn-√. CXns\ kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw, ]Xym-i-bp-sS-bpw, kam-

[m-\-Øns‚bpw Ah-ÿ-bmbn ImtW-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ac-Wm-

\-¥cw \nXy-X-bn¬ ssZh-tØm-sSm-∂n®v Bbn-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬

Hcp hy‡n-bpsS Bflm-hn\v ]q¿Æ-amb ip≤o-I-cWw As√-

¶n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ Ah-ÿ-bnepambn-cn-

°Ww. Bb-Xn-\m¬ ip≤o-I-cW ]Inb ssZhw Hcp-°n-bn-cn-

°p-∂Xv X\n°v a\p-jy-t\m-Sp≈ A\-¥-amb kvt\lw aqe-

amWv F∂v a\- n-em°mw.

“Rm≥ \ns∂ ip≤o-I-cn®p; F∂m¬ sh≈n t]mse-b-

√. IjvS-X-bpsS Nqf-bn¬ \ns∂ Rm≥ tim[\ sNbvXp.. F\n-

°p-th≠n, AtX F\n°pth≠n amX-amWv Rm\nXv sNøp-∂-

Xv” (Giøm 48/10). BI-bm¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp-IqSn Bbn-cn-°-

W-sa-¶n¬ kl-\-Øns‚ Nqf-bn¬ Hcp hy‡n ip≤o-I-cn-°-

s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bp-≠v. ico-c-Øn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ Cu ip≤o-I-cWw

]q¿Øn-bm-bn-s√-¶n¬, ac-Wm-\-¥cw Bflmhv ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-

tS-≠-Xmbp≠v. Cu ip≤o-I-c-W-amWv ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Hcp

Bflmhv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xv.

\tΩmSp Xs∂-bp≈ kzm¿∞-amb kvt\lw, ssZh-tØm-

Sp≈ kvt\l-Øn-¬ \n∂pw \sΩ AI-‰n-\n¿Øp-∂p. ip≤o-I-c-

W-Øn-eqsS Xt∂mSp Xs∂-bp≈ kzm¿∞-amb kvt\lw DcpIn

- 15 - - 16 -

C√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw AXns‚ Hcp IWnI t]mepw X∂n¬ Ah-ti-

jn-°mØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Bflmhv FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. A]-Imcw Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambn ssZh-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xp

hgn B Bflm-hn¬ ]n∂oSv \ne\n¬°p-∂Xv ssZh-kvt\lw

amX-am-Wv. Aßs\ Cu Bflm-hn\v ssZh-tØmSv tNcm\pw

\nXy-X-bn¬ Pohn-°m\pw ]m]vX-am-Ip∂p. ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bn-

eqsS ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ AI-‰p∂ ]m]-°-d-Ifpw,

Ip‰-ßfpw, _e-lo-\-X-I-fpw, Xt∂m-Sp-X-s∂-bpff kzm¿∞

kvt\lhpw Hs° IØn \in-∏n°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, XpS¿∂v ssZh-

kvt\-l-Øn¬ amX-ambn Bflmhv \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Aßs\ \nkzm¿∞ kvt\l-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-bn¬

FØnb Bflmhv hnip-≤-cpsS Ah-ÿ-bn¬ BbnØocp∂p.

“\nß-fpsS ssZh-amb I¿Øm-hns\ ]q¿ÆlrZ-b-tØm-Spw,

]q¿Æm-flm-thm-Spw, ]q¿Æi‡n-tbmSpw IqSn kvt\ln-°Ww”(\n-b-am-h¿Ø\w 6/5). iq≤o-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS ]q¿ÆlrZ-b-tØm-

Spw, ]q¿Æm-flm-thm-Spw, ]q¿Æi‡n-tbmSpw IqSn ssZhsØ

kvt\ln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Hcp Bflmhv FØn-

t®-cp-∂p. ta¬ ]d™ hN\w B Bflm-hn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]m]]hr-Øn-I-fpw, ]m]-°-d-Ifpw, \tΩm-Sp-X-s∂-bp≈

kvt\l-hp-sams° ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ AI-‰p-

∂-Xmbn t\c-sØ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cp-∂p-h-t√m. Cu Aip-≤n-Iƒ

ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ Hcp

L\-ap≈ ]mfn (hard crust) cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CØcw Hcp

]Inb \S-°p-∂-Xmbn \Ωn¬ ]ecpw Adn-bp-∂p-t]m-ep-an-√.

Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hmtcm aWn-°q-dnepw \Ωƒ ]m]-ßƒ sNøp-

Ibpw, ssZhsØ \nc-- kn-°p-Ibpw ssZhlnXØn\v FXn-cmbn

]hr-Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Cu ISpØ ]pdw ]mfn°v

ho≠pw L\w IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS

\nkzm¿∞-amb kvt\l-Øn\p amXta Cu ]mfnsb Dcp-°n-°-f-

bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. CXv Dcp-°n-°-f-bp-hm-\p≈ t]mcm- -

am-bn-cp∂p hnip-≤-scms° Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-bmX-bn¬ A\p-jvTn-

®n-cp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øn¬ \n∂v Ahsc

AI-‰p∂ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]mfn-Isf \in-∏n-°p-hm-\pw, Ah cq]-

s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\pw, AXp hgn ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw Ipd-

hp-I-fn-√msX sh´n-Øn-f-ßp∂ hP-sØ-t∏mse ImØp-kq--£n-°p-

hm-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ ian-®n-cp-∂-Xv. CXn\p th≠n Ah¿

[mcmfw ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bpw, ]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ Hcp Dfn-t]mse

Cu ]mfn-Isf \o°w sNøp-hm≥ Ahsc klm-bn-®n-cp-∂p. Ipº-

km-c-Øn-eqsS ]m]w tamNn∏n°s∏Sp∂p F¶nepw ]m]-Øns‚

ISw ho´m≥ Cu ]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ Bh-iy--am-Wv. CXp

hgn-bmbn Xßƒ°v ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw IqSp-X¬ ip≤-ap-

≈-Xm-bn- Xocp-sa∂v Ah¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah IqSp-X¬

A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ ian-®n-cp-∂p. hn. ^m≥knkv A o-

kn-bpsS Poh-N-cnXw hmbn-®m¬ CXp a\- n-em-Ip-a-t√m. C]-

Imcw kzm¿∞ kvt\l-am-Ip∂ ]pdw ]mfn-Iƒ Ah¿ \in-∏n-°p-

Ibpw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Bg-amb kvt\l-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. C]-Imcw hnip-≤¿°v ac-Wm-\-¥cw H∂p-In¬ t\sc

As√-¶n¬ Aev]w ip≤o-I-cWw hgn \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥

Ign™p F∂v \ap°v hniz-kn-°mw.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ ac-Wm-\-¥cw, ip≤o-I-cWÿew Hcp Bflm-

hn\v Zfi\ÿetØ-°m-fp-]cn Hcp A`b ÿe-ambn amdp-∂p.

AhnsS Ah¿°v [mcmfw Dƒ°m-gvN-Ifpw Adnhpw e`n-°p∂p.

ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ cl-ky-ß-sf-bpw, Ah-bpsS hgn-I-sf-°p-

dn-®p-ap≈ t_m≤y-ßƒ Bflm-hn\v e`n-°p-∂p. `qan-bn¬ Pohn-

- 17 - - 18 -

®n-cn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ ssZh-Øn\v ]mY-anI ÿm\w \¬tI-

≠-Xns‚ ]m[m-\y-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw, Bfl-c-£-sb-∏-‰nbpw F√mw

Ah¿ AhnsS a\- n-em-°p-∂p. IqSmsX `qan-bnse PohnXw

FX lkz-am-sW-∂pw, B ka-bØv FX-b-[nIw \∑-Iƒ

sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw, Xßƒ ]hr-Øn® \∑-Iƒ FX-

amXw Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ah¿°v Adnhv e`n-°p-∂p. uXo-

I-ambn t\Sn-sb-SpØ \n[n-I-tf-°mƒ FX-b-[nIw hne-s∏- -h-

bmWv Bflobambn t\Snb \n[n-Iƒ F∂v Ah¿°v t_m≤yw

e`n-°p-∂p.

ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn\p tijw Ah-cpsS _e-lo-\-X-I-sf√mw

C√m-Xm-Ip-I-bpw, ]m]-ßƒ, ]tem- -\-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂v

Ah¿ hnap-‡-cm-Ip-sa∂pw Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Aßs\

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Ah¿°v kl-\-ßƒ Ds≠¶nepw CXn-

\p-tijw Ah¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn c£n-°-s∏ v ssZh-tØbpw ssZh-

kvt\-l-sØbpw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ km≤y-am-Ip-sa∂ ]Xymi

D≈-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS

\ΩpsS ]m]-I-S-ßƒ ho´p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w B Bflmhv ]q¿Æ-

ambpw ssZh-kvt\-lsØ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw, AXns\ AwKo-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ Xncp-hnjvSw ]men-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

Hcp hy‡n acn°p-tºmƒ Ah-cn¬ FXamXw ssZh-

tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-thm, B Af-hn\v A\p-kr-

X-am-bn- m-bn-cn°pw Abmƒ°v e`n-°p∂ \nXy-X-bpsS kΩm-

\w. Ipcn-ins‚ hn. tbml-∂m≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p-≠t√m “Pohn-

Xm-¥yØn¬ \o ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \ns‚ kvt\l-Øn-\-

\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw” F∂v.

ssZh-tØ-bpw, ssZh-kvt\-l-sØ-∏-‰nbpw hy‡-amb

Adnhv e`n® ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv ssZh-tØmSp tNcp-hm-\p≈

AXn-bmb BK-l-Øm¬ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bn¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcm-flm-hn\v Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Xc-Øn-

ep≈ uXoIicocw AhnsS C√-t√m. ssZh-tØmSv tNcm\pw,

Ahn-SpsØ ]q¿Æ-ambn kvt\ln-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Xoh-amb

BK-lhpw, F∂m¬ AXv \nhr-Øn-bm-°m≥ Ign-bmØ

At∏m-gsØ B Bflm-hns‚ Ahÿ aqew Ah¿ A\p- -hn-

°p∂ Hcp s]m≈-ens\(Xo-I-Ø¬)bmWv ip≤o-I-c-Wm·n

F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ta¬ ]d™ A·n, Xobpw

]pIbpw As√-¶nepw Cu IØ¬ (s]m-≈¬) aqe-ap≈ Bflm-

hns‚ thZ\ \ΩpsS uXoI ico-c-Øn\v bYm¿∞ A·nbpw,

]pIbpw G¬∏n-°p∂ thZ-\-tb-°mƒ At\-I-a-Sßv hep-Xm-

bn-cn-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn apdn-th‰ Hcp lrZbw A\p- -hn-°p∂

BflthZ-\, Imen\v HSnhp ]‰p-tºm-gp≈ thZ-\-tb-°mƒ FX-

b-[n-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. BZysØ Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ thZ\ amdp-

hm≥ hfsc IqSp-X¬ kabw FSp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-a-t√m. ip≤o-

I-c-Wm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ Bflmhv FXbpw thKw ip≤o-

I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n ssZh-tØmSv tNcm\pw (hn-ebw ]m]n-

°m-\pw) Ahn-SpsØ ]q¿Æ-ambn kvt\ln-°m\pw BK-ln-

°p-∂p. CØcw Zfi-\-ßƒ kln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ

Cß-s\-bp≈ Ahÿ Hgn-hm-°m-hp-∂h Bbn-cp-∂p-ht√m

F∂ t_m≤yw Bflm-hn\v AXn¬ IqSp-X¬ thZ\ Df-hm-°p-

∂p. H∏w Xs∂ ico-c-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ssZhsØ

]q¿Æ-ambpw kvt\ln-°p-I-bpw, ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, ]mb-›nØ

]hr-Øn-Iƒ, kl-\-ßƒ, IqZm-i-kzo-I-c-W-ßƒ, HuZmcy]-

hr-Øn-Iƒ F∂o am¿§-ß-ƒ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xt∂mSp

Xs∂-bp≈ kvt\lw aqew krjvSn-°-s∏´ ]pdw ]mfn C√m-

Xm-°m-am-bn-cp-∂t√m F∂pw Bflmhv Zp:JtØm-Sp-IqSn AwKo-

I-cn-°p-∂p.

- 19 - - 20 -

as‰mcp ][m\ Imcyw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hns\ thZ-\n-∏n-

°p-I-bpw, ]oVn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ A·n Ah-cm¬ Xs∂

krjvSn-°-s∏- -Xm-sW-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ Xs∂bmWv Ah-cpsS

CØcw Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ kl-\-ßƒ°v Xocp-am\w FSp-Ø-Xv.

ImcWw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Ah-cpsS kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-

Øn¬ Xt∂m-Sp-X-s∂-bp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ ]mfn-Iƒ krjvSn-

®Xv Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ ssZhw A√ adn®v Ah¿

Xs∂-bmWv Ah¿°v ip≤o-I-cWÿew (Ahÿ) Hcp-°n-

bXv F∂ t_m≤yw Ahsc IqSp-X¬ thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. Pohn-

®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ssZhw \¬Inb Ir]-Isf Xnc-kv°-cn-°p-Ibpw,

Ah kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ ]e ]m]]hr-Øn-I-

fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-aq-e-amWv Xßƒ ip≤o-I-

cWÿeØv FØn-b-sX∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Aßs\

ssZh-tØmSp tNcm-\p≈ Xo£vW-amb BK-l-Øm¬ Ah¿

ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

ssZhw Bscbpw ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Ab°m≥ BK-

ln-°p-∂n-√. adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-W-bpw, kvt\lhpw aqe-

amWv Cu Ah-ÿ-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ Ahsc A\p-h-

Zn-®Xv F∂v Ah¿ a\ n-em-°p-∂p. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ssZhw

Ahsc FX-b-[nIambn kvt\ln-®n-cp∂p F∂v Ah¿ Kln-

°p-∂p. CXv Ah-cpsS thZ\ IqSp-X-embn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. Pohn-

®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xßƒ sNbvX Hmtcm Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]m]-ßƒ°pw

AXns‚ Af-h-\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hn\pw hyXy-

kvX-amb ]Sn-I-fn¬ (degree) BWv ta¬ ]d™ Dƒ°m-gvN-

Iƒ e`n-°p-∂Xv. Aßs\ ssZh-ap-ºmsI Xm≥ FX-amXw

\µn-sI´h\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw, ssZh-kvt\-lsØ FX-amXw

Xm≥ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p-

sh∂pw Bflmhv a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Hcp Bflm-hns‚ [mc-Wm-i-‡n-

bpw, Nn¥-bpw, kvt\lhpw F√mw ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

FhnsS sh®m-tWm, Fß-s\-bmtWm Nn¥-bn-eq-sS-bpw, hnth-

N-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw X\n°v sX‰p ]‰n-b-sX∂v Bflmhv ]Tn-°p-

∂p. ip≤o-I-c-W-Ønse thZ-\m-\p- -h-ß-f-n-eqsS amen-\y-ßƒ

\o°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Bflmhv bYm¿∞ kvt\lw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-

°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-

°-gn-bp-tºm-tg°pw Hcm-flmhv ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssZhw F¥m-sW-

∂pw, Ahn-SpsØ hgn-Iƒ F¥m-sW∂pw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cn-

°pw. F√m \∑-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw, ssZh-kvt\-l-sØ-∏-‰nbpw

]q¿Æ-ambpw a\- n-em-°nb Bflmhv ssZhsØ kvXpXn-

°m\pw \µn ]-d-bm\pw XpS-ßpw.

Aßs\ ip≤o-I-cWÿew ]m]-ßƒ°p≈ in£

\o°n-°-f-bm-\p≈ ÿew amX-a√, adn®v ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-

®p≈ ]mT-ßƒ ]Tn-°m-\p≈ hnZym-e-bhpw IqSn-bmWv. ip≤o-

I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°v AhnsS IqSp-X¬ tbmKy-X-Iƒ t\Sm-\p≈

ka-bhpw Ah-k-chpw C√. qan-bn¬ sh®v GXpXcw PohnX

ssien-bmtWm Ah¿ Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXv AXp-aqew Ah¿ Xs∂

krjvSn® ip≤o-I-cWw amXta Ah¿°v AhnsS sNøp-hm-

\p-≈p. ]s£ qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ \ap°v Cu Bflm-°sf

klm-bn-°p-∂-Xp-hgn At\Iw tbmKy-X-Iƒ ssZh-Øn¬

\n∂pw t\Sn-sb-Sp°mw. Ah-cpsS thZ-\-Iƒ Ipd-bv°p-hm\pw,

s]s´∂v Ah¿°v Dƒ°m-gvN-Ifpw, Adn-hp-Ifpw sImSp-°p-

hm\pw \ap°v ssZh-tØmSv ]m¿∞n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Ah¿°p-

th≠n \Ωƒ ImgvN-sh-°p∂ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-Iƒ, ]m¿∞-\-

Iƒ, ImcpWy ]hr-Øn-Iƒ apX-em-bh Ah-cpsS ssZh-tØm-

Sp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ cq]w sIm≠ ITn-\-amb

]mfn-Isf s]m´n-®p-am-‰m-\p≈ Dfn-bmbn D]-I-cn-°pw.

- 21 - - 22 -

tbip-hns‚ Xncp-c-‡-Øn¬ Bflm-°sf ka¿∏n-°p-

∂Xv Ahsc klm-bn-°m-\p≈ hfsc \√ Hcp am¿§-amWv.

tbip-hn-t\bpw Ahn-SpsØ ]oVm-k-l-\-ß-tf-bpw, Bflm-

°ƒ°pth≠n Ahn-Sp∂v Poh≥ _en-I-gn-®-Xnt\bpw Hm¿Øv

[ym\n®v Ahsc ka¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ ITn-\-amb B ]pdw-]m-fn-

Isf s]mń-°m-\pw, \in-∏n-°m\pw klm-b-am-Ipw. Ah¿°p-

th≠n ta¬ hnh-cn® k¬]-hr-Øn-Ifpw ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw \mw

\S-Øp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ B ]mfn-Iƒ s]mń-®p-am-‰p-hm≥ Ah¿ kzb-

ambn ]b-Xv\n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. CXv FX-amXw _p≤n-ap- p≈ Imcy-

am-sW∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°m-hp∂-tX-bp-≈q.

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Nne Bflm-°ƒ hfsc IqSp-X¬

Imew Ign-tb≠n hcpw. qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xßƒ

hfsc ssZh`‡n-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂v hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-h¿

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hfsc IqSp-X¬ kln-t°-≠Xmbnhcpw.

CXn-\p-Im-cWw Ah-cpsS Al-¶mc at\m- mh-am-Wv. A]-Im-c-

ap-≈-h¿°p-th≠n qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h¿ ]m¿∞n-°p-

∂n-√, ImcWw Aß-s\-bp≈ Bflm-°ƒ Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-

bn¬ hfsc ssZh- -‡n-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS

]m¿∞-\-Iƒ e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-aqew Ch-cpsS Bflmhv ip≤o-I-

cWÿeØv IqSp-X¬ Imew kln-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp∂p. AXn-

\m¬ ssZh-`-‡n-bnepw, \∑-bnepw Pohn-®p-a-cn® Bflm-

°ƒ°p-th≠n \Ωƒ \n›-b-ambpw hfsc IqSp-X¬ ]m¿∞n-

°p-∂Xpw Ah¿°p-th≠n Ip¿_m\ sNm√n ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw

DØ-a-am-bn-cn-°pw. hnip-≤-cmbn Pohn® ]e Bfp-Ifpw ip≤o-

I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øp-≠v. Ah¿°v t\sc kz¿§-Øn-te°p t]mIm≥

]‰m-Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw Xt∂m-Sp-X-s∂-bp≈ kzm¿∞ kvt\lw

\ne-\n∂ncp-∂-Xn-\m-emWv F∂v ]e hnip-≤¿°pw shfn-s∏-

SpØn Inń-bn- p-≠v.

`qan-bn¬ sh®p-Xs∂ Xt∂m-Sp≈ kzm¿∞kvt\lw,

]m¿∞-\, ]mb-›n-Ø-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, IqZmi kzoI-cWw Ch-

sbms° hgn-bmbn ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Ønbm°m≥ Ign-™m¬

]n∂oSv ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv A[nIw Nne-h-gn-t°-≠-Xmbn

hcn√. amc-I]m]-ßfpw AXp-t]mse eLp-]m-]-ßfpw H∂pw

Xs∂ sNømØ ]e¿°pw Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂bp≈ kzm¿∞

kvt\lw ]e-t∏mgpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. CXv Ahsc ]e-hn-[-

Øn-ep≈ aX-kw-_-‘-hpw, hnizm-k-kw-_-‘-hp-amb ]e Dt]-

£-Iƒ°pw Imc-W-am-°pw. Cu Dt]-£-Iƒ°v in£-bp-≠v.

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Dt]-£-bm-ep≈ ]m]-ßƒ aqew X\n°v

Xt∂m-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´

]pdw ]mfn-Iƒ C√m-Xm-°p-hm≥ Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°v ITn-\-

amb ip≤o-I-cWw Bhiy-am-Wv.

hnip-≤n-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h¿°v HuZm-cyhpw tkh-\-

hp-sams° sNøm≥ ]e Ir]-Iƒ ssZhw \¬In-bn- p-s≠-

¶nepw XßfpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb Aku-I-cy-ßƒ ]d™v Ah-

bn¬ \n∂v Hgn-™p-am-dn-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv Xt∂m-Sp≈

kzm¿∞kvt\lw aqe-am-Wv. AXm-bXv Pohn-X-Im-eØv X\n°v

apºn¬ e`n-®n-cp∂ \√ Ah-k-c-ßƒ ]eXpw th≠-hn[w D]-

tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-XmWv Xm≥ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Ign-tb-≠n-h-

∂-Xns‚ ImcW-sa∂v Nne Bflm-°ƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn

]d-bp-∂p.

