Iowa State Presentation

April 2006Neal Dueker

• Snapshot of West Central Coop– Headquarters in Ralston

• Full service coop with grain, agronomy, seed, chemicals, feed– 17 elevators that buy grain– 4 UP shuttle loaders

• Ralston, Jefferson, Gowrie, Jordan– 1 BN shuttle loader

• Templeton– 1 IA Interstate train loader

• Adair

• Contracts that we offer– Cash Contract– Cash Sale for Forward Delivery– Price Later Contract– Basis Contract– Futures Only or Hedge to Arrive Contract– Offer Contract– Deferred Payment Contract– Cargill and E-Markets Contracts

Cash Contract

• Simplest contract• Sell grain at current market price to a

specific location• No longer have to store the grain• Can receive payment when grain is

delivered

Cash Sale for Forward Delivery

• Lock in cash price for some future delivery period to a specific location

• Producer is obligated to deliver the grain at the specified time and location and is responsible for maintaining grain quality until then

• Producer is paid when grain is delivered during the specified time period

Price Later Contract• Allows the producer to deliver grain to the elevator and

establish the price on or before a predetermined expiration date (currently Oct 4 for WCC)

• Elevator takes title of the grain when PL contract is written (could have FSA implications)

• Condition of the grain is elevator’s responsibility after the producer delivers it

• Some elevators may offer zero charge price later during the off season

• Otherwise, the producer may incur a service charge as well as storage costs

Basis Contract

• Producer locks in the basis on the grain• The futures price is still open until the

producer sets that as well• Title of grain is turned over (FSA

implications)• A cash advance of approximately 70-80%

of the value of the grain can be made to the producer

Futures Only Contract

• Producer locks