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Hcp Bflmhv ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs‚ Imh¬ amemJ ssZh-kvXp-Xn-I-sf-

°p-dn®pw, F¥p-sIm≠v ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°Ww F∂n-

hsb°pdn®pw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Xs‚ Imh¬ amem-J-

bpsS Ahn-SpsØ km∂n≤yw Bflm-hn\v BÀmZw \¬Ip-

- 23 - - 24 -

∂ps≠¶nepw, Bizmkw e`n-°p-∂n-√. Bizmkw Bflm-hn\v

e`n-°p-∂Xv ip≤o-I-cWÿesØ kl-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw, qan-

bn-¬ \n∂pw X\n°v e`n-°p∂ ]m¿∞-\-I-fn-¬ \n∂pw amX-

am-Wv.

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv A\p- -hn-°p∂ thZ-\-Ifpw kl-\-

ßfpw h¿Æn-°m≥ Ign-- bmØ hn[w Ak-l-\o-b-am-sW-¶nepw

AhnsS \n∂pw hn´p-t]m-Iphmt\m, Bsc-¶nepw Ahn-sS- \n∂pw

Ahsc tamNn-∏n-°p-hmt\m Ah¿ BK-ln-°p-∂n-√. ssZh-

kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ AI-‰p∂ kzm¿∞-kvt\lw

FXbpw thKw Dcp-In-Xo-cp-hm-\mWv Ah¿ A`n-e-jn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ah¿ ssZh-tØmSv \µn-bp-≈-hcpw ]Xym-i-bp-≈-h-cp-am-Wv.

ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´pIgn-bp-tºmƒ sh◊-bp≈ hnip≤hkvXw

Xßƒ°v e`n-°p-sa∂v Ah¿ ]Xym-in-°p-∂p. Ah-tcm-sSm-∏-

ap≈ Hcm-flm-hn\v AhnSw hn´v kz¿§-Øn-te°v Ib‰w e`n-

°p-tºmƒ a‰p≈ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°ƒ B\-µn-°p-∂p. ip≤o-

I-c-W-Øn-eqsS kl-\w, HuZm-cyw, tkh-\w, ktlm-Z-c-kvt\lw

Ch-bpsS aqey-ßƒ Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ B\-

µn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

F√m Bflm-°-fp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω BN-cn-°p∂ Znh-

ksØ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°ƒ hfsc BImw-£-tbmsS ImØn-

cn-°p-∂p. A∂v Ah¿°v IqSp-X¬ BÀm-Zhpw Bizm-khpw

e`n-°p-∂p. Cu ka-bØv Ah¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ kt¥m-j-

Øns‚ XohX Ah¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ kl-\-Øns‚ Af-hp-

t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ Ah-cn¬ \n∂pw ]Im-i-am-\-

amb civan-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS

kt¥m-j-Øn\v Af-hp-I-fn-√. ssZhsØ IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-

°p-hm≥ Ah¿ ]m]vX-cm-Ip-sa∂ t_m≤yw IqSp-X-embn

Ah¿°v e`n-°p-∂p.

`qan-bn¬ sh®v sNbvX Hcp eLp ]m]w t]mepw Bflm-

hn\v FX-amXw \miw D≠m-°p∂p F∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-

∂p. ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Bflm-°ƒ GIm-¥X A\p- -hn-°p-

∂p. ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øns‚ Hgn™ aqe-I-fn¬ InS-°p∂

Bflm-°ƒ a‰p-]-e-sc-bpw-Imƒ At\-I-a-Sßv bmX-\-Iƒ kln-

°p-∂p. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS aX-kw-_‘hpw, hnizm-

k-]-c-hp-amb Dt]-£-Iƒ a‰-t\Iw Bfp-Isf ssZh-Øn¬

\n∂pw AI-‰n-bXv aqe-amWv Ah¿ AhnsS IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚

Imc-Ww. Ah-cpsS ]m]-ßƒ°p-am-X-a-√, Ah¿ aqew sX‰p

]‰n-b-h-cpsS ]m]-ßƒ°p IqSn Ah¿ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Gs‰-

SpØv ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bp-≠v. Ch¿ Xßƒ°p e`n®

Xme-¥p-Isf ]c-ky-ambn ssZhsØ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øphm-\pw,

k`sb A[n-t£-]n-°phm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xp-aq-e-am-Wv.

Al-¶mcw G‰hpw henb ]m]-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AØcw

Bflm-°-fpsS ip≤o-I-cWw ssZ¿Ly-ta-dn-b-XmWv. CØ-c-Øn-

ep-≈-h¿ qan-bn¬ sh®v X\n°v ssZhsØ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂pw,

ssZhsØ A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-hm≥ aSn-®-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥

Hcp hnUvVn-bm-bn-cp-∂t√m F∂p a\- n-em°n Ah¿ IqSp-

X¬ ]oV-Iƒ kln-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-

Wbpw, Ir]bpw, kvt\lhpw sIm≠p amX-amWv Xßƒ ChnsS

FØn-t®¿∂-sX∂pw As√-¶n¬ \nXy-\-c-I-amWv Xßƒ°p e`n-

t°-≠nbncp∂-sX∂pw Ah¿ Kln-°p-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ ip≤o-

I-cWÿeØv FØn Ahsc Biz-kn-∏n-°p-hm≥ hcp-tºmƒ

Cu Bflm-°ƒ Hgn™p amdp-∂-Xmbn shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ e`n-

®n- p-≠v. ImcWw Ah-fpsS hnip-≤nbpw, ssZh-kvt\-lhpw Ah-

cn¬ hfsc IqSp-X¬ thZ-\-bpw, ]oVbpw Df-hm-°p-∂p. CXn\v

as‰mcp ImcWw qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ahsf kvt\ln-

°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNømsX Ahsf Xnc-kvI-cn-®-

Xn-\m¬ Cu Bflm-°ƒ°v IqSp-X¬ e÷ D≠m-Ip-∂p.

- 25 - - 26 -

`qan-bn¬ sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-®n-

cp-∂-h¿°v ip≤o-I-cWkvYeØv Ah-fn¬ \n∂pw Bizmkw

kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂v I≠p-h-t√m. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

Bflm-°sf AhnsS sh®v Ahƒ B›-cy-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Ahƒ

AhnsS IS∂p h∂v ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI-‰p∂

Ah-cpsS kzm¿∞-kvt\-lsØ-bpw, Ipd-hp-I-sfbpw IgpIn If-

bp∂p. Aßs\ Bflmhv ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hfsc

thK-Øn¬ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØp \n∂pw kz¿§-Øn-te°v B\-

bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. \Ωƒ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-tfmSp ]I-Sn-

∏n® kvt\lsØ Ahƒ Hcn-°epw ad-°p-∂n-√. Ct∏mƒ qan-

bn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂hcpw, ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb kvt\ln-°p-

Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp hy‡n Xs‚ ]n-b-

s∏´ acn®p t]mb Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hn\p th≠n ]m¿∞n-

°p -I-bm -sW-¶n¬ Ahƒ B Bflm-hns\ ip≤o-I-

cWÿeØp \n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°pw. Ah-cpsS CØ-cw ]m¿∞-

\-Iƒ ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb hf-sc-b-[n-I-ambn kv]¿in-°p-∂Xp

ImWmw.

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØp \n∂v Bflm-°sf tamNn-∏n-°m≥

km[n-°p∂ G‰hpw \√ Hcp Bbp-[-amWv P]-ame ]m¿∞-

\. ip≤o-I-cW-m-flm-hn\v ssZh-tØm-Spff Xs‚ kvt\l-Øns‚

D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ cq]-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ ISp-∏-ap≈ ]mfnsb Iodn-ap-

dn®v If-bp-hm≥ CXn\p km[n-°pw. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-bp-ambn

Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Bflob_‘w D≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS Bflm-

°ƒ°p-th≠n amXm-hp-ambn `qan-bn¬ sh®v Bflob

_‘ap≈-h¿ ]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ, Aß-s\-bp≈ Bflm-°ƒ

ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv tim -bp≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-

Xmbn ImWm≥ km[n®p F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-

bpsS kvt\lw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]m]y-amb Ah¿ IqSp-X¬

kt¥mjw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h-cmbn ImW-s∏- p. Ch¿°v a‰p-≈-h-

tc-°mƒ Nne ]tXyI Dƒ°mgvNIƒ e`n-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ hfsc

thKw Bflob Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. `qan-bn¬

sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw, _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw

sNøm-Xn-cp-∂-h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hfsc

_p≤n-ap- p-Iƒ A\p- -hn-°p-∂p. Ahƒ IS∂p hcp-tºmƒ, Ah-

fpsS \ng¬ Ah-cpsS ta¬ ]Xn-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿°v i‡-amb

thZ-\bpw ]oV-Ifpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn Adnhv e`n-®n- p-≠v.

22222acn-bm-kn-½mbv¡v e`n¨

shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ

HmkvSn -bm-bnse shmdmƒt_¿Kv Ip∂p-I-fn -ep≈,

tkm¨SmKv F∂ Hcp Kma-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p acn-bm-knΩ Pohn-®n-

cp-∂-Xv. XnI®pw Hcp KmaoW kvXobmbn Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ah¿

Ip´n-°mew apXte ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n ]m¿∞n-®n-

-cp-∂p. Ahƒ°v GXm≠v Ccp-]-Øn-b©p hb- m-b-t∏mƒ apX¬

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°ƒ Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS Ahsf kµ¿in-°m-dp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. Dd® Hcp ItØm-en°m hnizm-knbpw, hfsc Xmgva-bp≈

Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bp-am-bn-cp∂p acn-b. Ah-fpsS CS-hI

hnIm-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw, _nj-∏n¬ \n∂pw Ahƒ°v [mcmfw

t]m¬km-l\w e`n-®n-cp-∂p. hfsc Zmcn-Zy-Ønepw Ffn-a-bn-ep-ap-

s≈mcp Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-fp-tS-Xv. hnip≤ tUm¨ t_mkvtIm,

hnip≤ uÃo-\, hnip≤ P¿Xq-Uv, Pt\m-h-bnse hnip≤ ImX-

do≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿s°ms° e`n-®n-cp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hc-am-

bn-cp∂p Ahƒ°v e`n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

1940 mw am≠nse Hcp Znhkw shfp-∏ns\ aq∂p-a-Wn°pw

- 27 - - 28 -

\mep-a-Wn-°p-an-S-bn-emWv Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv acn-bsb BZy-

ambn kµ¿i-n°p-∂-Xv. GtXm i_vZw tI´v DW¿s∂-¶n-epw,

Ahƒ°v bw H∂pw A\p- -h-s∏- n-√. Hcp A]-cn-Nn-X≥ apdn-

°-I-Øp-IqSn \S-°p-∂p. Abm-tfmSv IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ acnb

Bh-iy-s∏-s´-¶nepw ]d-™Xv tIń√ F∂ `mh-Øn¬

apdn°IØpIqSn ho≠pw \S-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. \nßƒ

F¥mWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂v acnb tNmZn-s®-¶nepw Abmƒ adp-

]Sn H∂pw \¬In-bn-√. Iń-en¬ \n∂pw NmSn Fgp-t∂‰ acnb

Abmsf IS∂p ]nSn-°m≥ ian-s®-¶nepw ssIøn¬ H∂pw

XS--™n-√. ho≠pw Iń-en¬ Ib-dn-In-S∂ acn-bbv°v B cq]w

ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™p. ho≠pw Fgp-t∂‰v Abmsf ]nSn-°p-

hm≥ ian-s®-¶nepw iaw hn -e-ambn. Abmsf ]n∂oSv I≠n-

s√-¶nepw B cmXn Ahƒ°v Dd-ßm≥ Ign-™n-√. ASpØ

Znhkw hn. Ip¿_m-\-bv°p-tijw Ahƒ Xs‚ Bflob Kpcp-

hns‚ ]°¬ Cu hnhcw Adn-bn-®p. C\nbpw C]-Imcw ImWp-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \nßƒ BcmWv F∂v tNmZn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw

\nßƒ°v F∂n¬ \n∂v F¥v klm-b-amWv th≠Xv F∂v

tNmZn-°p-hm≥ At±lw Bh-iy-s∏- p. ASpØ Znhkw cmXn

A]-cn-Nn-X≥ ho≠pw kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ acnb Xs‚ Bflob

Kpcp ]d-™Xp t]mse tNmZn-®p. X\n°p th≠n aq∂p hnip≤

Ip¿_m-\-Iƒ sNm√n ka¿∏n-®m¬ Xm≥ hnap-‡-\m-hp-sa∂v

Abmƒ ]d-™p. At∏mƒ amX-amWv AXv Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-

flmhv BsW∂v acn-bbv°v a\- n-em-b-Xv. Cu Imcyw Xs‚

Bflob Kpcp ÿnco-I-cn°pIbpw CØ-c-Øn¬ C\n IS∂p

hcp∂ Bflm-°sf HuZmcy at\m- m-h-tØmsS amXta kzoI-

cn-°mhp F∂pw Ah¿°v th≠Xv sNbvXpsImSp°-W-sa∂pw

Bflob Kpcp ]c-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. CØ-c-Øn¬ h¿j-ß-tfmfw

At\Iw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-®-Xmbn acnb

]d-bp-∂p.

hn. Ip¿_m-\-t]mse, P]-ame ]m¿∞-\bpw Ipcn-ins‚

hgnbpw Ah¿°p-th≠n sNm√n ka¿∏n-°m≥ Ah¿ bmNn-

®n-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv FØnb Bflm-°ƒ

AhnsS \n∂pw Hcn-°epw aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n-

√. `qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-tc-°mƒ Af-°m≥ ]‰mØ

hn[w Af-hn¬ Ah¿°v Adnhpw Dƒ°m-gvNbpw e`n-®n- p-

s≠∂v acnb ]d-bp-∂p. A‘-Imcw \nd™ Cu temI-Øn-

te°v aS-ßn-h-cp-hm≥ Ah¿ BK-ln-°p-∂n-√. ip≤o-I-c-Wÿ-

eØv Ah¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ thZ\ hfsc ITn-\-am-sW-¶nepw

CXn\p tijw ssZh-tØmSp IqSn \nXy-ambpw Pohn°mw F∂

Hcp Dd® hnizmkw Ah¿°p≠v. CXp-aq-e-ap-≠m-Ip∂

kt¥mjw Xßƒ A\p- -hn-°p∂ thZ-\-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X-em-

Wv. qan-bn-te°p aSßn t]mIp-hm-\mbn qan-bn-ep≈sXm∂pw

Ah¿ hep-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√.

ssZh-a√ Hcp hy‡nsb ip≤o-I-cWÿetØ°v Ab-

°p-∂-sX∂pw adn®v B hy‡n-bpsS Bflmhp Xs∂-bmWv

Ahn-tS°p t]mIp-hm≥ BKlw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂pw acn-

b°v shfn-s∏-SpØn Inń-bn- p≠v. ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øp≈ Hcp

Bflmhv ssZh-Øns‚ BK-l-tØmSv ]q¿Æ-ambpw Hń-t®¿∂n-

cn-°p-∂p. \∑-bn¬ Ah¿ kt¥m-jn-°p-Ibpw, \ΩpsS \∑sb

Ah¿ BK-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-sØbpw `qan-bn-

ep≈hscbpw Ah¿ kvt\ln-°p-∂p.

acn-°p∂ ka-bØv Hcp Bflmhv ssZh-sØbpw, Ahn-

SpsØ tXPkpw ImWp-∂p. CXv ]q¿Æ-amb tXP- n¬ A√m-

sb∂p amXw. F¶n¬ t]mepw AXns‚ tim` Xo¿Øpw h¿Æ-

\m-Xo-X-am-Wv. kz¿§-Øn¬ (\n-Xy-X) Bflmhv FØn-°-gn-bp-

tºmƒ a\- n-em-°p∂ tim -bp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ

CXv H∂p-a-√.

- 29 - - 30 -

acn-bbv°v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n® Adn-

hp-Iƒ sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩ ip≤o-I-cWÿew kµ¿-in-°m-

dp-s≠∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™p. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ ip≤o-I-c-

Wm-flm-°sf Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw, Ah¿ sNbvXn- p≈ \∑-

Isf Hm¿Ωn∏n°m-dp-ap-≠v. AΩ Ah¿°v ss[cyhpw t]m¬km-

l-\hpw, Bflhnizm-khpw \¬Ip-∂p. ]tXy-In®v InkvXp-a-

kv, kIe Bflm-°-fpsSbpw Hm¿Ω-Zn-hkw (\-hw-_¿ c≠v)

Zp:Jsh≈n, am-Xm-hns‚ kz¿§m-tcm-]Ww, CutimbpsS kz¿§m-

tcm-lWw XpS-ßn-b Xncp-\m-fp-I-fn¬ [mcmfw Bflm-°sf

AΩ ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øp-\n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ HuZmcyw, tkh\w Ch sNøm-Xn-cn-

°p-I, a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-°p-d-hv, lrZ-b-Im-Tn\yw, hntZz-

jw, iXp-X, A]-hmZw ]d-®n¬ apX-em-b-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]hr-

Øn-Iƒ aqe-ap-≠mb ]m]-ß-fmWv ip≤o-I-cWÿe-tØ°p

t]mIp-hm-\p≈ Imc-W-ßƒ F∂v acn-b°v Adnhp e`n®p.

\oN-hpw, Iqc-hp-amb ]hr-Øn-Iƒ, A]-hmZw ]d-®n¬

Chbv°v hfsc IqSp-X¬ ip≤o-I-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

c≠m-fp-I-fn¬ Hcp ]pcp-j\pw Hcp kvXobpw, Ch¿

ip≤o-I-cWÿe-ØmtWm F∂-dn-bp-hm≥ acn-b-tbmSv Hcmƒ

Bh-iy-s∏- p. CXnse kvXo kz¿§-Ønepw, ]pcp-j≥ ip≤o-

I-cWÿe-Øp-am-sW∂ acn-b-bpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø¬, tNmZn®

Bfns\ hfsc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. ImcWw taev∏-d™ kvXo

Hcp `qW-l-Xy-°n-S-bn-emWv ac-W-s∏- -Xv. F∂m¬ B ]pcp-

j≥ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ t]mIp∂ Bfpw \√ PohnXw \bn-°p∂

Hcm-fp-am-bn-cp∂p. Cßs\ tI -t∏mƒ sX‰p ]‰ntbm F∂ kwi-

b-Øm¬ acnb CtX-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ At\z-jWw Bcw- n-®p.

]s£ Ahƒ°p e`n® shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ icn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-

fp-Ifpw GI-tZiw Htc ka-b-ØmWv acn-®sX¶nepw acWka-

bsØ c≠p-t]-cp-sSbpw AhÿIƒ hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p. Cu

kvXo hfsc hn\o-Xbpw, Ffn-a-bp-≈-hfpw, ac-W-k-a-bØv

A\p-Xm-]-mh-ÿ-bnepw Bbn-cp-∂p. ]s£ ]pcp-j≥ a‰p-≈-

hsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw, ]cmXn ]d-bp-Ibpw, a‰p-≈-h-sc-°p-

dn®v ZqjWw ]d-bp∂ Bfp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Imc-W-ØmemWv

B kvXo ip≤o-I-cWw thK-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm°n kz¿§-

Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥ klm-b--am-bXv. _mly-am-bh t\m°n

Bscbpw hn[n-°-cp-sX∂v Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬ hy‡-ambn ]d-

bp-∂p-≠-t√m.

\ap°v CjvS-an-√mØ hy‡n-Isf Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-I, kam-

[m\ ia-ßƒ°v hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-I, £an-°m-Xn-cn-°pI, Cu Ah-

ÿ-Iƒ F√mw \Ωn¬ Ip∂p-IqSn HuZmcyw sNøm-Ø-h-cmbn

\sΩ am‰p-Ibpw, CXv ]m]-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´v acnb as‰m-c-\p- hw ]¶p shbv-°p-

∂p. X\n°v \√-hÆw ]cn-N-b-ap≈ Hcp kvXo ac-W-tijw

ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØØn. Ah¿ acn-bsb kµ¿in-°pIpw

Xm≥ ITn-\-amb kl-\-Ønepw ]oV-bnepw BsW∂pw Adn-

bn-®p. -Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ X\n°v Hcp Iq´p-Imcn D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. Ah-fp-ambn Xm≥ iXp-X-bnembn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw, h¿j-ß-

tfmfw B Ahÿ XpS¿∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ahƒ ]d™p.

CXn-\n-Sbv°v Xs‚ Iq´p-Imcn £an-°p-hm\pw A\p-c-⁄-\-

s∏-Sphm\pw Xøm-dm-bn´pw Ahƒ ac-W-°n-S-°-bnembn-´p-

t]mepw Xm≥ £an-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn√ F∂v B Bflmhv

]d™p. Ahƒ acn-°m-dm-bn´pt]mepw Ahƒ°p-t\sc Xm≥

lrZbw AS-bv°p-Ibpw, A\pc⁄\-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. CXmWv Xm≥ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv FØn-b-Xns‚

Imc-W-sa∂v Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p. \ΩpsS tami-amb hm°p-Ifpw

- 31 - - 32 -

NoØ ]hr-Øn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hsc sIm√m≥ km≤y-am-°p-∂Xp

t]mse \√ hm°p-Ifpw \√ ]hr-Øn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hsc kpJ-

s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv \√ lrZ-b-

ap-≈-h-cmbn s]cp-am-dp-∂-h¿°pw kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿°pw ip≤o-

I-cWw D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv bYm¿∞ kvt\lw \nc-h-

[n-bmb ]m]-ßsf aqSn-°-f-bp-∂p.

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°-fpsS ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥

\ap°v ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ Ahsc klm-bn-°mw. Ah¿°v \sΩ

klm-bn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ \sΩ klm-

bn-°pw. ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-sf-∏‰n at\m-l-c-amb Xs‚ ]pkvX-

I-Øn-eqsS ^mZ¿ s_dn-temIvkv Hcp kvXosb-°p-dn®v

Cßs\ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu hy‡n ]m¿∞-\bpw Xs‚

kl-\-ßfpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°fpsS hnSp-X-en-\p-th≠n

ImgvN sh®n-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p.-A-hƒ ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ InS-

°p-tºmƒ Hcp ZpjvSm-cq-]n-bpsS ]°¬ \n∂pw Ahƒ c£-

s∏-´p. CXp a\- n-em-°nb B ZpjvSm-cq]n tcmj-tØmsS

Ahsf BI-an®p. Cu ka-bØv AKm[Iq]Øn¬ InS∂

F√m ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Ifpw HØp tN¿∂v Hcp tk\-bmbn

Ahƒs°-Xnsc Xncn-™p. Ipd®p kabtØ°v Ch¿ ]oV-

\-ßƒ sIm≠v Ahsf _p≤n-ap- n-®p. s]s´∂v Hcp Iq´w A]-

cn-Nn-Xcpw Ah¿Æ-\o-b-amb kuµ-cy-Øns‚ DS-a-I-fp-amb Iptd-

t∏¿ ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Isf B´n-∏m-bn-®p. kt¥m-j-tØmsS CX-

amXw D]-Imcw X\n°v sNbvXp Xcp-hm≥ \nßƒ Bcm-sW∂v

ac-Wm-k-∂-bmb kvXo tNmZn-®p. \nßƒ ]m¿∞-\-bn-eq-sS-

bpw, kl-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw \nXy-X-bnseØm≥ klm-bn®

kz¿§-hm-kn-I-fm-sW∂v Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p. Bflo-b-ambpw imcn-

co-I-ambpw thZ-\n-°p∂ Cu ÿeØp \n∂pw c£-s]-SpØn

kt¥m-j-Øns‚ ÿe-amb \nXy-X-bn¬ \nßsf FØn-°m≥

IqSn-bmWv Xßƒ FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂sX∂v Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p.

acn-°m≥ InS∂ Ah-fpsS apJØv ]p©ncn hnS-cp-Ibpw kam-

[m-\-Øn¬ Ahƒ acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ ]mhn-t‚Xp

t]mse ]cn-ip-≤-amb Ah-fpsS Bflmhv Xs‚ k¬]-hr-Øn-

Iƒ aqew ip≤o-I-cWÿeØp \n∂pw \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-

t®¿°-s∏´ At\Iw Bflm-°-fpsS kwc-£-W-tØmSpw,

klm-b-tØm-Spw, A\p-K-lm-in-kp-I-tfmSpw, Iø-Sn-I-tfmSpw

IqSn ssZhk∂n-[n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°-s∏- p.

\ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ aqew hnSp-X¬ e`n® ip≤o-I-c-

Wm-fl-°ƒ°v \ΩpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ Adn-bp-hm-\pw, klm-bn-

°p-hm-\pw, Ir]-Iƒ hmßn®p Xcp-hm\pw km[n-°pw. IqSmsX

taep-≤-cn® A\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂pw ac-W-k-a-bØv \ΩpsS ico-

c-sØbpw, Bflm-hn-s\bpw ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Iƒ ]oVn-∏n-°m≥ ian-

°p-sa∂pw Cu kabw \mw \n -lm-b-cm-sW-∂p-ap≈ kXyw

a\- n-em-°p-I. kz¿§-hm-kn-Iƒ°v Cu kabw \sΩ klm-

bn-°m≥ km[n°pw. ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Iƒ tami-bpsS arX-i-co-c-

Øn\v Ah-Imiw ]d-bp∂ mKw bqZmkv 1, 9˛¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn- p-≠t√m.

Pohn-X-Im-eØp sNbvX ]m]-ßƒ F√mw XpS-®p-am-‰p-

hm≥ Hcp k¬]-hr-Øn°v F-]-Imcw km[n-°p-sa∂v acnb

Cßs\ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. acn-bbpsS Kma-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈

Kma-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp sNdp-∏-°mcs‚ A\p- hw C]-

Im -c -am -bn -cp∂p. B Kma -Øn¬ XpS¿®-bmbn ]e

]IrXnt£m -ßƒ aqew [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ acn-°m-\n-S-bm-bn.

Hcp Znhkw Bbmƒ ho´n-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ AhnsS CØ-c-Øn-

ep≈ Hcp ]Ir-Xn-t£m`w D≠m-bn. henb Ic-®nepw klm-b-

- 33 - - 34 -

`y¿∞-\-bp-ambn Bfp-Iƒ i_vZ-ap-≠m-°p-∂Xp tI´ Abmƒ

Ahsc klm-bn-°m-\mbn hoSn\v ]pd-Øn-d-ßm≥ ian-®-t∏mƒ

Abm-fpsS AΩ XS-™p. AΩ-bpsS hm°v \nc-kn-®p-sIm≠v

Ahsc c£n-°m-\mbn Abmƒ ]pdØp IS-∂p. Abmfpw B

]IrXnt£m`Øn¬s∏´p acn-®p. aq∂p Znh-k-Øn-\p-tijw

Abm-fpsS Bflmhv acn-bsb kµ¿in-®n´v X\n-°p-th≠n

aq∂p hnip≤ Ip¿-_m-\-Iƒ sNm√n ka¿∏n-®m¬ ip≤o-I-c-

W-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂v X\n°v hnSp-X¬ In´p-sa∂v Adn-bn-®p. Cu

hnhcw acnb Abm-fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-ßsf Adn-bn-®p. Cbmƒ

hfsc ]m]-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p F∂v Abm-

fpsS Iq´p-Im-c≥ ]d-™p. XpS¿∂v acn® Bflmhv acn-b°v

CtX-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ hy‡X \¬In. Xs‚ Pohs\ ]Wbw

sh®p-sIm≠v Ah¿°p-th≠n sNbvX bYm¿∞-amb Hcp

kvt\l-]-hr-Øn°v \µn-bm-bn- mWv ssZhw Xs∂ kz¿§-Øn-

te°v aS°n hnfn-®-sX∂v Abmƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Xs‚ Hcp

HuZm-cy ]hrØn Akw-Jy-ß-fmb Xs‚ ]m]-ßsf aqSn-°-

f™p. ktlm-Zc\p th≠n Poh≥ XyPn--°p-∂Xv G‰hpw

henb Hcp kvt\l-]-hr-Øn-bmsW∂v hN-\-Øn-eqsS ]d-bp-

∂p-≠-t√m. Cbmƒ°v CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ bYm¿∞-amb Hcp

kvt\l ]hrØn sNøp-hm≥ ]n∂oSv Hcp Ah-kcw Hcn-°epw

e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v acnb Iq´nt®¿Øp. Xs∂Øs∂

ad∂v Cu kvt\lw ]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ e`n® Ah-kcw Imcp-Wy-

hm-\mb ssZhw Abmsf kz¿§-Øn-te°p aS-°n hnfn-°m≥

D]-tbm-Kn-®p. Hcp ]t£ Cbmƒ IqSp-X¬ Imew Pohn-®n-cp-

∂p-sh-¶n¬ tami-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-

°mw. CXp I≠ ssZhw Abmsf aS°n hnfn-®p. acWka-

bØv ssZthjvS-Øn\v \sΩ ]q¿Æ-ambn hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv

FX-b-[nIw Bh-iy-am-sW∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-W-t√m.

\mep a°-fp≈ Hcp AΩ-sb-∏‰n acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bXv C]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. acn-°m-dmb ka-bØv ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sm-

sXbpw ssZh-hp-ambn a√-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-c-ambn Ahƒ

Cßs\ ]m¿∞n-®p. “Ahn-SpsØ lnX-a-dn-™p-sIm≠v ac-

WsØ Rm≥ kzmKXw sNøp-∂p. Fs‚ Pohn-XsØ Rm≥

]q¿Æ-ambn ssZh-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. H∏w Fs‚ a°-sfbpw

Aß-bn¬ c-ta¬∏n-°p-∂p. Aßv Ah-cpsS Imcyw i≤n-°p-

sa∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p”. Ah-fpsS Ah¿Æ-\o-bamb

hnizmkw ImcWw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØp IS-°msX Ahƒ

t\sc kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. kvt\lw, Ffna (hn-\-bw),

]q¿Æ ka¿∏Ww Ch t\sc kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm-\p≈

aq∂v kz¿Æ-Xm-t°m-ep-I-fm-Wv.

hn. Ip¿_m\ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°sf tamNn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈

G‰hpw \√ Hcp am¿§-ambn acnb hnh-cn-°p-∂p. \tΩm-Sp≈

kvt\l-Øm-emWv tbip Xs∂-Øs∂ \ap-°mbn \¬In-bXv.

sshZo-I≥ tbip-hns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv. ssZhw Xs∂-bmWv

\ap-°p-th≠n _en-bm-hp-I-bpw, Xs∂Øs∂ \ap-°mbn \¬Ip-

Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿°p th≠n sNm√n ka¿∏n-

°p∂ hn. Ip¿_m\ D±n-jvS- ew ]Zm\w sNøm≥ hfsc klm-

bn-°p-∂p. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp-

∂-h¿°pw, AXn\v henb ]m[m\yw \¬In-b-h¿°pw, ac-Wm-

\¥cw Ah¿°p-th≠n ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hn.-Ip¿_m-\-Iƒ

FX-amXw ^e]Z-am-sW∂v ]d-™-dn-bn-°p-hm≥ km≤y-a-√.

Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xpd∂ lrZ-b-tØmsS FX-b-[nIw hn.

Ip¿_m-\-I-fn¬ Ah¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂pthm (k-a-b-e- y-X-b-\p-

-cn®v CS-Zn-h-k-ßƒ Dƒs∏-sS) A\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw ac-Wm-

\-¥cw AØcw Bfp-Iƒ°p-th≠n ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hn.

Ip¿_m-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿ em`w sImøp-∂Xv. Chn-sSbpw

- 35 - - 36 -

Ah-\-h≥ hnX-®Xv Ah-\-h≥ Xs∂ sImøp-∂p. Hcp ip≤o-I-

c-Wm-flm-hn\v Xs‚ ih-kw-kvImcw \S-°p-∂Xp t]mepw ImWp-

hm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah-tcmSv a‰p-≈-h¿°v At∏m-gp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kao-

]-\hpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ]m¿∞-\I-f-√msX \-ΩpsS

IÆp-\o-scm-gp-°-sem∂pw Ah¿°v Hcp ]tbm-P-\hpw sNøp-

∂n-√. Xß-fpsS ih-kw-kv°mc ka-bØv h∂-bm-fp-Iƒ

Xßƒ°p th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Hcp ]tbm-P-

\hpw C√mØ IÆp-\o¿ Hgp-°¬ amXw \S-Øn-b-Xn-s\-∏‰n

Ah¿ acn-b-tbmSv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≠v.

hn. Ip¿_m-\-sb-∏‰n B¿kn-se- Iyq¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb

Hcp kw`hw C]-Im-c-am-Wv. Hcp sshZo-I≥ Xs‚ hfsc ASp-

∏-ap≈ Hcp Iq´p-Im-c≥ acn-®-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-

°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Cbmƒ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hfsc IjvS-

∏m-Sp-Iƒ A\p- -hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmsW∂v ssZhw sshZo-

I\v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-SpØp. hn. Ip¿_m\ amXta CXn\v D]-

I-cn-°p-I-bp-≈p F∂p a\- n-em-°nb hnizm-kn-bmb sshZo-

I≥ ka¿∏W ka-bØv Xncp-thmkvXn ssIøn-se-SpØv

Db¿Øn Cßs\ ]d-™p. “]cn-ip-≤-\mb \nXy-]n-Xmth! \ap°v

Hcp ssIam‰w \SØmw. ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øp≈ Fs‚ Iq´p-

Im-cs‚ Bflmhv Aß-bpsS Ic-ß-fn-em-W-t√m. AXp-t]mse

Aß-bpsS ]nb-]p-Xs‚ Xncp-i-cocw BWt√m Fs‚ ssIøn¬

Rm≥ hln-®n-cn°p∂-Xv. ImcpWy-hm\pw \∑-\n-d-™-h-\p-amb

]nXmth, Aß-bpsS tbmKy-Xbpw, Ahn-SpsØ ]pXs‚ ]oVm-

\p- -h-Øn-s‚bpw, Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw tbmKy-X-Iƒ ka¿∏n-

°p-∂Xp hgn Fs‚ Iq´p-Imcs‚ Bflm-hns\ tamNn-∏n-t°-W-

ta.” DS-s\-Xs∂ Cu At]-£bv°v adp-]Sn e`n-®p. Iq´p-Im-

cs‚ Bflmhv sh´n-Øn-f-ßp∂ tXP-t msS kz¿§-Øn-te°v

Db-cp-∂Xv At±lw ImWm≥ CS-bmbn. ssZhw B hyh-ÿsb

AwKo-I-cn-®p-. Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hns\ AhnsS \n∂pw

tamNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ \mw BK-ln-°p-s∂-¶n¬ C]-Imcw Xs∂

sNøp-I. hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn-eqsS Xs‚ ]nb]pXs\ Ahn-SpsØ

]oVm-\p-`-h-Øn-s‚bpw Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw tbmKy-X-

tbmSp IqSn ka¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ahn-Sp∂v \ΩpsS bmN-\-Isf

\nc- n--°p-Ibn-√.

\ΩpsS IjvS-X-Iƒ, ]›m-Øm-]w, ]mb-›nØ ]hr-

Øn-Iƒ, D]-hm-kw, kzbwXyPn-°¬, tcmK-]o-V-Iƒ apX-em-

bh aqe-ap≈ kl-\-ßƒ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n

ImgvN hbv°p-∂Xv Ah¿°p hfsc klm-b-I-am-Ipw. Hcp

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv acn-b-tbmSv X\n°p th≠n aq∂p-a-Wn-°q¿

ico-c-Øn¬ kl-\-ßƒ kzoIcn-°mtam F∂v A`y¿∞n®-

Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p. acnb CXn\v kΩXw \¬In. Cu aq∂p aWn-

°q¿ X\n°v aq∂p Znh- -ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw B ka-

bØv A\p- -hn® thZ\ ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ ]‰mØ hn[-Øn-

em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.. Cu kl-\-ßƒ

Xo¿∂p-I-gn™v hm®n¬ t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ aq∂p aWn-°q¿ FSp-

Øn--cp-∂p F∂p a\- n-em-bn. Xm≥ kvt\l-tØm-Sp-IqSn aq∂p

aWn°q¿ kln-®-Xn-\m¬ Xs‚ ip≤o-I-cWÿesØ Ccp-]-

Xp-h¿jw Ipd™p In´n-b-Xmbn A`y¿∞\ \S-Ønb Bflmhv

Adn-bn-®p. qan-bn¬ sh®p≈ kl-\-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬ aqey-

ap-s≠∂v Cu A\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw. qan-bn¬

sh®v \mw IqSp-X¬ kln-°p-tºmƒ \Ωn-ep≈ kvt\lw hf-

cp-Ibpw AXp-aqew [mcmfw Ir]-Iƒ \ap°p e`n-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. F∂m¬ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿesØ kl-\-ß-fn-eqsS AXv

A\p- -hn-°p∂ Bflm-hns‚ ]m]-ßƒ amXta ip≤o-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sphm≥ D]-I--cn-°p-∂p-≈q. Ah¿°v AhnsS CXp-aqew A[n-

I-ambn Ir]-Iƒ H∂pw e`n-°p-∂n-√. qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p-tºmƒ

- 37 - - 38 -

Hcmƒ°v [mcmfw Ir]-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ hgn-I-fp≠v. AXv Xnc-

s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ kzmX¥yw Ah¿°p-≠v. `qan-bnse kl-\-

ßƒ°v Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp A¿∞-ap-≠v. kzta-[bm kl-

\-ßƒ Gs‰-Sp°p-Itbm, As√-¶n¬ \ap°v A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏- h

kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ- -A-s√-¶n¬

tcmK-ßfpw Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw, \ncmimP\-

I-amb A\p- -h-ßfpw Hcp sNdnb _en-bmbn ]q¿Æ Ffn-a-

tbmSpw £a-tbmSpw IqSn kzoI-cn®v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°v

th≠n ImgvN-sh-°p-tºmƒ AXv Ah¿°v Af-°m≥

]‰mØhn[w ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂p. \ΩpsS kl-\-ßƒ tbip-

hns‚ kl-\-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn tN¿Øp-sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-bpsS

Ic-ß-fn-eqsS ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xv AXyp-Ø-a-am-bn-cn-°pw. Ahsb

Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂v AΩbv°v Adn-bmw. Ch-

sb√mw ]cn-ip≤ AΩ \ΩpsS acWka-bØv aS-°n-Ø-cpw.

\Ωƒ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ImgvN-sh® kl-\-ßƒ hcm-\n-

cn-°p∂ temI-Øn-te°v \Ωƒ \ap-°p-th≠n kºm-Zn-°p∂

AXy-[nIw hne-s∏´ \n[n-I-fmbn amdpw. a‰p-≈-hsc \mw CXv

Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw \ΩpsS kl-\-ßƒ a‰p-≈-hsc t]m¬km-

ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v DX-Ip-∂-Xp-am-I-Ww.

Ipcn-ins‚ hgn \SØn Cutim-bpsS ]oVm-k-l-\-ßsf

[ym\n-°p-∂Xp hgn Aev]mev]ambn ]m]-ßsf shdp-°p-hm\pw

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS c£-°p-th≠n \mw BK-ln-°p-hm\pw XpS-ßp-

∂p. \ΩpsS a\- n¬ P\n-°p∂ Cu Xmev]cyw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-

flm-°ƒ°v hfsc Bizmkw \¬Ip-∂p. Ipcn-ins‚ hgn

]m¿∞\ \sΩ A\p-Xm-]-Øn-tebv°v \bn-°p-∂p. kºq¿Æ

P]-am-ebpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-bn-°p-

∂p. P]-ame ]m¿∞-\-bn-eqsS At\Iw Bflm-°ƒ hnSp-X¬

]m]n-°p-∂p. Cu ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩ

ip≤o-I-cW ÿeØv \n∂v At\Iw Bflm-°sf tamNn-∏n-

°p-∂p. ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°ƒ ]cn-ip≤ I\y-Im-a-dn-bsØ “Icp-

W-bpsS AΩ” (Mother of Mercy) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

k -bn-eqsS G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn--°p∂ Zfihntam-N-\-ßƒ

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf tamNn-∏n-°m≥ FX-b-[nIw hne-s∏´

Hcp am¿§-am-sW∂v ]e¿°pw t_m≤y-an-√. k` \njvI¿jn-

°p∂ hne-s∏´ Cu \n[n Bflm-°-fpsS c£-°p-th≠n D]-

tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv hfsc Iqc-am-Wv. CXns‚ aqeysØ∏-

‰n-bpw, th≠-hn[w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw k`m-a-

°-fn¬ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bp≠v. t]mƒ Bdm-

a≥ am¿]m∏ CtX-°p-dn®v hfsc hni-Z-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v.

\ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf hf-sc-b-[nIw

klm-bn-°p∂p F∂-Xn\v sl¿a≥ tIml≥ F∂ Hcp blq-

Zs‚ A\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-°mw. Ct±lw 1864 ˛¬

ItØmen°mk` kzoI-cn-®p. hn. Ip¿_m-\sb hf-sc-b-[nIw

_lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw, hn. Ip¿_m-\-bpsS Bcm-[-\-bn¬ Xm¬]-

cy-]q¿∆w ]s¶-Sp-°pIbpw sNbvXn-cp∂ H-cm-fm-bn-cp∂p

At±lw. ItØm-en°mk` kzoI-cn-°msX Xs‚ AΩ acn-®-

t∏mƒ hn. Ip¿_m-\-bpsS apºn¬ Iagv∂p hoWv hne-]n®v

At±lw Cßs\ ]m¿∞n-®p. “ssZhsa Rm≥ A-ß-tbmSv

]q¿Æ-ambpw IS-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßv AXv A¿ln-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Fs∂ Aßv Xnc-s™-SpØv hnfn-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥

F√mw Atß-°mbn _en-I-gn-®p. ]Xn-^-e-ambn \qdn-c´n

hmKvZm\w sNbvX ssZhsa Fs‚ AΩ-bpsS Bflm-hns\

amXw F¥p-sIm≠v Aßv \nc- n-®p.” Cßs\ ]d™v Ic-

™-t∏mƒ Hcp kzcw At±lw ihn-®p. “Aev] hnizm-kntb!

\ns‚ AΩ c£n°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ apºn¬ \ns‚

]m¿∞\ FX-b-[nIw hne-s∏- -h-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sht∂m! \ns‚

AΩ-bv°p-th≠n \o ka¿∏n® ]m¿∞\-Iƒ F√mw Rm≥

H∂n-®p-Iq- n. Fs‚ IcpW Ah-fpsS Ah-km-\sØ aWn-°q-

- 39 - - 40 -

dn¬ Ahsf IcpXn.” Ahƒ acn-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥ Ahsf kao-]n-

°p-Ibpw Ahƒ C]-Imcw Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp

“Fs‚ I¿Ømth, Fs‚ ssZh-ta”. “\o ss[cy-am-bn-cn-°p-I.

A[nIw Xma- n-°msX \ns‚ AΩsb ip≤o-I-cW ÿeØp

\n∂pw Rm≥ hnSp-hn-°pw”, tbip shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. A[nIw Xma-

-an-√msX sl¿a≥ tIml\v Xs‚ AΩ kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-

°-s∏- -Xmbn Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™p.

hn. _nPn-Øm-bpsS ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm--°ƒ°v th≠n-bp≈

]m¿∞\ hfsc ^e-Zm-b-I-amsW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Xßƒ°p-

th≠n H∂pw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-hn-√mØ \n m-lm-b-cmb Ah¿°p-

th≠n \ap°p ]m¿∞n-°mw. \mw Ah¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-®n-

s√-¶n¬ Ah¿ Dt]-£n-°-s∏- -h-cmbn amdpw. \Ωn¬ \n∂pw hf-

sc-b-[nIw ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ]Xo-£n-°p∂ Chsc \ncm-i-cm-°m-

Xn-cn-°p-I. \ap°v HuZmcyw ]cn-io-en-°m≥ \√ Hcp am¿§-am-Wn-

Xv. kphn-ti-j-Ønse apdn-th‰v ac-Wm-h-ÿ-bn¬ InS∂ a\p-

jys\ ipiq-jn® \√ ka-cn-b-°m-c-s\-t∏mse ip≤o-I-c-Wm-

flm-°sf \ap°v ]m¿∞-\-hgn klm-bn°mw. ChnsS apdn-th‰

B a\p-jy≥ hgn-bm-X-°msc amXw Bi-bn®v AhnsS InS-

°p-∂p. Pohn-X-bm-X-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ \mw \ΩpsS

]m¿∞-\-I-fm-Ip∂ ipiqjIƒ hgn ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf

AhnsS \n∂pw c£n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw.

`qan-bn¬ \ap°p e`n-°p∂ kl-\-ßsf kt¥m-j-tØm-

Sp-IqSn kzoI-cn®v ssZh-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xp hgn e`n-°p∂

\∑-I--sf-°p-dn®v acnb Hc-\p- -h-Øn-eqsS Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-

∂p. 1954˛¬ Xs‚ Kma-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp Kma-Øn¬ At\Iw

]IrXn Zpc-¥-ßƒ D≠m-bn. ]s£ hfsc A¤p-I-camw hn[w

Ah B KmasØ \in-∏n-°msX s]s´∂p \ne-®p. GXm≠v

ap∏-tXmfw h¿j-ß-fmbn tcmKm-h-ÿ-bnepw, th≠-hn[w ipiq-

j-Iƒ e`n-°m-sXbpw InS∂ Kma-hm-kn-bmb kvXo At∏mƒ

acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Chƒ C°m-e-a-Xbpw Xs‚ tcmK-]o-V-

Iƒ aqe-ap-≠mb kl-\-ßƒ Xs‚ Kma-Øn-\p-th≠n ImgvN

hbv°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-fpsS Cu ka¿∏-W-Øns‚ \µn-bmbn

B KmasØ henb ]IrXn Zpc-¥-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw, \mi-\-jvS-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ssZhw Hgn-hm-°n-b-Xmbn a‰p Nne ip≤o-I-

cWmflm-°ƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ahƒ kl-\-ß-sf√mw £a-tbm-

Sp-IqSn kln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Btcm-Ky-

h-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ B KmasØ c£n-°p-hm≥ Ahƒ°v

km≤y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v acnb Iq´n-t®¿Øp. £a-tbmSp

IqSn kl-\-ßƒ ImgvN hbv°p-tºmƒ ]m¿∞-\-h-gn-bmbn

t\Sp-∂-Xnt\°mƒ IqSpX¬ Bflm-°sf c£n-°m-sa∂v acnb

]d-bp-∂p. ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v kln-°p-tºmƒ Cu ]m¿∞-\-

Iƒ kl-\-ßsf AXnPohn-°m≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°pw. kl-

\sØ Hcn-°epw Hcp in£-bmbn Icp-Xm-Xn-cn-°p-I. \ΩpsS

]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ \ap-°p-th≠n amX-a√, a‰p-≈-

h¿°pth≠nbpw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Spw. ta¬ hnh-cn® A\p- hw

CXn\v Hcp \√ DZm-l-c-W-am-W-t√m. \n-j-vI-f-¶-\mb Cutim

Xs‚ kl-\-ß-fneqsS \ΩpsS ]m]-ßƒ°p th≠n ]mb-

›nØw sNbvX-Xpt]m-se-bmIpw CXv. £a-tbmsS Cutim-bpsS

]oVm-k-l-\-ß-tfmSp IqSn \ΩpsS kl-\-ßƒ tN¿Øp-h®v

\mw kln-°p-tºmƒ \ap°v e`n-°p∂ \n[n-I-sf-°p-dn®v kz¿§-

Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-tºmƒ amXta \ap°v a\- n-em-hp-I-bp-≈p.

Bflm-°ƒ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv ssZh-tØmSv Hcp

FXn¿∏pw IqSm-sX-bmWv kl-\-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂pw, Cu

ip≤o-I-cWw Ah¿°v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW∂v Ah¿ a\-

n-em-°p-∂-Xmbpw acn-b°v Adnhv e`n-®n- p-≠v.

ac-W-k-a-bØv A\p-Xm-]-Øn-s‚bpw ]›m-Øm-]-Øn-

- 41 - - 42 -

s‚bpw ]m[m-\y-sØ°p-dn®v acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. Ipº-km-

c-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]m]w £an-°-s∏-Sp∂p, F¶nepw AXp-aq-e-ap-≠m-

Ip∂ ^e-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. AXm-bXv ac-W-tijw t\sc

kz¿§-Øn¬ FØ-W-sa-¶n¬ Cu ka-bØv ]q¿Æ Zfi-hn-tam-

N\w (Indulgence) e`n-®n-cn-°-Ww. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-t®-

c-W-sa-¶n¬ Bflmhv CXn¬ \ns∂√mw ]q¿Æ-ambn hnSp-X¬

]m]-n®ncn°Ww. tami-amb PohnXw \bn® Hcp kvXosb-∏‰n

Ah-fpsS ac-W-tijap≈ Ahÿ-sb-°p-dn®v ]m¿∞n®p a\-

n-em-°n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ah-fpsS _‘p-°ƒ acn-b-tbmSv

A`y¿∞n-®p. sSbn-\n¬ \n∂v hoWmWv Ahƒ ac-W-s∏- -Xv. \c-

I-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ahƒ c£-∏- -Xmbn Hcp Bflmhv acn-b°v ]d-

™psImSpØp. CXn\v Ahsf klm-bn-®Xv ac-W-k-a-bØv Ah-

ƒ°p≠mb Bg-amb ]›mØm]am-bn-cp-∂p. ac-W-k-a-bØv

Ahƒ Cßs\ ]d-™p. “Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ Pohs\ Xncn-sI-sb-Sp-

°p-∂Xv G‰hpw \√ Imcy-am-Wv, ImcWw CXp aqe-sa-¶nepw

ssZh-ta, Aßsb thZ--\n-∏n-°m-sXbpw hrW-s∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpw

Ccn-°p-hm≥ F\n°p km[n-°p-at√m”. Cu G‰p-]-d-®n¬ Ah-

fpsS \nc-h-[n-bmb ]m]-ßƒ XpS-®p-am-‰-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Imc-W-am-bn.

ac-W-k-a-bØv Ahƒ°p-≠mb Bg-amb A\p-Xm-]-hpw, ssZh-

ap-ºmsI ]I-Sn-∏n® Ffn-a-s∏-Sepw \nXy-\-c-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw ip≤o-

I-c-W-ÿ-eØv Ahsf FØn-®p.

Pohn-X-Im-eØv ]m]m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp Bflm-

hn\v ac-W-k-abØv ssZh-Øn-te-°p-Xn-cn-bp-hm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-

°p-sa∂v acnb ]d-bp∂p. hfsc Npcp-ßnb Hcp kabw (Hcp

]t£ GXm\pw an\n-‰p-Iƒ) CXn-\mbn A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-t -°pw.

Cu ka-bØv \mw \bn® Pohn-XsØ Hcp kn\na ImWp-∂Xp

t]mse ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. At∏mƒ ]m]-ß-sf-°p-dn-t®m¿Øv

A\pX-]n®v ssZhsØ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ c£-s∏Sp-hm≥

Ign-bpw. Cß-s\-bp≈ ka-bØv ssZh-Øn-te°v Xncn-bp-hm≥

Hcp ]Xymi e`ns®¶n¬ amXta CXp km[y-am-hp-I-bp-≈p. Hcp

hy‡nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ac-W-k-a-bw -FXamXw ]m[m-

\y-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw Duln-°mw. “\∑ \nd™ adn-

bta” F∂p≈ ]m¿∞-\-bpsS Ah-km\ mKØv “]m]n-I-fmb

Rßƒ°p-th≠n Ct∏mgpw Rß-fpsS ac-W-k-a-bØpw ssZhw

Xºp-cm-t\mSv At]-£n-®p-sIm-t≈-Wta” F∂v Xncp-k` tN¿Øp-

h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w CXn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-W-t√m.

\nXy-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v HgnsI _m°n-bp≈ k`m-]-T-\-

ßƒ Hs° hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ Hcm-sf-∏‰n acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-

∂p. At±lw Hcp Znhkw Kpcp-X-c-amb tcmK-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn,

kpt_m[w \jvS-s∏´p. Hcp t_m¿Uv ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p∂ apdn-bn¬

InS-°p-∂-Xm-bn´v At±l-Øn\v tXm∂n. Cu t_m¿Un¬ Xm≥

sNbvX \∑ ]hr-Øn-I-fpw, Xn∑ ]hr-Øn-Ifpw sXfn™p hcp-

hm≥ XpS-ßn. XpS¿∂v Cu apdnbpw, t_m¿Upw A]-Xy-£-am-b-

Xmbn Abmƒ°p a\- n-em-bn. AXn-\p-tijw at\m-l-c-amb Hcp

ÿew I≠ Abmƒ t_m[w XncnsI e`n-®-t∏mƒ PohnX coXn

Xs∂ am‰p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ac-W-k-a-bØv Xs‚ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿsb°pdn®pw XpS¿∂v

A\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ kl-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ssZhw Adnhp

\¬Ip-∂-Xmbn acnb ]d-bp∂p. ]t£ F√m-h¿°pw Htc Af-

hn-ep≈ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√ \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm-

cp-Øcpw \bn® PohnX coXnsb Bi-bn-®m-bn-cn°pw Cu shfn-

s∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚ Bghpw Af-hpw. \-ΩpsS ac-W-k-a-bØv

kmØm≥ \sΩ BI-an-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v ssZhw A\p-aXn

\¬Ip-∂-Xmbn acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ]t£ CtXm-sSm∏w

Ahs\ FXn¿°p-hm\pw, B´n-tbm-Sn-°phm-\p-ap≈ Ir]bpw

ssZhw \ap°v \¬In-bn- p-≠-t√m. ac-W-k-a-bØv Hcp hy‡n°v

- 43 - - 44 -

Cu Ir] D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ kzmX¥y-ap-≠v. AXp th≠ hn[-

Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v amXw. acn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßp-I-bmWv

F∂ Adnhp e`n-®m¬ Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambn ssZh-Øn\v hn´p-

sIm-SpØv Xs‚ kl-\-ßƒ F√mw ssZh-Øn\v ImgvN-sh-®p-

sIm≠v ssZh-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn B\-µn-°p-I. CØcw Hcp

Hcp-°-amWv ac-W-k-a-bØv \ap°v Bh-iy-am-b-Xv. acn-°p-hm≥

InS-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n°v th≠n \ap°v sNøm-hp∂ ][m-\-

amb Imcyw Abmƒ°p th≠n ITn-\-ambn ]m¿∞n-°p-I, F∂p-

≈-Xm-Wv. ]n∂oSv B hy‡n-bpsS Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Xpd-∂p-

]-d™v sImSpØv acn-°p-hm-\mbn Abm-sf Hcp-°p-I.

Hcp hnip-≤t\m hnip-≤tbm BIp-hm-\mbn BK-ln-°p-

∂-h-tcm-Smbn acnb ]d-bp-∂Xv Al-¶mcw shSn™v Ffn-a-bn¬

Pohn-°pI F∂Xm-Wv. kmØm≥ Hcp-°p∂ G‰hpw hen-b-

sIWn- Al-¶m-c-am-Wv.

ac-Wm-\-¥cw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-

bm-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw qan-bn¬ sh®v Xs‚ ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-

bm-°p-hm-\p≈ A\p-hm-Z-Øn-\mbn ssZh-tØmSv bmNn-°m-sa∂v

acnb ]d-bp-∂p. CtX-°p-dn®v Hcp A\p- -h-Øn-eqsS acnb hni-

Zo-I-cn--°p-∂p. £b-tcmKw _m-[n-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Hcp sshZo-

I\pw, Hcp sNdp-∏-°mcn kvXobpw Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ ]th-in∏n-

°-s∏- p. qan-bn¬ sh®v Xs∂ kl-\-ßƒ kzoI-cn®v ip≤o-I-

cWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n t\sc kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n ssZh-tØmSv ]m¿∞n°mw F∂v Cu kvXo, sshZo-I-

t\mSv ]d™p. CXv tNmZn-°m≥ Xm≥ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√∂v

sshZo-I≥ adp-]Sn \¬In. Ch-cpsS kw`m-jWw Hcp I\ymkvXo

ihn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. BZyw kvXobpw XpS¿∂v sshZo-I\pw

acn-®p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw sshZo-I≥ I\ym-kvXo°v Z¿i\w \¬In

Cßs\ ]d-™p. “acn-®p-t]mb B kvXo ssZh-tØmSv tNmZn®

hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Ahƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ hnizmkw F\n-°p-

≠m-bn-cp-∂psh-¶n¬ Rm\pw t\sc kz¿§-Øn-te°v t]mIp-am-

bn-cp-∂p.”

ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øpff hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]oV-I-

sf-°p-dn®v acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. Hmtcm hy‡n°pw Hmtcm

Xc-Øn-ep≈ kl-\-ß-fmWv AhnsS A\p -h-n-t°-≠-Xv. AXn¬

Xs∂ hyXyÿ Af-hp-Iƒ D≠v. temI-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ F√m

Imcy-ßfpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Adn-bp-∂n-s√-¶nepw [mcmfw

Imcy-ßƒ Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂-Xmbn acn-b°p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥

Ign-™p. temI-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw kw -hn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-

Xn\p apºmbn Chcn¬ Nne¿ Ahy-‡-amb Nne shfn-s∏-Sp-

Ø-ep-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xmbn acnb ]dbp-∂p. \nß-fpsS apºn¬

Ft¥m ]Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Cu ka-bØv Ah¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øm-dp-≠v. Bfp-I-fpsS am\- m-¥-c-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-bh amX-

amWv Ah¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≈-Xv.

Hcn-°¬ acnb Xs∂ kµ¿in® Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-

hn-t\mSv as‰mcp Bflm-hns‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-∏‰n tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ

CtX-°p-dn®v Ah¿°v hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂Xv ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-

bm-sW∂v ]d-™p. ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv anJm-tb¬ amemJ

Dƒs∏sS a‰p amem-J-amcpw hcm-dp-≠v. AXp-t]mse ip≤o-I-

cWmflm-hns‚ Imh¬amem-Jbpw AhnsS D≠m-Ipw. Ah-c-h-

cpsS Imh¬am-em-Jam¿ Ahsc Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS

thZ-\-Iƒ ian-∏n-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ip≤o-I-c-

Wm-flm-°ƒ°v Ahsc ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw.

ssZhsØ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Hcp PohnXw t]mcm F∂v

tNmZn-°p-∂-h-tcm-Smbn acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. F√m a\p-

jy¿°pw Ah-cpsS a\x- m£n shfn-s∏-SpØn sImSp-°p-∂-X-

\p-k-cn®v \∑bpw Xn∑bpw Xncn-®-dn-bphm≥ km[n°pw. CtX-

- 45 - - 46 -

∏-‰n-bp≈ Dƒ°mgvN ssZhw F√m-h¿°pw \¬In-bn- p-≠v.

Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw CXns‚ Af-hn¬ hyXymkw Ds≠∂v amXw.

CXv th≠-hn[w D]-tbm-Kn®v A\p-Klw ]m]n-°p-hm≥ Ign-

bpw. Bfl-lXy sNbvX Bflm-°ƒ°p th≠nbpw ]tXyIw

]m¿∞n-°-Ww, ImcWw Ahcpw ac-W-tØmSv a√-Sn-°p-tºmƒ

]›m-Ø-]n-°p-∂-Xmbn Adnhp e`n-®n- p-≠v. Ah-cpsS PohnXw

shń-®p-cp-°msX Pohn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬, a‰p-≈-h¿°p th≠n

Ah¿°p sNbvXp sImSp-°p-hm≥ km[n-°m-ambncp∂ klm-

b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ ZpxJw A\p-

-hn-°p-∂p. Bfl-lXym]h-WX Nnet∏msgms° tcmK-Im-c-W-

ß-fm¬ BbXn\m¬ ssZhw AXv ]cn-K-Wn-t®-°mw.

ico-c-Ønepw, a\- nepw kl-\-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ AXv

X\n°v Xosc kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂v a\- n-em-°p-

tºmƒ Chsb Rm≥ Bflm-°-fpsS c£-°mbn ImgvN-sh-

bv°p∂p F∂p ]d™p ssZh-tØmSp ]m¿∞n-°p-I. At∏mƒ

AXv kln-°p-hm-\p≈ hnizm-khpw ss[cyhpw i‡nbpw

ssZhw \¬Ipw. ]s£ C°m-eØv Cßs\ Bcpw sNøm-dns√∂v

acnb ]d-bp-∂p. Cßs\ sNøp∂ Bfn\v IqSp-X¬ B\µw

e`n-°p-∂p. kz¿§-Øn¬ At\Imbncw Xc-Øn-ep≈ kt¥m-

jm-h-ÿ-Iƒ D≠v (Fs‚ cmPy-Øn¬ At\Iw hmk-ÿ-e-

ßƒ D≈-Xmbn hN-\-ØneqsS Cutim ]d--bp-∂p-≠-t√m). Ch

Hmtcm-∂n\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb ]q¿Æ-Xbpw k -eo-I-c-W-hp-ap-≠v.

kz¿§-Øn¬ FØnb Bflm-°ƒ°v X\n°v A¿l-X-s∏´

kt¥m-jm-hÿ e`n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂ t_m≤yhpw, AXn¬

Ah¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn B\-µn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

kz¿§-Øn-se-Øm≥ \ap°v Fs¥ms° Bh-iy-amtWm

AXv G‰hpw IqSp-X-embn e`n-°p-∂Xv ItØm-en°mk -bn-

eqsSbmWv F∂v acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CSp-ßnb Nn¥m-K-

Xn-Iƒ sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂ H‰-s∏´ Nne k -Iƒ ZpjvSX \nd-

™-Xpw, sX‰p-Ifpw Xn∑-Ifpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv.

AXn¬s∏- -hsc tamNn-∏n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw Ah¿

Iqń-t®¿Øp.

ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv [mcmfw sshZo-Isc I≠-Xmbn

acnb ]dbp∂p. hn. Ip¿_m-\-tbmSv BZ-chpw _lp-am-\hpw

]Z¿in-∏n-°m-Ø-h-cmWv Ch¿. ]m¿∞-\-°p-dhp aqew

hnizmkw £bn-®-Xp-aq-e-amWv Ch¿ ChnsS FØn-b-Xv. F∂m¬

At\Iw sshZo-I¿ t\sc kz¿§-Øn-te°v t]mb-Xmbpw acnb

]d-bp-∂p. Cutim A`n-e-jn°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ Hcp sshZo-I≥

FØn-t®-c-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t\mSv hfsc IqSp-

X¬ ]m¿∞n°p∂-hcpw, P]-ame Znh-khpw sNm√p-∂-h-cp-am-

bn-cn-°-Ww.

Ipń-Iƒ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv D≈-Xmbpw Ah-cpsS

ip≤o-I-cWw AX-b-[nIw ssZ¿Lyhpw thZ-\bpw C√m-Ø-Xp-

am-sW∂v ]-d-bp-∂p. CXn\p ImcWw Ah¿ Btem-N-\-°p-d-hp-

≈-h-cm-bXp sIm≠m-Wv. Hcn-°¬ acn-bsb \mep hb- p≈

Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv kµ¿in-®p. Cc- -s]Ïp- n-I-fn¬ Cf-

b- Ip- n-bm-bn-cp∂p Ahƒ. c≠p-t]¿°pw Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-

Xm-°ƒ Hmtcm ]mh InkvXp-a- n\v kΩm-\-ambn \¬In-bn-cp-

∂p. Cfb Ipń-bpsS ]mh s]mń-t∏m-b-t∏mƒ aqØ-hƒ Adn-

bmsX A-h-fpsS ]mh-bpsS ÿeØv s]mń-t∏mb ]mh FSp-

Øp-sh-®p. \√ ]mh Ahƒ FSp-Øp. aqØ-Ip- n°v CXv hf-sc-

b-[nIw hnjaw D≠m-°p-sa∂v hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°n-

s°m≠p Xs∂-bmWv Ahƒ Aßs\ sNbvX-Xv. CXv A\o-

Xnbpw tamj-W-hp-am-sW∂pw Ahƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn

]d-™p. t_m[-]q¿∆w sNbvX Cu ]hrØn aqe-amWv Ahƒ

ip≤o-I-cWw A\p- -hn-t°≠n h∂-Xv. teme-amb a\x-km-£n-

- 47 - - 48 -

bpsS DS-a-I-fmWv Ipń-Iƒ F¶n¬t]mepw I≈-Øcw ImWn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw, AØcw sX‰mb Nn¥-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿

t]mcmSn ]n∑m-td-≠-Xm-Wv. CXn-\mbn amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ah-cpsS

Ipń-I-fpsS a\x-km-£nsb \√-coXn-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ klm-

bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \√ amXrI ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw, ]m¿∞\

hgn-bmbpw CXp km[n-°pw. Ipń-Isf A\p-K-ln-°p-Ibpw,

ssZhhgn-Iƒ Ahsc A`y-kn∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.

kzh¿§-t`m-Kn-Iƒ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hf-sc-b-[nIw

IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn acnb ]d-bp-∂p. ImcWw CXv Xn∑-bn¬ \n∂p-

am-Wt√m IS∂p hcp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°p-th≠n IqSp-X-embn ]m¿∞n-

°p-I. Xn∑-s°-Xnsc ]S-s]m-cp-Xp∂ anJm-tb¬ amem-J-tbmSv

CXn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn-bm-\p≈ i‡n e`n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ IqSp-

X¬ ]m¿∞nt°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXp t]mse Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ

ab-°p-a-cp-∂n\v ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂ Bflm-°-sfbpw ip≤o-I-c-W-

ÿ-eØp I≠-Xmbn acnb ]d-bp-∂p.

ssZhsØ F\n°v Bh-iy-an√ F∂ Nn¥ Hcp hy‡n-

bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ h∂p Ign-bp-tºmƒ Bflmhv \mi-Øn-te-

°m-bn-cn°pw \oßp-∂-Xv. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ \nXy-\-c-I-Øn-te-°m-

bn-cn°pw bmX -sNøp-∂-Xv. ssZhw Bscbpw \c-I-Øn-te°v

X≈n hnSm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n√, adn®v Xs‚ IcpW kzoI-cn-°p-

hm-\mWv BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-Xn-cmb ]m]-ßƒ

sNøp-tºmƒ ]q¿Æ Adn-thmsS \mw ssZh-I-cp-Wsb \nc- n-

°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ \jvS-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km≤y-X-bp≈

Bflm-°ƒ°p th≠n \mw ]tXyIw ]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xm-bp-≠v.

CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp A\p- hw acnb hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ acnb Hcp sSbn≥ bmX-bn¬ Hcmsf ]cn-N-b-

s∏´p. ssZh-sØ-bpw, k -sb-bpw, sshZo-I-sc-bp-sams° Zpjn®v

Cbmƒ kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. CXn\v \nßƒ°v A[n-Im-c-

an-s√-∂pw, sX‰m-sW∂pw acnb ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. sdbn¬th

tÃj-\n¬ Cd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Cu hy‡n-bpsS Bflmhv \in®p

t]mI-cptX F∂v acnb ]m¿∞n-®p. h¿j-ßƒ°p tijw Ct±-

l-Øns‚ Bflmhv acn-b°v Z¿i\w \¬In Cßs\ ]d™p.

Xm≥ \c-I-Øn\v hf-sc-b-SpØv FØn-bn-cp-s∂-∂pw, \nß-fpsS

B sNdnb ]m¿∞\ aqe-amWv c£-s∏ v ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv

FØn-b-sX∂pw Adn-bn-®p. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \∑-°p-th≠n Hcp

sNdnb Nn¥tbm, lrZ-b-Øn¬ Hcp BK-ltam, Hcp sNdnb

]m¿∞-\tbm, \c-I-Øn¬ ]Xn-°m≥ km≤y-X-bp-≈-hsc klm-

bn-°p-sa∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw Kln-°m-a-t√m. acWka-bØv

ssZhsØ th≠ F∂p ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ B hy‡n°v Ch

klm-b-I-am-Ipw. Hcn-°¬ acn-b-tbmSv Xm≥ Hcn-°epw kz¿§-

Øn¬ t]mIp-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n√ F∂v Hcmƒ ]d-™p.

ssZhw A\oXn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂h-\mWv F∂p≈-XmWv AXns‚

Imc-W-ambn Abmƒ ]d-™Xv. AXn-\m¬ ac-Wm-¥cw Xm≥

Hcn-°epw ssZhsØ ImWp-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n-s√∂pw Hcp

tImSmen D]-tbm-Kn®v ssZhsØ sIm√p-hm-\mWv Xs‚ BK-

l-sa∂pw Abmƒ ]d-™p. F√m-h¿°pw C—m-i-‡nbpw hnth-

N-\-Øn-\p≈ Ignhpw ssZhw \¬In-bn- p-≠v. CXv ]q¿Æ kzmX-

¥y-tØmSp IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\mWv ssZhw BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

CXn¬ Hcn-°epw ssZhw CS-s]-Sm-dn-√. ]m]m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Pohn-

®n-cp∂ Bfn\v ac-W-k-a-bØp t]mepw am\-km-¥-c-Øn\v ssZhw

Ah-k-chpw Ir]bpw \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. Bflm¿∞-ambn At∏mƒ

£a-°p-th≠n bmNn-°p-tºmƒ hy‡n c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. [\-

hm≥ ssZh-cm-Py-Øn¬ IS-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp _p≤n-ap- p-an-√. \∑-

]-hr-Øn-Ifpw HuZm-cy-]-hrØnIfpw BXp-c-tk-h-\hpw hgn-

bmbn bYm¿∞ kvt\lw ]cn-io-en-°p-∂Xp hgn ]mh-s∏- -

hsc t]mse Ah¿°pw kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cmw.

- 49 - - 50 -

HuPm t_m¿Up-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®pw AXp t]mse-bp≈

a‰p am¿§-ßfn¬ IqSn acn® Bflm-°sf hnfn®p hcp-Øp-∂Xv

sX‰m-Wv. CXv ss]im-Nn-I-am-Wv. AXn¬ IqSn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv

]nim-Nm-Wv. adn®v \Ωƒ £Wn-°msX Xs∂ Bflm-°ƒ \sΩ

kao-]n-®m¬ Ahsc \n›-b-ambpw ]m¿∞-\-bneqsS \mw klm-

bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse acn-®-h¿°pth≠n Ah¿ Bh-

iy-s∏- n-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw \mw ]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

ssZhw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬

kmØm\pw ]h¿Øn-°pw. AXv Ah≥ A\p-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

i_vZ-Øn-eq-sSbpw acn-®-h¿ Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp-

sa√mw Ah\v A\p-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. kuJy-ßƒ t]mepw

Ah≥ \¬Im-dp-≠v. ]s£ AXv \ne-\n¬°p-I-bn√ F∂p amXw.

Hcn-°¬ acn-b-bpsS ]°¬ Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv F∂-Xp-

t]mse Hcp Bflmhv h∂v Cßs\ ]d-™p. “Fs‚ ]n∂mse

Hcp Bflmhv hcpw AXns\ kzoI-cn-°p-I-tbm, ]d-bp-∂Xv A\p-

k-cn-°p-Itbm sNø-cpXv. AXv ]d-bp-∂Xv A\p-k-cn-®m¬ \o

hfsc IqSp-X¬ kln-t°-≠-Xmbn hcpw. \n\°v AXp Xmßm≥

km[n-°p-I-bn√”. CXv Hcp ZpjvSm-cq-]n-bm-sW∂v kwibw

tXm∂nb acnb \o ZpjvSm-cq-]n-bm-sW-¶n¬ hn v t]mIpI F∂v

B⁄m-]n®p. s]s´∂v Hcp henb Ic-®n-temsS B ZpjvSm-

cq]n ÿew hn´p. Aev]w Ign-™-t∏mƒ Xs‚ klmbw

bYm¿∞-ambn Bh-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv

hcn-Ibpw th≠ klmbw sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ZpjvSm-cq-]n-

Isf B´n-∏m-bn-°m≥ hnip-≤-Pew hfsc e-]-Z-am-Wv F∂v

Ah¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

acnb P¿a-\n-bn-epw, HmkvSn-b-bnepw amX-a√ bqtdm-∏n¬

apgp-h\pw ]kn-≤-bmWv. ]e Bflm-°fpw Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n v

Ah¿ sX‰mb coXn-bn¬ kºm-Zn-®n- p≈ hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ XncnsI

\¬Im\pw B hnhcw Ah-cpsS _‘p-°sf Adn-bn-°m\pw

A`y¿∞n-°m-dp-≠v. CØcw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ acnb \¬Ip-

tºmƒ Ahn-sS-bp≈ Bfp-Iƒ°v Ah-fpsS Akm-[m-c-W-amb

Cu kn≤n-bn¬ t_m≤yw e`n-°p-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw acnb Adn-bm-

Ø-Xmb Zqc-ÿeßfn-ƒ t]mbn X\n°v A]-cn-Nn-X-cm-b-hsc

I≠v, Bflmhv Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn kºm-Zn®

hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ, ]Ww apX-em-bh AXns‚ bYm¿∞ DS-abv°v

aS-°n-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\mbn Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Xm≥ A\-[n-

Ir-X-ambn kºm-Zn® hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ aS°n \¬Ip-∂Xp hgn-bmbn

ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øp\n∂v X\n°v tamN\w e`n-°p-sa∂v Ah¿

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ÿe-am-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ hnkvXo¿Æw, ]W-

am-sW-¶n¬ IrXy-amb XpI Ch-sb√mw hfsc ]cn-Nn-X-sb-∂Xp

t]mse acnb Ah¿°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°m-dp-≠v. CXpaqew acnb

AhnsS hfsc ]kn-≤-bm-Wv.

acn-b-bpsS Cu ]tXyI kn≤n-sbbpw Ahƒ°p e`n®

Z¿i-\-ß-tfbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-tfbpw Ah-fpsS _nj∏v

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w Ah-fpsS CS-hI hnIm-

cnbpw CXns\ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\v ][m\ ImcWw ssZh-

im-kvX-]-c-ambn CXn¬ sX‰p-Iƒ H∂pw C√m-Ø-Xp-aq-e-amWv.

X\n°v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°-sf-°p-dn®v hf-sc-b-[nIw Adn-hp-Ifpw

t_m≤y-ßfpw e`n-®-Xn-\m¬ Xm≥ sNøp∂ Hcp sNdnb sX‰p-

t]mepw hfsc Kpcp-X-c-ambncn°pw F∂v acnb ]d-bp-∂p. Xm≥

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-b-ßƒ

]m¿∞-\--I-fn-eq-sSbpw kl-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw sNøm-dp-s≠-¶nepw

X\n°pw ip≤o-I-c-W-ap-≠m-Ipw. F¶nepw Xm≥ klm-bn® Bflm-

°ƒ \nXy-X-bn-se-Øm≥ Xs∂ klm-bn-°p-sa∂v acnb

hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

- 51 - - 52 -

Xs‚ ]q¿∆-Ime Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v acnb Cßs\

]dbp∂p. aT-Øn¬ tNcm≥ Xm≥ BK-ln-®ncp-∂p. sNdp-∏-Im-

e-Øp-Xs∂ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°-sf-°p-dn®v [mcmfw a\ nem-

°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v. A\m-tcm-Ky-amWv aT-Øn¬ tNcm≥

XS am-b-Xv. CXp-aqew hf-sc-b-[nIw hnj-a-ap-≠mbn. ip≤o-

I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n Xs‚ PohnXw am‰n-sh-°p-hm-\mbn

ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp-Øp. hońse F´p-a-°-fn¬ Hcp-h-

fm-bn-cp∂ acnb sNdp-∏-Im-eØv Irjn-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ tPmen-

sN-bvXn-cp-∂p. Ccp-]-Øn-b©v hb- p-ap-X¬ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-

°ƒ kµ¿in-°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw Ah¿°p-th≠n PohnXw

am‰n-sh-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2004, am¿®v amkw, ip≤o-I-c-Wm-

flm-°sf kvt\ln® acnb Cu temI-Øn¬ \n∂pw bmX-bm-

bn.

33333hnip² uÌo-\mbpw

ip²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡fpw

]cn-ip≤ tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ hnip-≤-bm°n

]Jym-]n® hn. uÃo\m Xs‚ Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏n-eqsS ip≤o-I-c-

Wm-flm-°-sf-°p-dn®v [mcmfw Imcy-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-

≠v.

Hcn-°¬ knÃ¿ ûÃo-\mbv°v Xm≥ B¿s°ms°

th≠n ]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v a\- n-em°n Xcm-sa∂v Cutim

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. B cmXn Xs‚ Imh¬amemJ h∂v Xs∂

A\p-K-an-°p-hm≥ ûÃo-\-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. \nan-j-

ßƒ°Iw A·n\nd™ Hcp ÿeØv ZpcnXw A\p- hn-°p∂

henb Hcp Bflm-°-fpsS Iq´sØ X\n°v ImWn-®p-sIm-SpØp.

ûÃo\m Ah-cpsS Zpcn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®v tNmZn-®p a\- n-em-°n.

ssZhsØ ImWp-hm\pw ]m]n-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Ah-cpsS BKlw

]q¿Øn-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-XmWv G‰hpw henb thZ-\-bmbn Ah¿

]d-™-Xv. ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-sb-¶n¬ amXsa CXp km[n-

°p-I-bp-≈p. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv ]cnip-≤-I-\y-I-a-dn-bsØ

I≠-Xmbn uÃo\ shfn-∏-Sp-Øn. ‘kap-Z-Xmcw’ F∂mWv Ch¿

]cn-ip≤ AΩsb hnfn-°p-∂Xv. Ahƒ AhnsS h∂v Bflm-

°sf Dt∑j-cm-°p-∂p. A[nI kabw AhnsS \n¬°m≥

Xs‚ Imh¬am-emJ A\p-h-Zn-°m-™-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ AhnsS

\n∂pw thKw aS-ßn. Cu A\p- hw Ch¿°p-th≠n IqSp-X¬

]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ X\n°v t_m≤yw \¬In-b-Xmbn uÃo\ ]d-

bp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ ûÃo-\msb s\hn-tjy-‰mbn Imt°mhv F∂

ÿe-tØ°v Ab-®p. Ahn-sS-sb-Øn-b-t∏mƒ knÃ¿ sl≥Sn

acn-°m-dmbn InS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ipd®p Znhkw Ign-™-t∏mƒ

Ah-fpsS Bflmhv Xs‚ ASp-°¬ FØn. Ah-fpsS aZ¿

hgnbmbn Ipº-km-c-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ sshZo-I-t\mSv Hcp hnip≤

Ip¿∫m-\bpw a‰p ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw X\n-°p-th≠n A¿∏n-°-W-

sa∂v uÃo-\sb ]d™v Gev]n-®p. uÃo\m CXp kΩ-Xn-

s®-¶nepw CXns‚ bmYm¿∞y-sØ-∏‰n kwibw tXm∂n-b-Xn-

\m¬ aZ-dn-t\mSv ]d-™n-√. ASpØ cmXn-bnepw Cu Bflmhv

h∂v CtX Bhiyw D∂-bn-®p. XpS¿∂v aZdn-s\-I≠v hnjbw

[cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw th≠Xv sNøm-sa∂v aZ¿ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. At∏mƒ uÃo-\m-bpsS a\- n¬ hfsc kam-[m\w

A\p- -h-s∏- p. aq∂mw Znhkw CtX Bflmhv ho≠pw Z¿i\w

\¬In-bn v ûÃo\m sNbvX k¬]-hr-Øn°v ssZhw ]Xn-

êw \¬I-s -sb∂v Biw-kn®p aS-ßn.

- 53 - - 54 -

as‰mcp kw`hw ûÃo\ ]d-bp-∂Xv C]-Im-c-amWv. Hcp

Znhkw uÃo\m ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v B\-bn-°-s∏- p. ]©-

£-X-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cutimsb AhnsS I≠p. At∏mƒ Xs‚

Bflm-hns‚ Ahÿ ]q¿Æ-ambn X\n°v shfn-hm-°-s∏-´p.

ssZhw shdp-°p∂ F√m-Im-cy-ßfpw X\n°v a\- n-em-bn. Hcp

sNdnb sX‰n-\p-t]mepw IW°v sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-bp-≠v F∂v

X\n°v t_m≤yw e`n®p. \o Bcm-sW∂v Cutim Ah-tfmSv tNmZn-

®-t∏mƒ Xm≥ Ahn-SpsØ Zmkn-bm-sW∂v Ahƒ adp-]Sn \¬In.

Xm≥ Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bn¬ InS-t°-≠-Xmbn

hcp-sa∂v Cutim Adn-bn-®p. Ahƒ AXn\v Xøm-dm-b-t∏mƒ

Cutim Ahsf XS-™p-sIm≠v Cßs\ ]d-™p. ip≤o-I-c-W-

ÿ-eØv Hcp Znhkw As√-¶n¬ qan-bn¬ Ipd®p kabw, CXn¬

GXmWv \o BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv? c≠n-SØpw kln-°m≥ kΩ-

XamsW∂v ûÃo\m adp-]Sn \¬In. \o Hcn-S-Øp-k-ln-®m¬

aXn-sb∂pw AXp `qan-bn¬ Xs∂ B°n-Øcm-sa∂pw Cutim

kΩ-Xn-®-Xmbn ûÃo\m Xs‚ Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cn°p∂p.

1934˛ ¬ Xm≥ ]s¶-SpØ Hcp [ym\-Øn¬ Cutim

[mcmfw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ uÃo-\bv°v \¬In. Nne ka-b-

ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ kz`mhw X\n-°p-≈-Xmbn

ûÃo\m ]d-™p. H∂p c≠v hm°p-Iƒ sIm≠v AXv ]q¿Øn-

I-cn-°m-sa-¶nepw Xm≥ IqSp-X¬ kabw CXn-\p-th≠n Nne-h-

gn°mdp≠v. Cßs\ ]mgm-°p∂ ka-b-ß-fn¬ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-

°-fpsS hnSp-X-en-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ sNm√p-hm≥

Cutim Xt∂mSv Bh-iy-s∏- -Xmbn Ahƒ shfns∏SpØn. \ymb-

hn-[n-bpsS ka-bØv Hmtcm hm°pw Xq°n-t\m-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v

Cutim Ahƒ°v Adnhp \¬In.

`qan-bn¬ sh®v \ap°v e`n-°p∂ G‰hpw hne-s∏´ \n[n-

bmWv kl-\-ßƒ. CXn-eqsS \ΩpsS Bflmhv ip≤o-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw amXta `qan-bn¬ sh®v \ap°v A\p-

hZn-°-s∏´ kl-\-ß-fpsS aqeyw a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-

bp-≈p. Ct∏mƒ `qan-bn¬ e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ Cu Ah-k-c-ßsf

D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

Hcn-°¬ Nm∏-en¬ Bcm-[-\-bn-en-cp∂psIm≠v Hcp ip≤o-

I-c-Wm-flm-hn-\p-th≠n uÃo\m ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Nne

ka-bØv \mw GXv Bflm-hn-\p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂pthm

Ah¿°p th≠n AXp kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns\

a‰p Nne¿°p-th≠n ssZhw Xncn-®p-hn-Sp∂Xmbpw X\n°p

a\ nem°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. \mw Dt±-in-°p-∂-hsc IqSmsX

a‰p≈ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th-≠nbpw \ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\sb ssZhw

D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xmbn CXn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ acn® Hcp k\y-ÿ-bpsS Bflmhv Xs‚ ASp-

°¬ h∂v Hcp Znhkw X\n-°p-th≠n D]-h-kn-°p-Ibpw

]m¿∞n-°pIbpw sNø-W-sa∂v ûÃo-\-tbmSv At]-£n-

®p.A]-Imcw sNbvX uÃo-\bv°v A\p -h-Øn-eqsS Bflmhv

A\p -hn-°p∂ thZ\ a\- n-em-bn. ssZhsØ ]m]n-°p-hm\p≈

Bflm-hns‚ Bg-amb Zmlhpw X∂n¬ H∂m-Ip-hm-\p≈ BK-

lhpw uÃo-\mbv°v hy‡-am-bn. Ipd®p ka-b-tØ°p amXta

Cu A\p -hw \o≠p-\n-∂p-≈psh¶nepw ip≤oI-c-Wm-flm-°-fpsS

Xoh-amb CØcw BK-l-sØ-°p-dn®v X\n°v hfsc IqSp-X¬

a\- n-em-°p--hm≥ km[n-®p.

\ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°p-th≠n ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ

FX-b-[nIw BK-ln-°p∂p F∂Xnte°v shfn®w hoip∂

as‰m-c-\p- hw uÃo\ Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. knÃ¿ sUma-

\n°v cmXn Hcp aWn°v acn-®p. Ah-fpsS Bflmhv Xs∂-

bmWv Cu hnhcw uÃo-\msb Adnbn®Xv. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-

- 55 - - 56 -

eØmWv Bflmhv F∂p a\- nem°nb uÃo-\, knÃ-dn-\p-

th≠n IqSp-X¬ ]m¿∞n-®p. Ah-cpsS \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v aq∂p

Zn-h-k-Øn\p ]Icw c≠p Znhkw amXta ]m¿∞n-®p-≈p. \memw

Znhkw Bflmhv ûÃo-\msb kµ¿in-®n v X\n°v C\nbpw

]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂pw A]-Imcw sNø-W-sa∂pw

A`y¿∞n-®p. AXn-\m¬ knÃdns‚ Bflm-hn-\p-th≠n IqSp-

X¬ Znh-k-ßƒ ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ Xøm-dm-b-Xmbn uÃo\

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Hcp Znhkw Hcp kvXobpsS Bflmhv cmXn-bn¬ Xs∂

kµ¿in®n v ]m¿∞\ klmbw Bh-iy-s∏- p. Ipd®p kabw

Ahƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-s®-¶nepw Bflmhv AhnSw hn v t]mbn-

√. At∏mƒ ûÃo\m a\- n¬ Cßs\ Nn¥n-®p, “\o Hcp

\√ Bflm-hm-sW-¶n¬ Fs∂ kzÿ-ambn hnSp-I. Rm≥ \msf

t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p∂ Zfihntam-N-\-ßƒ F√mw \n\-°p-th-≠n-bm-

bn-cn-°pw”. s]s´∂v Ah-fpsS Bflmhv aS-ßn-t]m-bn.

ûÃo-\mbv°v Cutim t\cn´p ]Tn-∏n®p sImSpØ ]m¿∞-

\-Ifmb Icp-W-sIm-¥bpw, Icp-W-bpsS s\mth-\bpw hfsc

]kn-≤-am-W-t√m. ac-W-k-a-bØv Hcp hy‡n-°p-th≠n Icp-W-

sIm¥ sNm√p-∂Xv FX-b-[nIw ]tbm-P\w sNøp-sa∂v At\I

A\p- hßfn-eqsS uÃo\m hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v.

Hcn-°¬ Cutim ac-Wm-h-ÿ-bn-embn-cn-°p-∂-h¿°p-th≠n

Icp-W-sIm¥ sNm√p-hm≥ ûkv-‰o-\-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p.

s]s´∂v Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS X\n°v A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp sNdnb

hoń¬ Hcp ]mb-amb a\p-jy≥ acn-°m≥ InS-°p-∂-Xmbn I≠p.

B hy‡n-bpsS Bflmhv At∏mƒ hfscb[nIw ]oV-Iƒ

kln-°p-∂p≠mbncp-∂p. Abm-fpsS InS-°-bv°-cnsI IpSpw-_mw-

K-ß-tfm-sSm∏w At\Iw ZpjvSm-cq]nIfpw \n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. Xm≥ Icp-W-sIm¥ sNm√p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ ZpjvSm-cq-

]n-Iƒ Xs∂ oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm≠v HmSnt∏mhp-Ibpw Abm-

fpsS Bflmhv im¥-ambn kam-[m-\-Øn¬ acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Hcp Znhkw Hcp hy‡n°v kpJ-a-cWw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n ûÃo\m ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-gvN-bmbn

Ahƒ ac-W-In-S-°-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Ahƒ°p-th≠n ssZh-tØmSv

Xm≥ Cßs\ ]m¿∞n-®p. “Aß-bpsS al-Xz-Øn-\mbn Rm≥

sNøp∂ tPmen-Iƒ Aßsb ]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ps≠¶n¬ Ah-

fpsS Bflm-hns\ aS°n hnfn-°p-I. Ahƒ Aß-bpsS Icp-W-

bn¬ hni-an-°s´”. Cutim Cu ]m¿∞\ A\p-h-Zn-®p. Ipd®p

kabw Ign-™-t∏mƒ Ahƒ acn-®-Xmbn Ahn-sS-\n∂pw Adn-

hp-In- n.

Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c≥ ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ InS∂v Bflm-hn¬

hf-scb[nIw thZ-\-Iƒ kln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ, Icp-W-

sIm¥ sNm√n ûÃo\, At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n ]m¿∞n®p.

F¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]oV-Iƒ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. At±-

l-Øn\v hfsc IqSp-X¬ ]m¿∞-\bpw, tbip-hns‚ Icp-Wbpw

Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂p a\- n-em-°nb ûÃo\ Xs‚ apdn-bn¬

t]mbn Xd-bn¬ Iagv∂v InS∂v Icp-W-°mbn ]m¿∞n-®p. s]s´∂v

ssZh-Øns‚ henb cmP-Iob ]uVn-bpw, \oXnbpw Xm≥ A\p-

-hn-®dn-™p. henb b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Xm≥ ho≠pw Icp-W-bv°p-

th≠n ]m¿∞n-®p. Xs‚ hrX-hm-KvZm\w sNbvX ka-bØp e n®

Ipcnipcq]w FSpØv acn-°m≥ InS∂ Bfns‚ s\©n¬ h®v

C]-Imcw ]m¿∞n-®p. “Rm≥ hrX-hm-KvZm\w sNbvX ka-bØv

Aßv Fs∂ kvt\l-tØm-Sp-IqSn Z¿in-®p-h-t√m. AtX Af-hn-

ep≈ kvt\l-Øn¬ Cu hy‡n-bpsS Bflm-hn-s\bpw Z¿in-

t°-W-ta. acW ka-bØv Aß-bpsS Icp-W-bn¬ Bi-bn-

®m¬ sNmcn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Icp-W-bpsS Af-hn-s\-bpw, Ft∂mSp

- 57 - - 58 -

shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb hmKvZm-\-Øns‚ i‡n-bnepw hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠v

acWw ImØp-In-S-°p∂ Bflm-hns‚ ta¬ IcpW ImWn°-

Wta”. s]s´∂v At±-l-Øns‚ ]oV-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw

kam-[m-\-Øn¬ acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ac-W-k-a-bØv Icp-Wbv-

°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]m[m-\yhpw, Cutim-bpsS

IcpW th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw

CXn¬ \n∂pw t_m≤y-am-Ip-a-t√m. Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmgpw acWka-

bØpw ssZh-Øns‚ IcpW Hcp hy‡n°v hf-sc-b-[nIw Bh-

iy-am-Wv. Icp-W-sIm¥ ssZh-tIm-]sØ ian-∏n-°m≥ th≠n-

bp≈ G‰-hpw \√ Hcp ]m¿∞-\-bm-sW∂v uÃo\ shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂p. ssZhw uÃo-\mbv°v Cßs\ ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. “ac-W-k-a -bØv Bscms° Icp -W-sIm¥ sNm√p -∂pthm

Ah¿s°√mw Fs‚ kwc-£Ww D≠mIpw. acn-°m≥ InS-°p∂

hy‡n-°p-th≠n a‰p-≈-h¿ Icp-W-sIm¥ sNm√n-bm¬ t]mepw

ssZhw Ah-tcmSv £an-°pw. ac-W-In-S-°-bv°-cnsI CXv sNm√p-

tºmƒ ssZh-tIm]w ian-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Fs‚ Bg-amb IcpW

Bflm-hns\ hebw sNøp-Ibpw sNøpw. CXv Fs‚ ]pXs‚

AXn-Zm-cp-W-amb ]oVm-k-l-\sØ ]Xn-bmWv”.

Icp-W-bpsS s\mth-\-bpsS F´m-asØ \ntbmKw ip≤o-I-c-

Wm-flm-°ƒ°pth≠n amX-ambn am‰n-h-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu

s\mth\ ZqxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN B-cw- n®v ]pXp-Rm-b-dmgvN Ah-km-

\n-°p-∂p. ]pXp-Rm-b-dmgvN ssZh-I-cp-W-bpsS Xncp-\m-fmbn ]cn-

ip≤ tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ ]Jym-]n-®n- p-≠-t√m.

ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØbpw Bflm-°-sfbpw Ipdn®v shfn-s∏-

Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \¬Inb Cutim Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS \c-Ihpw

ûÃo-\bv°v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xmbn Xs‚ Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ‘Unssh≥ tagvkn C≥ ssa tkmƒ’ F∂

Cw•ojv KŸ-Ønse (Book II)¬ 159 apX¬ 162 hsc-bp≈ t]Pp-

I-fpsS bYm¿∞ X¿÷n-a-bn-eqsS Xmsg CXv hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

“Hcp Znhkw Fs∂ Hcp amemJ \c-I-Øns‚ D≈d-I-fn-

te°v Iqń-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. ITn-\-amb thZ-\-I-fp-tSbpw Zfi-\-

ß-fp-sSbpw Hcp ÿe-am-bn-cp-∂p AXv. H∏w AXv hfsc bm-\-

I-hpw, hnkvXr-X-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. H∂m-a-Xmbn ssZhsØ Xo¿Øpw

\jvS-s∏´ Hcp Ahÿ Bflmhv AhnsS A\p- -hn-°p-∂p. c≠m-

a-Xmbn Ahn-sS-bp≈ Bflm-°-fpsS a\x-km-£n-bn¬ Hcn-°epw

Ah-km-\n-°mØ at\m-th-Z\ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. Bflm-hns‚

CØcw Ah-ÿbv°v Hcp am‰hpw D≠m-Ip-∂n√ F∂p-≈-XmWv

aq∂m-a-Xm-bp-≈-Xv. \mem-a-Xmbn Bfl-mhns\ C√m-Xm-°msXXs∂

AXns‚ D≈n-te°v A·n Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ A\p- -hw, AXm-bXv

`bm-\-Ihpw oI-c-hp-amb t¢ihpw thZ-\bpw. AXn\v ImcWw

AXv ssZh-tIm-]-Øm¬ IØ-s∏´ XnI®pw Bflo-b-amb A·n

Bb-Xn-\m-em-Wv. A©m-asØ Zfi\w A\-kyq-X-amb (Xp-S¿®-

bm-bp-≈) A‘-Im-chpw ITn-\-amb izmkw apń-°p∂ Zp¿K-

‘hpw. AhnsS A‘-Im-c-am-sW-¶nepw ]nim-Np-°fpw i]n-°-

s∏- -hcpw Ip‰w Npa-Ø-s∏- -h-cp-amb Bflm-°ƒ°pw XΩn¬

ØΩn¬ ImWp-hm≥ km[n°pw F∂p≈XmWv Ahn-SpsØ

]tXy-I-X. Ah¿ Ah-cpsS Xs∂bpw, Ahn-sS-bp≈ a‰p≈hcp-

sSbpw ZpjvS-X-Ifpw Xn∑-Ifpw ]m]-ßfpw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

∂p. Bdm-asØ Zfi\w kmØm-\p-am-bp≈ Ah-cpsS \nXy-am-

bp≈ kl-hm-k-am-Wv. ss\cm-iyw, ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ shdp-∏v, \oN-

amb hm°p-Iƒ, ssZh-\n-µ, im]-hm-°p-Iƒ XpS-ßnb Ah-ÿ-

I-fn-eqsS Bflmhv IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Ggm-asØ Zfi\w Ahn-

sS-bp≈ F√m Bflm-°fpw ta¬ hnh-cn® Ah-ÿ-I-fn-eqsS

IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p F∂p amX-a√, Cu Ahÿ Hcn-°epw Ah-

km-\n-°p-∂n-√ F∂p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. CXn¬ ]tXy-I-ambn Xnc-s™-

Sp-°-s∏´ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ]tXy-I-amb Zfi-\-ßƒ Xocp-

am-\n-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. ]t©-µn-b-ß-fpsS ]oV-Ifpw, thZ-\-Ifpw

- 59 - - 60 -

CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. GXp-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ ]m]-]-hr-Øn-I-fmtWm

sNbvXXv AXn\ptbmPn® hn[-Øn¬ Hmtcm Bflmhpw oI-cX

\nd-™Xpw hnh-cn-°m≥ ]‰mØ hn[-Øn-ep≈ kl-\-ß-fn-eq-

sSbpw ]oV-I-fn-eq-sSbpw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈

Zfi-\-ßfpw, ]oV-\-ßfpw \nd™ henb Kpl-Ifpw, Ipgn-

Ifpw AhnsS I≠p. Ah Hmtcm-∂n-ep-ap≈ XohthZ-\-Iƒ

H∂n¬ \n∂pw as‰m-∂n-t\-°mƒ hyXy-ÿ-am-Wv. k¿∆-i-‡-\mb

ssZh-Øns‚ k¿∆-i-‡nbpw Fs∂ Xmßn-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Cu

]oVm-k-l-\-ß-fpsS ImgvN-Iƒ Hcp t\m°p-I-≠-t∏mƒ Xs∂

Rm≥ acn®p t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ Cµo-b-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®p

sNbvXn- p≈ ]m]-ßƒ°v ChnsS FØn-t®-cp∂ Hcp ]m]n ac-

Wm-\¥-c-Po-hn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ Cu ]oV-Iƒ kln-t°-≠n-h-

cp -sa∂v a\- n -em -°n -bn -cn -°-s´. ssZhw B⁄m-]n -

®XpsIm≠mWv Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ I≠sXms° Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. CXp-

aqew \cIw Fs∂mcp ÿe-an√ F∂p ]d™v Hcm-flm-hn\pw

Hgn-™p-am-dp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. As√-¶n¬ AhnsS Bcpw

t]mbn- n-s√-t∂m, AXn-\m¬ AXv F]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-

bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-s√-t∂m, Fs∂ms° Bcpw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-

°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv.

knÃ¿ ^uÃo-\-bmb Rm≥, ssZhw Iev]n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v

\c-I-Øns‚ AKm-[-X-Iƒ kµ¿in-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-Ibpw , Aß-

s\-sbmcp ÿew bYm¿∞Øn¬ Ds≠-∂pw, AtX-∏‰n Pohn-

®n-cn-°p∂ a\p-jym-flm-°-tfmSv ]d™p a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw IqSn-

bmWv C]-Imcw kw -hn-®-Xv. CXv Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ AtX-∏‰n ]d-

bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw Fgp-Xp-hm≥ ssZhw Ft∂mSv

B⁄m-]n-®p. CXp-aqew ]nim-Np-°ƒ Fs∂ hf-sc-b-[nIw

shdpsØ-¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄°v apºn¬ Ah¿°v

Fs∂ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p. Rm≥ bYm¿∞-ambn I≠

\c-I-Øns‚ Hcp aßnb \ng¬ amX-amWv ChnsS hnh-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. \c-Ihpw CØcw Ah-ÿ-Ifpw C√m-sb∂v hniz-kn-®n-

cp∂ Bflm-°-sf-bmWv hfsc IqSp-X-embn AhnsS ImWp-

hm≥ Ign-™sX∂v F\n°v a\- n-em-bn. Rm≥ aSßnsbØn-

b-t∏mƒ CsXms° I≠-Xp-aq-e-ap-≠mb oXn-bn¬ \n∂pw H´pw

Xs∂ hnap-‡-am-bn- n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Bflm-°ƒ FX-b-[nIw bm-

\-I-amb hn[-Øn¬ AhnsS (\-c-I-Øn¬) kln-°p-Ibpw,

t¢in-°p-Ibpw ]oVn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p!

Cu Z¿i\w I≠-Xns\ XpS¿∂v hfsc IqSp-X¬ Xo£v-W-

ambn ]m]n-I-fpsS am\-km-¥-c-Øn\p th≠n Rm≥ ]m¿∞n-

°m≥ XpS-ßn. Cu hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw

\c-Ihpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ th≠n-

am-X-amWv Cu mKw CXn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

44444ip-²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡sf kvt\ln¨

Fhp-]m-kn-b-½-bpw, adnbw tXkymbpw

hmgv¯-s¸« Fhp-]m-kn-b-½bpwip²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡fpw

ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyI A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Nne ip≤o-I-

c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn hmgvØ-s∏´ Fhp-

]m-kn-bΩ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. 1906, Unkw-_¿ amkw c≠pw,

aq∂pw Xoø-Xn-I-fn-embn Nne ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Xs∂

kµ¿in®p ]m¿∞\m klmbw bmNn-®p. ITn-\-amb thZ\

Xßƒ A\p- -hn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, ssZhsØ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-

bm-Ø-Xn-ep≈ ZpxJw Xßƒ°p kln-°m≥ ]‰p-∂n-s√∂pw

Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p.

- 61 - - 62 -

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-fpsS Hm¿Ω BN-cn-°p∂ \hw-_¿ amkw

[mcmfw Bflm-°ƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂-Xmbpw Ah¿°p-th≠n

Xm≥ \nc-¥cw ]m¿∞n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ ]d-bp-∂p.

]tXy-In®v Xm\p-am-tbm, aT-hp-amtbm _‘-s∏- h¿ acn®p Ign-bp-

tºmƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-°p-hm≥ ssZhw A\p-aXn \¬In-bn-cp-∂-

Xmbpw Ah¿ ]d-™p. Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω°v Dd-°-°p-d-hp-≈-Xn-\m¬

cmXn apgp-h≥ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n P]-ame sNm√n

ImgvN-sh-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v Xt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ a‰p

kntÃgvkpw ]d-bp-∂p.

Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-tbm-sSm∏w Hcp apdn-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp

knÃ¿ Xs‚ A\p- hw Cßs\ ]¶p-sh-°p-∂p. Xs‚ AΩ acn-®-

Xn\ptijw Hcp Znhkw Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-tbm-sSm∏w P]-ame sNm√n-

s°m-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ai-≤-tbmsS Xm≥ shfn-bn-te°v t\m°n-s°m-

≠n-cp-∂p. DSs\ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Xs∂ hnfn-®n v Xs‚ acn-®p-t]mb

AΩ, ]m¿∞\m klmbw bmNn-®p-sIm≠v AhnsS \n¬°p-∂-

Xmbn ]d™p. CXp a\- n-em-°nb knÃ¿ `‡ntbmSp-IqSn P]-

ame sNm√p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. CXp-t]mse Xs∂ H√q¿ aT-Øn-ep-

≠mbncp∂ knÃ¿ ssa°nƒ Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ ac-W-tijw

Fhp]mknb-Ω-tbm-sSm∏w P]-ame ]m¿∞-\°v IqSn-bn-´p-≠v.

sIm¥-bpsS Hcp clkyw sNm√n Ign-™-t∏mƒ Fhp-]m-knbΩ-

bn¬ Nne mh-t`Zßƒ knÃ-¿ ssa°nƒ i≤n-®p. P]-ame sNm√n

Xo¿∂-Xn-\p-tijw Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ t^mt´m ImWn®p sImSp-°p-

hm≥ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Bh-iy-s∏- p. ASpØ Znhkw Ch¿ c≠p

t]cpw tN¿∂v P]-ame sNm√n-b-t∏mƒ Xte∂v kw -hn-®-Xp-t]mse

Nne ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ h∂n-cp-∂p. A°q- -Øn¬ Xs‚ ]nXmhpw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn knÃ¿

ssa°nƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

1932-- ¬ Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-tbmSv ASp-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ip™∂

F∂ kvXo, acn®p t]mb Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-\p-th≠n ]m¿∞\m

klmbw tNmZn-®p. ]m¿∞n-®-Xn-\p-tijw, hn.-Ip¿∫m\ IqSmsX

Xs‚ IjvS-]m-Sp-Ifpw sNøp∂ tPmen-I-fp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚

Bflm-hn-\p-th≠n ImgvN-sh-°p-hm≥ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Bhiys∏´p.

A]-Imcw sNbvX Ip™∂ Ipd®p Ime-Øn-\p-tijw Fhp-]m-

kn-b-Ω-tbmSv Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ AhvkY-sb-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-®-

t∏mƒ adp-]S-n H∂pw ]d-bmsX H∂p aµ-lkn°pI amXw sNbvXp.

CXv Xs‚ ]nXmhv \nXy-X-bn-seØn F∂p≈Xns‚ kqN\ Bbn-

cp∂psh∂v Ahƒ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn.

Hcn-°¬ knÃ¿ sa‰n¬Um acn-®p-t]mb Xs‚ hey-∏s‚ aI≥

At¥m-Wn-°p-th≠n ]m¿∞\m klmbw A`y¿∞n-®p. At±-l-

Øns‚ Bflm-hn\v F¥p kw`hn®p F∂v Adn-bp-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p

knÃ-dns‚ BK-lw. c≠p-t]cpw tN¿∂v ]≈n-bn-en-cp∂v Cu

hnjbw P]-am-e-bn¬ ka¿∏n®v ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Ipd®p

Ign-™-t∏mƒ At¥mWnbpsS Bflmhv ]≈n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂-Xmbn

Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ I≠p. At±-lsØ I≠ ÿehpw [cn-®n-cp∂

thj-hp-sa√mw Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ IrXy-ambn ]d-™p. At±lw Pohn-

®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ÿnc-ambn \n∂n-cp-∂ ÿehpw hkvX-[m-cW

coXnbpw F√mw IrXy-ambn Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ ]d-™-t∏mƒ knÃ-

dn\p hnizm-k-am-bn. At±lw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øm-sW∂pw, \o≠

ip≤o-I-c-W-ap-s≠∂pw F-hp-]m-kn-bΩ Adn-bn-®p. A∂p apX-¬

Xt∂m-sSm∏w Cu knÃdpw acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿°pth≠n P]-ame sNm√p-

hm≥ AXohXmev]cyw ]I-Sn∏n®ncp-∂-Xmbn Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ

]dbp∂p.

1906, Unkw-_¿ 26- mw XobXn ta\m-t®cn ]nXm-hn\v Fhp-]m-

kn-bΩ Fgp-Xnb IØn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. c≠p Znhkw ASp-

∏n®v Xs‚ apdn-bpsS hmXn-en¬ ap´pw, X´pw, Ic-®nepw tI´p. cmXn

Hcp aWn kabw Xs‚ Xe-bn-W-ta¬ Btcm X´n-b-t∏mƒ Xm≥

t]Sn-®p-t]m-bn. DSs\ Hcm-fns‚ i_vZw tI´p. Xm≥ Cutim-bpsS

_nbm-Snkv BsW∂pw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-tØ°v Xs∂ k¿t∆-iz-

- 63 - - 64 -

c≥ Ab-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw ]d-™p. AhnsS ITn-\-th-Z\ A\p- -

hn-°p∂ \nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bmb, Xs‚ ta¬ I\nhv tXmt∂-W-

sa-sb∂v At]-£n-®p. \nßƒ ]m¿∞n-®m¬ Ahn-SpsØ in£-

bpsS Imem-h[n Ipd®p In´p-sa∂pw ]d-™p. ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-

hmZw e`n®Xpaq-e-amWv ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂pw ChnsS

FØm≥ Ign-™-sX∂pw Xs∂ _‘n-®n-cp∂ XpS¬ ImWn®p -X-

cm-sa∂pw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv ]d-™p. Ah¿ Hcp Nße Xs‚

Iøn¬ sh®p-sIm-Sp-°pbpw At∏mƒ Xs‚ ssIøn¬ s]m≈-e-\p-

-h-s∏- Xmbpw Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ ]d-bp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bp≈ a‰p-≈-h-

tcm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw X\n-°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-hm≥ Gev]n-

®n v Bflmhv A]-Xy-£-bmbn. Cu hnh-c-ßƒ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ

Xs‚ tijvT-Øn-b-Ωsb Adn-bn-®p. ASpØ Znhkw tijvT-Øn-

b-Ω-bpsS ap-dn-bn-emWv Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ InS-∂-Xv. ]Xn-hpt]mse ap´pw

X´pw XpS¿∂p. tijvT-Øn-bΩ Ipcn-ip-h-c®v l∂m≥ sh≈w Xfn-

®p-sIm≠v Rßƒ \nßƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p-s≠∂v Adn-

bn-®p. Xm≥ ]¥≠p Znhkw Chn-sS-h∂v ]m¿∞\bmNn-°-W-sa-

∂p≈ Iev]\ ssZhØn¬\n∂pw ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n®-

Xp-aq-e-amWv Cßs\ hcp-∂-sX∂v Adn-bn-®p. F¥v sX‰n-\mWv ip≤o-

I-cWw A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv F∂ tijvT-Øn-b-Ω-bpsS tNmZy-Øn\v

Xs‚ AanX kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw ]c-kvt\lw, Zmcn-ZyhrXw F∂n-

hbv°v hncp-≤-amb Xs‚ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ aqeam-sW∂pw ip-≤o-I-

c-Wm-flmhv adp-]Sn \¬In. IS-a-Iƒ th≠ hn[-Øn¬ sNøm-Xn-cp-

∂Xpw, NneXv kmc-an-s√∂ a´n¬ X≈n-°-f-™Xpw CXn\v Imc-W-

am-bn. \nßƒs°¶nepw CXp-t]mse Hcp A_≤w ]‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥

th≠n-bmWv Xm\nXv Adn-bn-°p-∂-sX∂pw Ipd-®p-Imew IqSn ip≤o-

I-c-W-aps≠∂pw Adn-bn-®n v Bflmhv A]-Xy-£-ambn. 24- 05- 1900-

˛¬ H√q¿ aTw ÿm]n-X-am-b-t∏mƒ Aº-g-°m´p \n∂pw-h-∂-h-cn¬

hrX-hm-KvZm\w sNbvXn-cp∂ GI I\ym-kvXo-bm-bn-cp∂p aZ¿ _nbm-

Snkv. Xs‚ PohnX Imew apgph≥ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°pth≠n

]m¿∞n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw, \nßƒ Hs° Xs‚ amX-am-sW-¶n¬ F√m

Znh-khpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Fhp-

]m-kn-bΩ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. H∏w \nXy-c£ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp

Xpd∏pNo´mWv ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-tfm-Sp≈ ‡n-sb∂v Fhp-]m-kn-

bΩ \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.

“acWw hcp-sam-cp-\mƒ

Hm¿°pI a¿Xym \o

IqsS t]mcpw \n≥

PohnX sNbvXn-Ifpw

k¬IrXy-ßƒ sNøpI \o

Ae-kX IqSmsX”Cu Km\w \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂Xv CXp-X-s∂-bt√?

hmgv -s¸« adnbw tXkymbpwip²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡fpw

Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-sb-t∏mse hmgvØ-s∏´ adnbw tXkymbpw

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf ]tXyIw kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂p. Xm≥ ImgvN-sh-

®n- p≈ P]-ame ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw, Zfi-hn-tam-N-\-ßfpw ip≤o-I-c-

Wm-flm-°-fpsS in£-bpsS Imem-h[n Ipd-bv°p-hm\pw Ahsc \nXy-

X-bn¬ FØn-°p-hm\pw klm-b-I-am-b-Xmbn hmgvØ-s∏´ adnbw

tXkym shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ Hcp Iym≥k¿ tcmKn acn-°m-dmbn InS-°p-I-bm-sW∂v

a\- n-em-°nb adnbw tXkym At±-lsØ kµ¿in-®p. acn-°m-

dmb hkq-cntcmKn-Isf hf-sc-b-[nIw ]oVn-∏n-®n- p≈ Hcp hy‡n-

bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. ac-W-°n-S-°-bnembn-cp∂ At±-lsØ [mcmfw

]nim-Np-°ƒ s]mXn-™n-cp-∂-Xmbn hnip-≤bv°v ImWp-hm≥ Ign-

™p. Ah¿ At±-lsØ Xm≥ sNbvX Zpjv]-hr-Øn-Iƒ ImWn-

®n v A]-l-kn-°p-Ibpw Abm-fn¬ \ncmi P\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

- 65 - - 66 -

At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n knÃ¿ P]-ame sNm√pIbpw ‘Cutim’ F∂v

XpS¿®-bmbn ]d-bp-hm≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw

Cutim-bpsS Xncp-\maw G‰p-]-d-bp-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™n-√.

ASpØ Znhkw AhnsS FØnb knÃ¿ At±l-Øns‚ `mcy-

tbmSv ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØ Bcp-an-√mØ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠n

Hcp hn.-Ip¿_m\ sNm√n-°mtam F∂v tNmZn-°p-Ibpw, AXn\v

Ah¿ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v At±-l-Øns‚ ImXn¬

“Cutim, adn-bw, butkt∏ Cu Bflm-hn\v Iq´m-bn-cn-°-Wta”F∂ P]w ]e-X-hW At±-l-Øns‚ ImXn¬ knÃ¿ sNm√n-sIm-Sp-

°p-Ibpw At±lw a-cn°pIbpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv Xncp-Ip-Spw_w

amem-J-amsc Ab-°p-∂-Xmbpw Ah¿ At±-l-Øns‚ Bflm-hns\

c£-bpsS Ihm-S-Øn-te°v Ab-°p-∂-Xmbpw knÃ-dn\v Z¿i-\-ap-

≠mbn.

as‰mcp Znhkw Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n v Ggp-

h¿j-ambn Xm≥ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv IjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmsW∂pw,

klmbn°phm≥ Bcp-an-s√∂pw, AXn-\m¬ Hcp hn.-Ip¿_m\ sNm√n

ka¿∏n-°-W-sa∂pw At]-£n-®p. Cu hnhcw adnbw tXky Xs‚

Bflob ]nXm-hns\ Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hn.-Ip¿_m-\-tbm-

sSm∏w P]-ame ]m¿∞-\bpw Zfi-hn-tam-N-\-ßfpw knÃ¿ ImgvN-

sh-®p. hn.-Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-®-Xns‚ F´mw-Zn-hkw i\n-bmgvN Cu

Bflmhv al-Xz-tØm-Sp-IqSn kz¿§-Øn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xmbn X\n°v

Z¿i\w e`n-®p.

1905˛ ¬, ac-Wm-k-∂-\mb Hcp hr≤s\ kµ¿in®p adnbw

tXkym ipiq-j-Iƒ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥ \¬Inb Bflob D]-

tZ-i-ßƒ At±-l-Øn\v kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. At±lw acn-°p-∂-

Xns‚ Xte-Zn-hkw knÃ¿ At±-lsØ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw \√

acWw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n amXm-hn-t\mSv ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-an-√mØ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øns‚

Hcp hiØv ]nim-Np-°fpw adp-h-iØv amem-J-amcpw \n∂n-cp-∂p.

ssZh-Øn¬ ic-W-s∏-Sp-hm\pw ]m]-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A\p-X-]n-°p-hm\pw

amem-J-am¿ D]-tZ-in-®-t∏mƒ, ]nim-Np-°ƒ At±lw sNbvX ]m]-

ßƒ Htcm-∂mbn ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°phm≥ XpS-ßn. CXp-I≠v \ncm-

i-\mb At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n knÃ¿ ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn.

]nim-Np-°ƒ sXfn-hp-Iƒ \ncØn At±-l-Øns‚ ta¬ Ah-Im-i-

hmZw D∂-bn-®-t∏mƒ amem-J-amcpw hn´n-√. At±lw i\n-bm-gvN-I-

fn¬ Znhy-_-en-bn¬ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Ah¿ Ah-Im-i-s∏- p.

CXp-tI´ ]nim-Np-°ƒ sXfn-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v At±lw Cu _en-

I-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØXv ip≤-amb \ntbm-K-tØmsS Bbn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw

Xs‚ k¬t∏-cn\p amX-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw hmZn-®p. Cu kXy-Øns‚

apºn¬ amem-J-am¿ \ni-_vZ-cm-bn. adnbw tXkym Xs‚ Bflob

]nXm-hns\ hcpØn ac-Wm-k-∂¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ

sNm√n-∏n-®p. kpt_m-[-an-√msX InS∂ At±lw A\p-X-]n-°p-Itbm

]m]-ßƒ G‰p-]-d-bp-Itbm sNbvXn-√. tcmKn-°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-

°p-hm≥ ]d-t™¬∏n-®n v sshZo-I≥ aS-ßn. knÃ¿ ]Xym-i-tbmsS

153 aWn P]w sNm√n At±-l-Øn\p th≠n ImgvN-sh-®p. A[nIw

Xma-kn-°msX A\p-X-]n-°mØ At±-l-Øns‚ kao-]-tØ°v

Cutim hn[n-bm-f\mbn IS∂p hcp-∂Xv knÃ¿ I≠p. s]s´∂v

]cn-ip≤ AΩ AhnsS FØn, At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n Icp-W-°mbn

bmNn-®p. i\n-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ hn.-Ip¿∫m-\-I-fn-¬ kw_-‘n-®n-cp∂

At±-lsØ in£n-°p-I-tbm, X∂n¬ Bi-bn-°p-∂-hsc Dt]-£n-

°p-Itbm sNø-cp-tX-sb∂v AΩ At]-£n-®p. tcmKn-bpsS kao-]-

tØ°v AΩ IS∂p h∂-t∏mƒ ]nim-Np-°ƒ b∂p amdn. tcmKn-

bpsS ImXn¬ a\-kvXm-]-Øn-\p-th≠ Imcy-ßƒ ]cn-ip≤ AΩ

]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. DSs\ tcmKn Xs‚ alm-]m-]-ßsf Hm¿Øv A\p-

X-]n-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. \s√mcp acWw At±lØn\v e`n-®p.-G-Xm\pw

Znh-k-ßƒ°v tijw At±lw knÃ-dn\v Z¿i\w \¬In. Xm≥

ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øm-sW∂pw, \o≠-Imew ip≤o-I-c-W-ap-s≠∂pw

Adn-bn-®p. XpS¿∂p ]m¿∞\mklmbw A`y¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v

Bflmhv A]-Xy-£-am-bn.

- 67 - - 68 -

]cn-ip≤ AΩbpsS Aa-tem-¤h hnizm-k-kXy]Jym-]-\-

Øns‚ kph¿Æ Pq_nen Znh-k-am-bn-cp-∂t√m 1904, Unkw-_¿

8˛mw Xob-Xn. AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v CS-h-I-]-≈n-bn¬ [ym\-Øn\v

Xm≥ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. [ym\w Ign-™-Xns‚ ASpØ Znhkw

cmXn ]`m-]q-cn-X-bmb Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv X\n°v Z¿i\w \¬In,

Cßs\ Adn-bn-®p. tXkym°v \µn ]d-bp-hm-\mWv Xm≥ FØn-b-

sX∂pw [ym\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw Pq_n-en-bpsS Zfi-hn-tam-N\w

t\Sn-sb-SpØv ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°v ImgvNsh®-Xns‚ ^ew

X\n°v e`n-®-Xmbpw Bflmhv shfns-∏-Sp-Øn.

GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xv h¿j-ambn Xm≥ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv Bbn-

cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ct∂ Znhkw Xm≥ \nXy-X-bn-te°v FSp-°-s∏-Sp-I-

bm-sW∂pw \µn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bflmhv Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn. kz¿§`mKyw

Ffp∏w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp kpK-a-amb am¿§amWv Btcm-cp-

an-√mØ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n°p∂-Xv. Znh-

khpw Hcp sNdnb XymK-sa-¶nepw sNbvXv Ah¿°p-th≠n

ImgvNshbv°p-hm≥ adnbw tXkym \sΩ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ Hcp sshZo-Is‚ Bflmhv adnbw tXkymbv°v Z¿i\w

\¬In. Xm≥ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv hf-sc-b-[nIw IjvS-∏-Sp-∂Xmbn

At±-lw Adn-bn-®p. `mc-ta-dnb Nß-e-I-fm¬ _‘n-X-\m-bn- mWv

At±-lsØ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™-Xv. Xs‚ Bflob ]nXmhv kao-]-

Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-tØmSv Cu hnhcw knÃ¿ ]d-™p.

F¥mWv sNbvXp Xtc-≠sX∂v tNmZn°phm≥ At±lw adnbw

tXkym-tbmSv ]d-™p. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv X\n°v GI-tZiw A©v

h¿j-ß-tfmfw Ign-tb-≠n-h-cp-sa∂pw, AXns‚ Imem-h[n Ipd®p

In´p-hm≥ Xs∂ klm-bn-°-W-sa∂pw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv A`y¿∞n-

®p. A∂p apX¬ ]mbv›n-Ø-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, hnip-≤-Ip¿_m\,

Zfihntam-N\w F∂nh hgn knÃ¿ At±-lsØ klm-bn-°p-hm≥

XpS-ßn. ]n∂oSv c≠p ]mhiyw At±-l-Øns‚ Bflmhv Z¿i\w

\¬In. At∏mƒ At±lw _‘\ hnap-‡-\mbn ImW-s∏- p. knÃ¿

X\n-°p-th≠n sNbvX-Im-cy-ßƒ hgn-bmbn X\n°v Bizmkw e`n-

®Xmbpw A[nIw Xma-kn-°msX \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-sa∂pw

]Xym-in-°p-∂-Xmbn ]d-™p.

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw, hn.-Ip¿∫m\, Zm\-

[¿Ω-ßƒ, ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Ch hgn Hcm-flm-hn-s\-sb-¶nepw \nXy-X-

bn-te°v IS-Øn-hn-Sp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-h¿ mKy-hm-∑m¿. Fs¥-

∂m¬ Ah-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ \nXy-\m-i-Øn¬ \n]-Xn-°p-hm≥ kz¿§-

Øn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS kvt\ln-X¿ Hcn-°epw CS-bm-°p-I-bn-√ F∂v

hmgvØ-s∏´ adnbw tXky \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.

D]-kw-lmcw

\ΩpsS ]q¿∆o-I¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ip≤o-

I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n \nXy-X-bn-se-Øm≥ Ahsc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠Xv \ΩpsS IS-a-bm-Wv. ac-Wm-\-¥cw \Ωn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿

]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xv CXp amX-am-Wv. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ ]ecpw CXp th≠-

hn-[-Øn¬ \n¿h-ln°p∂pt≠m F∂v kwi-bn-°p-∂p.

\ΩpsS ]q¿∆oI¿°p-th≠n amX-a-√, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØ

Btcm-cp-an-√mØ a‰v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th-≠nbpw \mw

]m¿∞nt°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿°p-th≠n \ap°v sNøm-hp∂

G‰hpw henb Hcp ]pWy-]-hr-Øn-bm-bn-cn°pw AXv. Ipcnin¬

InS-∂p-sIm≠v ‘F\n°v Zmln-°p∂p’ F∂v Cutim ]d-™-t∏mƒ

Ahn-Sp-tØ°v Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠nbp≈ Zml-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚

a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw ]oVm-k-l-\-ßfpw Ipcn-ip-a-c-Whpw F√mw a\-

jy-cpsS c£°pw \nXy-Po-h\pw th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Im¬h-cn-bm-X-

bn¬ Ipcnip hln-°m≥ i‡n-bn-√msX h∂-t∏mƒ Intd-\-°m-c-

\mb ina-tbm≥ Cutimsb klm-bn-°p-∂-Xmbn ss__n-fn¬ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠-t√m. Bflm-°-fpsS c£-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Im¬h-

cn-bm-X-bn¬ Ahn-SpsØ Ipcniv Aev]-k-a-b-tØ°v Xmßp-hm≥

- 69 - - 70 -

ina-tbm\v `mKyw e`n-s®-¶n¬ C∂pw AtX `mKy-Øn-\p≈ Ah-

kcw \ΩpsS apºnepw e`y-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØp

\n∂pw \nXy-X-bn-te-°p≈ bmX-bn¬ Bflm-°ƒ kl-\-ß-fn-

eqsSbmWt√m IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞-\,

hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\, XymK ]hr-Øn-Iƒ, kl-\-ßƒ, HuZm-cy-]-hr-

Øn-Iƒ Ch-hgn \n -lm-b-cmb Ahsc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS

\msams° ina-tbm-∑m-cmbn amdp-I-bm-Wv. ]c-kvt\-l-sØ-∏‰n ]Tn-

∏n® Cutim “\nt∂-t∏mse \ns‚ Ab¬°m-c-s\bpw kvt\ln-

°pI” F∂m-Wt√m hN-\-Øn-eqsS \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. temI-Øn-

ep-≈-h¿ F√mw \ΩpsS Ab¬°m¿ Xs∂-bm-W-t√m. Aß-s\-

sb-¶n¬ acWw hgn-bmbn Cu temI-Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿s∏´ \ΩpsS

Ab¬°msc ta¬ hnh-cn® ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw k¬]hr-Øn-Ifpw

hgn \ap°v klm-bn-°mw.

Xm≥ A¿∏n-°p∂ Znhy-_-en-I-fn¬ [mcmfw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-

°ƒ IS-∂p-h-cm-dp-s≠∂v hn. ]mtZ-]ntbm shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ip≤o-

I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw XymK ]hr-Øn-Ifpw

ImgvN-sh®v Ahsc AXy-[nIw kvt\ln® Hcp hnip-≤-\m-bn-cp∂p

hn. ]mtZ-]n-tbm. \mw A¿∏n-°p∂ Hmtcm Znhy_en-I-fneqsSbpw

\n -lm-b-cmb Cu Bflm-°sf \ap°v klm-bn-°mw.

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n \mw ]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ

\ap°v e`n-°p∂ A\p-K-l-ßsf°pdn®v CXn\p apºv hni-Z-ambn

]Xn]m-Zn-®n-cp-∂p-h-t√m. acn-bm-hmƒtXm¿Øm F∂ Z¿iIbv°v

(ssZ-h-a-\p-jys‚ kvt\l KoX, 16- mw hmey-Øn¬ \n∂pw) Cutim

CtX-°p-dn®v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xp-IqSn amXw hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v

D]-kw-l-cn-°-s´. “Fs‚ k -bn¬ Ft∏mgpw ]ptcm-ln-X-cpw, ]fin-

Xcpw, ]hm-N-Icpw _m[-Iƒ Hgn-∏n-°p-∂-hcpw, ]m]-tam-N\w \¬Ip-

∂-hcpw A¤pXw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-hcpw Acq-]n-bm¬ \nth-in-Xcpw

D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ImcWw P\-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-bh k -bn¬ \n∂pw

e`n-°-Ww. kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]t_m-[n-∏n-°p∂ k`sb kz¿§o-

b-k` X\nsb hn´p-I-f-bp-I-bn-√. ]t_m-[n-∏n-°p∂ k` bp≤w

sNøp∂ k`sb klm-bn-°pw. Ch aq∂p hyXykvX LS-I-ß-f-√.

Ah aq∂pw H∂m-Wv. Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ Hcp n∂-X-bp-an-√. F∂m¬

kvt\l-Øns‚ sFIy-am-Wp-≈-Xv. e£y-Øn-ep≈ sFIyhpw

kvt\lsØ BK-ln-°p-hm\pw kz¿§-Øn¬ AXv A\p -hn-°p-

hm\pw, B cmPy-amWv e£yw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ka-c-k- , kvt\l-

tØm-Sp-IqsS kl-\-k`bv°v Bh-iy-am-bXp \¬I-Ww. Ch-cn¬

Hcp hn`mKw hnP-b-k- -bn-te°v \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´p Ign-™p. F¶nepw

AXn¬ \n∂pw AI-‰n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv, ImcWw tamNn-°-s∏´ Ip‰-

ßƒ°v ]cn-]q¿Æ ssZh-\o-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ]cn-lm-c-am-bn- n-√.

auXoI ico-c-Øn¬ F√mw kvt\l-Øn-eq-sSbpw kvt\lw hgn-

bpamWv sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xv. ImcWw AXn¬ ]h-ln-°p∂ c‡w

kvt\l-am-Wv. hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-ßsf klm-

bn-°p-I. imco-cn-I-amb ImcpWy ]hrØn-Iƒ°v kz¿§-Øn¬ ]Xn-

k-Ωm-\-ap-s≠∂v Rm≥ ]d-™Xpt]mse Bflo-b-amb Imcp-Wy-

]-hr-Øn-Iƒ°pw kz¿§-Øn¬ kΩm-\-ap-s≠∂v Rm≥ ]d-™n-

cp∂p.- k-Xyambpw Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂p, acn-®-h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ°m-

bp≈ Hcp ]m¿∞\ Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ Hcp henb ]hr-Øn-bmWv.

AXn\v ssZhw \nßsf A\p-K-ln°pw. \nßƒ B¿°p-th≠n

]m¿∞n-®pthm, B Bflm-°ƒ \nß-tfmSv \µn-bp≈hcm-bn-cn°pw.

ico-c-Øns‚ ]p\x-cp-∞m-\-Øn¬ \nß-sf√mw hn[n-I¿Øm-hmb

InkvXp-hns‚ apºn¬ Hcp-an®p IqSn-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ BK-

ln-°p-∂-h-tcm-Sp-IqsS iq≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfmSv

ImcpWyw ImWn®v Ah¿°pth≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bpw, Zm\-[¿Ωw

\S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ D≠m-bn-cn°pw. Rm≥ \nß-

tfmSp ]d-bp∂p Hcp \∑-]-hr-Øn-t]mepw e-an-√m-Xmbn t]mIp-I-

bn-√. At\Iw Bfp-Iƒ kz¿§-Øn¬ sXfn-hmbn ]Imin°pw.

- 71 - - 72 -

Ah¿ kphn-tijw ]kw-Kn®n´n√, -F-∂m¬ Ah¿ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp∂ Bflm-°ƒ°pth-≠nbpw ]m]n-I-fpsS am\- m-¥-c-Øn-\p-

th-≠nbpw ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw kln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v. temI-

Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø-hcmb ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw t]jn-Xcpw ssZhw

amXw Adn-bp∂ kl-\-Øns‚ _en-bm-Sp-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-hcpw

I¿Øm-hns‚ ipiq-j-I-cpsS ]Xn-k-Ωm\w kzoI-cn-°pw. ImcWw

Ah-cpsS Pohn-XsØ Ah¿ ktlm-Z-c-kvt\-l-Øn\pw ssZh-a-l-

Xz-Øn-\p-ambn \nc-¥cw kvt\l-_-en-bmbn A¿∏n-®-h-cm-Wv. Rm≥

kXy-ambn ]d-bp∂p, “\nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn-te°v ]e hgn-I-fn-eqsS ]th-

in-°mw. AXn¬ H∂v CXm-Wv. CXv Fs‚ lrZ-b-Øn\v hfsc ]oXn-

bp-f-hm-°p∂p”.

A\p_‘w

A. ItØm-en°k`bpw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw

ItØm-en-°-k -bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-Øn¬ (Catechism of thecatholic church) ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn®v 1- mw `mKw, 12- mw

hIp-∏n¬, III ¬, 1030 apX¬ 1032 hsc Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cn-°p-∂p.

1030 ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-h-c-Ønepw kulr-Z-Ønepw acn-°p-

∂-h¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- -hc-s√¶nepw \nXy-c-£-bpsS

Dd∏v t\Sn-b-h-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ kz¿§o-bm-\-µ-Øn-te°v ]th-in-°p-

hm≥ Bh-iy-amb hnip≤n t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah¿ ac-Wm-\-

¥cw ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-cmbnØocp-∂p.

1031 Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏- -h-cpsS Cu A¥n-a-ip-≤o-I-c-WsØ

k` ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿew (Purgatory) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. i]n-°-

s∏- -h-cpsS in£-bn¬ \n∂v AXv XnI®pw hn`n-∂-am-Wv. ip≤o-I-

c-W-ÿ-esØ kw_-‘n®v k -bpsS hnizm-k-]-t_m-[-\-ßƒ

]tXy-I-ambpw vtfmd≥kn-sebpw, sX¥n-sebpw kp∂-l-tZm-kp-

I-fn¬ tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏- -h-bm-Wv. k`bpsS ]c-ºcyw hnip-≤-K-

Ÿ-Ønse Nne`mK-ßƒ ]cm-a¿in®p sIm≠v ip≤o-I-cn-°p∂

A·n-sb-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

eLp-hmb Ip‰-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ah-km\ hn[n°p

apºv Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bp-s≠∂v \mw hniz-kn-°-Ww. ]cn-ip-

≤m-flm-hn-s\-Xnsc ZqjWw ]d-bp-∂-h-tcmSv Cu bpK-Øntem hcpw

bpK-Øntem £an-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂p kXyw Xs∂-bm-b-h≥ ]d-

- 73 - - 74 -

bp-∂p. Nne Ip‰ßƒ Cu bpK-Øn¬ £an-°-s∏-Sm-sa∂pw F∂m¬

a‰p NneXp hcm-\p≈ bpK-Ønepw £an-°-s∏-Sm-sa∂pw Cu hmN-

I-Øn¬ \n∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

1032 acn-®-h¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p∂ ]Xn-hnepw A[n-jvTn-

X-amWv Cu ]t_m-[\w. hnip≤ KŸ-Øn¬ B ]Xn-hn-s\-∏‰n

kqNn-∏n-®n- p-≠v. “AXp-sIm≠v acn-®-h¿°p ]m]tam-N\w e`n-°p-

∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah≥ (bq-Zmkv aJm-_-b¿) ]m]-]-cn-lmc I¿Ωw

A\p-jvTn-®p. Bcw- -Imew apX¬ k` acn-®-h-cpsS A\p-kva-c-

WsØ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p-th≠n ]cn-lmc ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ,

k¿thm-]cn Znhy-_en A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ip≤o-

I-cn-°-s∏ v ssZh-Øns‚ ku`mKy Z¿i\w ]m]n-°pI F∂-Xm-

bn-cp∂p CXns‚ e£yw. acn-®-h¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ [¿Ω-Zm-\w, Zfi

hntam-N\ I¿Ω-ßƒ, ]mbv›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw k`

t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p.

\ap°v Ahsc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Hm¿Ω BN-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNømw. tPm_ns‚ ]pX-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS ]nXm-hns‚ _en

hgn ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- p-sh-¶n¬ acn-®-h¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS

ImgvN-Iƒ Ah¿°v Bizmkw \¬Ip-sa-∂-Xn¬ \mw F¥n\p

kwi-bn-°-Ww? acn-®-hsc klmbn°p-∂-Xnepw \ΩpsS ]m¿∞-

\-Iƒ Ah¿°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw \mw i¶n-°-cpX.v

IqSmsX \c-I-Øns‚ AkvXn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v 1033- 1037 hsc

hfsc hni-Z-ambn ItØm-en-°-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-Øn¬

(catechism of the Catholic Church) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

B. hn. ss__nfpw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw

hn.-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ At\I ÿe-ß-fn¬ CtX-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-

°p-∂p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp-amXw Xmsg D≤-cn-°p-∂p.

Zm\n-tb¬ 12-/10, kJ-dnbm 13-/9, aem°n 3/2- 3, 2 a°m-_-b¿ 12-

/42- 45, aØmbn 5/26, eq°m 12-/47- 48, eq°m 12/58-- - -59, 1 tImdn-

t¥mkv 3/13- 15, 2 Xntam-tØ-tbmkv 1/16- 18, sl_m-b¿ 12/23, shfn-

]mSv 21/27, 1 ]tXmkv 3/19, aØmbn 12/32, ]`m-j-I≥ 2/5.

C. hnip-≤cpw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw

ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØ XobpsS kmµX \c-I-Ønse Xobp-

tSXp t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp-ambn G‰hpw sNdnb _‘w

]pe¿Øn-bm-ep≈ thZ\ Cu temI-Ønse F√m kl-\-ßfpw

IqSn-t®¿∂m¬ D≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ ItTm-c-am-Wv.

hn. tXmakv AIzn-\mkv

kz¿§ ]th-i\Øn\p apºmbn F√m Ip‰-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

Bflmhv hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-S-Ww. Cu temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ A\p- -

hn-°mt\m Duln-°m≥ t]meptam Ign-bmØ b-¶camb Xobn¬

thZ-\n®v Bflmhv \n¿Ω-e-am-°-s∏-S-Ww.

hn. AKkvXot\mkv

Cu temI-Ønse F√m IjvS-X-Ifpw thZ-\-Ifpw Ah-km\

hn[n-Zn-hkw hsc kln-°p-∂-XmWv Hcp Znhkw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-

bn¬ InS-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ kzoIm-cy-am-bn- p-≈-Xv.

hn. kndnƒ

- 75 - - 76 -

hnip-≤-cn¬ \n∂v [mcmfw A\p-K-l-ßƒ, hen-b-Zm-\-ßƒ

Rm≥ kzoI-cn-®n- p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-tb-°mƒ al-Ømb Zm\-ßƒ

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-fpsS ]m¿∞\ hgn-bmbn F\n°v km[n-®n- p-

≠v. kln-°p∂ B Bflm-°ƒ HSp-hn¬ Ah-cpsS thZ-\-I-fn¬

\n∂pw tamNn-X-cmbn kz¿§`mKyw A\p- -hn-°p-tºmƒ qan-bnse

Xß-fpsS kplr-Øp-°sf Hcn-°epw ad-°p-I-bn-√. Ah-cpsS IrX-

⁄-Xbv°v Hcp AXncpw ]cn-an-Xnbpw Iev]n-°p-I-bp-an-√. Ah-

cpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ hgn Xß-fpsS kvt\ln-Xsc A]-I-S-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw `b-s∏-Sp -Øp∂ Xn∑-I -fn¬ \n∂pw

kwc-£n-°pw.

s_mtfm-™m-bnse hn. IXo\

ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°ƒ°v Xßƒ°mbn tbmKy-X-Iƒ H∂pw

t\Sm≥ Ign-bn-s√-¶nepw \ap-°p-th≠n hen-b-Ir-]-Iƒ hmßn-Ø-

cm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah¿ hnip-≤m-flm-°sf t]mse a≤y-ÿ-c-s√-¶nepw

ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-bn-eqsS \ap-°p-th≠n henb B\p-Iq-

ey-ßƒ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw t\Sn-Ø-cm\pw, Xn∑-Iƒ, tcmK-ßƒ,

A]-I-S-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂v \sΩ ]cn-c-£n-°p-hm\pw km[n-

°pw.

hn.-A¬t^m≥kv entKm-cn.

Hscm‰ amc-I-]m]w \nXy-Im-esØ \c-I-in-£bv°v Hcm-flmhv

hn[n-°-s∏-Sm≥ aXn-sb-¶n¬ (A-\p-X-]n-°msX acn-®-h-sc-¶n¬)

FÆ-a‰ a\x-]q¿∆-amb eLp-]m-]-ß¬ sNbvX Bflm-°ƒ \o≠-

h¿j-ßƒ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-

°m-s\m-∂p-an-√.

ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mb sshkven

D. hn. tPm¿XqUpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°fpw

Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n [mcmfw

]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ kl-\-ßƒ Ah¿°v th≠n ImgvN-sh-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX hn.P¿XqUv Xs‚ ac-W-k-abw ASp-Ø-t∏mƒ

]nim-Np-°-fm¬ ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ahƒ At\-I-h¿jw ip≤o-

I-c-W-ÿ-eØv Ign-tb-≠n-h-cp-sa∂v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. CXns‚ ImcWw Xs‚ kl-\-ßƒ apgp-h≥ a‰v Bflm-

°ƒ°p-th≠n ImgvNsh-®Xn\memWv F∂v Ah¿ Hm¿Ωn-∏n®p.

kz¿§w At\Iw ZqX-∑m-scbpw, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿe-Øp-\n∂pw

Ahƒ tamNn-∏n® [mcmfw Bflm-°sfbpw Ah-fpsS ]°-te°v

Ab-°p-Ibpw, Ah-km\w tbip Xs∂ h∂v kmØms\ HmSn-®p-

I-f-bp-Ibpw Ahsf Biz-kn-∏n -°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn

]d-bp-∂p.

Bflm-°-fpsS c£-°p-th≠n Cutim hn.-P¿Xq-Uns\ ]Tn-

∏n® ]m¿∞\ Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. “\nXy ]nXm-th, Ct∂ Znhkw

temI-am-k-Iew A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Znhy-_-en-I-fn¬ Atßbv°v

ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Atß Xncp-°p-am-cs‚ Xncpc‡w ip≤o-I-c-W-

ÿ-esØ kIe Bflm-°ƒ°pw, temI-Ønse F√m ]m]n-

Iƒ°pw km¿h-XnI k -bn-sebpw Fs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-sebpw ]m]n-

Iƒ°p-th-≠nbpw Rm≥ ImgvN sh®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.”

Cu ]m¿∞\ Znh-khpw ]e-X-hW \mw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv \∂m-

bn-cn-°pw.

- 77 - - 78 -

E. hmb-\-°m-tcmSp≈ A`y¿∞\

F√m-h¿jhpw \nß-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw P∑-Zn\w

BtLm-jn-°p∂ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ (A-s√-¶n¬ AXn-\-SpØ kuI-

cy-ap≈ Znh-kw) Hcp hn.-Ip¿∫m\ sNm√n ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-

th≠n ImgvN sh°p-I. CXv \nß-fpsS \nXy-Xbv°v Imc-W-am-bn-

Øo-cpw.

Reference : 1. Divine Mercy in my soul by Maria Faustina

2. The amazing secrets of the souls in purgatory: An interview with Maria Simma by Sr. Emmanuel

3. IY ]d-bp∂ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Sn.Sn. ap≠-°¬

4. ]©-£X adnbw tXky ˛ Sn.-Sn. ap≠-°¬

“Cutim, adn-bw, Hutkt∏ Rm≥

\nßsf AXy-[n-I-ambn kvt\ln-°p-

∂p. Rm≥ Bflo-b-ambn ZsØ-Sp-Øn-

cn-°p∂ K¿ -ÿ-in-ip-hns‚ Poh≥

`qW-l-Xy-bn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°-W-

sa∂v Rm≥ \nß-tfmS v bmNn -

°p∂p”.

Znh-khpw ]Øp-]m-hiyw Cu ]m¿∞\ sNm√n, ]Øv

Ip™p-ßsf Bflo-b-ambn ZsØ-Sp-°p-I. \nßƒ Bflo-

b-ambn ZsØSpØncn-°p∂ Cu Ip™p-ßƒ AΩ-bpsS

DZ-c-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p∂ ]Øp amkw F√m Znh-khpw Cu

]m¿∞\ sNm√p-I. F¶n¬ \nßƒ°v B Ip™p-ßsf

c£n-°m≥ km[n-°pw. \nßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬

sN√ptºmƒ B Ip™p-ßsf ImWm≥ km[n-°pw.

`qW-l-Xy-bn¬ \n∂pw Ip™p-ßsfc£n-°p-hm≥ th≠n-bp≈ ]m¿∞\

(Prayer to save children from abortion by Bishop Fulton J. Sheen)

- 79 - - 80 -

Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\

F\n°v A[nIw hnizm-khpw kvt\l-hp-ap≈ klm-

bn-bmb amem-J-tb, Fs‚ Imh-embn k¿t∆-iz-c-\m¬

Ahn-Sp∂p \nb-an-°-s∏- n-cn-°-bm¬, Fs∂ hn´p-]n-cn-bmsX

F√m-bvt∏mgpw ImØp-c-£n-®m-Z-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p-h-t√m. C]-Im-

c-ap≈ Ahn-SpsØ klm-b-Øn\pw a‰-t\I D]-Im-c-

ßƒ°pw Atß°v FXtbm kvtXmXw sNtø-≠-Xm-Ip-

∂p. Rm≥ \nZ-sN-øp-tºmƒ Ahn-Sp∂v Fs∂ Im°p-∂p.

N©-e-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw sRcp-°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw Ahn-Sp∂v Fs∂

Biz-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. F\n°p hcp∂ B]-Øp-Isf \o°p-

∂Xpw taen¬ hcp-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ kq£va-ap-≈-

h-\mbn ]m]-h-gnsb AS®v \√hgnsb ]th-in-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn\v F\n°v \√ hnNmcw X∂p-sIm≠v k¿t∆-iz-cs‚

IcpW e`n-°m-\n-S-bm-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-Sp∂p amX-am-Ip-∂p.

Atøm, Aß-bpsS At]-£-I-fm¬ ssZh-tIm]w F∂n¬

\n∂p \oßm-Xn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ \c-I-hmkn

BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ Aß-tbmSv At]-

£n-°p-∂p. Hcn-°epw Fs∂ ssIhn-S-cp-tX, ZpxJ-Øn¬

Biz-kn-∏n-t°-W-sa. Fs‚ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, IÆp-\o¿,

]tem`\-ßƒ apX-emb kIe k¬In-b-I-tfbpw a‰p

]hr-Øn-I-tfbpw ssZh-Xn-cp-a-\- n\v HØ-Xm°n k¿t∆-

i-cs‚ CjvS]km-Z-tØm-Sp-IqsS Rm≥ Cu temI-Øp-

\n∂p ]ncn™v \nXym-bp- p-]m-]n-°m≥ Ir] sNbvX-cp-tf-

W-ta, BtΩ≥ Cutim.

Cu ]pkvXIw hmbn-®n v \nßƒ°v kwXr]vXn e`n-

°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬, a‰p-≈-h-cn-te°v CXnse ktµ-i-ßƒ

FØn-°p-hm-\mbn CXns‚ tIm∏n-Iƒ hmßn hnX-

cWw sNøp-∂Xv \nßƒ°v A\p-K-l-]-Z-am-bn-cn-°pw.

Hcp kphn-ti-j-th-e-bmbn AXv amdp-I-bpw sNøpw.

ip≤o-I-cWw Ipd-bv°p-hm-\p≈ Nne hgn-I-ƒ

1. \nß-fpsS Hmtcm ]m¿∞-\-bn-epw, ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ Znhy_en-I-fn-epw,ZnhyImcpWy kzoI-c-W-k-a-b-Øpw, Hmtcm \∑ ]h¿ØnIƒ sNøp-tºmgpw \∑-c-W-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ BKlw ssZhw ap≥]msI ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I. H∏w ip≤o-I-cWw `qan-bn¬ h®p Xs∂ Xo¿°p-hm-\p≈A\p-K-l-Øn-\mbn ]m¿∞n-°p-I.

2. Ft∏mgpw ssZhCjvSw sNøp-hm-\mbn BK-ln-°p-I. AXmWv Hcphy‡n°v Ft∏mgpw \√-Xv. Hmtcm “kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmth” F∂]m¿∞-\-bnepw “Ahn-SpsØ lnXw F∂n¬ \nd-th-d-Wta” F∂v]m¿∞n-°p-I.

3. F√m IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fpw, Zpcn-X-ß-fpw, thZ-\-I-fpw, PohnX ss\cm-iy-ßfpw Ah sNdptXm heptXm BIs´ Ahsb kt¥m-j-tØmSpIqSn kzoI-cn-°p-I.-A-\m-tcm-Kyw, hkvXp-h-I-I-fpsS \jvSw, ]nb-s∏-´-h-cpsS ac-Ww, ]Xn-Iqe Imem-h-ÿ-Iƒ Aßs\ F√mw ssZhØn¬ \n∂m-sW∂v IcpXn Ahsb ssZh-I-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw kzoI-cn-°p-I. ssZh kvt\lsØ ]Xn CØ-c-Ønep≈ kl-\-ßƒ £a-tbm-Sp-IqSn kln-°p-∂Xp hgn-bmbn Ah \ΩpsS ]m]-ßƒ°p≈]mb-›n-Ø-ambn amdpw.

4. tbip-hn\v PohnXImeØv ]oVm-k-l-\-ßƒ D≠m-bXp t]mse\ap°pw A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]oVmk-l-\-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xvkzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Im-eØv \ap-°p-≠m-Ip∂ IjvS∏m-Sp-I-sfbpw \ncm-i-I-sfbpw tbip-hns‚ ]oVm-k-l-\ßtfmSv tN¿Øvh®v Ahsb kzoI-cn-°p-I-bpw, £a-tbm-Sp-IqSn kln-°p-IbpwsNøpI. B kl-\ßfneqsS \ap°v [mcmfw Ir]-Iƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°mw.

5. ssZhw \tΩmSp £an-°p-∂Xp t]mse a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ \n∂p \ap°ve`n-°p∂ apdn-hp-I-tf-bpw, \nµ-\-ß-tfbpw AtX Af-hn¬ £an-°p-I.

6. amcI ]m]-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw a\x-]q¿∆w sNøp∂ eLp ]m]-ß-fn¬ \n∂p hn´p \n¬°p-I. Nn¥-bnepw, hm°n-epw, ]hr-Øn-bn-epw, HuZmcyw ImWn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw hgn-bmbn hcp∂ ]m]-ßƒHgn-hm-°m≥ i≤n-°p-I.

7. Zm\-[¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-∂Xp ioe-am-°p-I. Ch-sb√mw ]cm-Xn-tbm, ]ndp-]n-dpt∏m IqSm-sXbm-bncn°Ww sNtø≠-Xv. a‰p-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v]cmXn ]d-bp-Itbm klmbw sNøp-hm≥ In´p∂ Ah-k-c-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. Ch-sbms° henb ]mb›nØ ]h¿Øn-I-fmbn amdpw.

8. kIe ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th-≠nbpw ]m¿∞n-°p-I. a‰p-≈-hscAXn\p t]cn-∏n-°p-I. ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Bflm-°ƒ\sΩ XncnsI klm-bn°pw.

9. Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ BgvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ Ipº-km-cn-°p-I. Znh-tk\Znhy_en-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp -°p-Ibpw ZnhyImcpWyw kzoI-cn -°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. -a-cn-°m-dmbn InS-°p-∂-h¿°v \∑-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠nhn. _en A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv \√-Xmbncn°pw.

10. Aev] ka-b-am-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw F√m Znh-khpw ZnhyImcpWy

ItØm-en°mk m hnizm-k-ßƒ°v tbmPn® ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ “ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤pX cl-ky-ßƒ” F∂ Cu]pkvXIw e n-°p-hm-\mbn Hcp tIm∏n°v 25 cq] aWn Hm¿U¿ Ab®v

s]m^. Fw. F. A_m-lw, aWn-a-teØv hoSv,amXn-c-∏n≈n PwKvj≥, tImX-aw-Kew 686 691 t^m¨ \º¿ : 0485 2824842.

F∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ e`n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. aWn Hm¿U¿ Ab-bv°p-tºmƒ \nß-fpsS ]n≥tImUpw, t^m¨ \ºdpw tN¿Øn-cn-°p-a-t√m.

5/--˛ cq]- hn-e-bp≈ “Ipcp-°p-Iƒ Agn-°p∂]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-b-tØm-Sp≈ s\mth\”

]pkvX-Iw e`n-°p-hm-\mbn Xmsg ImWp∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-I.(G‰-hpw Ipd-™Xv 4 tIm∏n-sb-¶nepw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I)

s]m^. Fw. F. A_mlw, aWn-a-te-¯v hoSv,amXn-c-∏n≈n PwKvj≥, tImX-aw-Kew.

]n≥ ˛ 686 691 , tIcf. t^m¨ ˛ 0485 2824842

Bcm[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øn¬ Cutimsb I≠p -sIm≠v ap´p-Ip-Øo\n∂v Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb Fs‚ Cutimsb, ]m]n-bmbFt∂mSv IcpW ImWn-°-W-sa. Cutimsb Rm≥ Aßsbkvt\ln-°p∂p. F\n°v \∑-cWw \evtI-W-sa F∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-I.11. hnizm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn sh¥nßm [cn-°p-∂-Xpw, Npw_n-°p-∂Xpw

Hcp ioe-am-°p-I.13. hnip≤ Pew \ΩpsS `h-\-ß-fn¬ kq£n-°p-I, ]tXy-In®v

A·n, sImSp-¶m-‰v, ]Ir-Xn -t£m-`-ßƒ, ]I¿® hym[n-Iƒ Chbv°v]Xn-hn-[n-bmbn CXv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. “tbipth, Cu hnip-≤-P-e-Øm-epw, Xncp-c-‡-Ømepw Fs‚bpw kIe ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-fp-tSbpw]m]-ßsf IgpIn If-bs´” F∂v ]m¿∞n®p sIm≠v hnip≤ PewXfn-®v, Ipcniv hc-bv°p-I.-

Nn‰q¿ [ym\-tI-µ-Øn¬ _lp. tPmkv D∏m-Wn-b-®≥ \bn® P]-ame[ym\-Øn¬ s]m . Fw. F. A_mlw \¬Inb

acn-b≥ A\p- -h-km£yw “AΩX≥ Nmsc”- F∂ hoUntbmkn.- Un. ( 25/þ) e`n-°p-hm≥ 0485 2824842 ¬ hnfn°p-I.

Nne ssIkvXh k`m-hn-`m-K-ßƒ ]cn. AΩ-bvs°-Xnsc D∂-bn-°p∂ Btcm-]-W-ßƒ°pw, kwi-b-ßƒ°pw adp-]Sn \¬Ip-∂, sssss]m^. Fw]m^. Fw]m^. Fw]m^. Fw]m^. Fw. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚

]pkvXIw “Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ AΩ” e`n-°p-hm≥

Poh≥ _pIvkv, c-W-ßm\w (t^m¨ 04822 ˛ 237474) F∂ \º-dn¬_‘s∏-Sp-I.

ip²o-i-cwØe-¯nse aÛpx cl-ky-§Ä books/secrets of purgatory.pdf · - 3 - - 4 -...

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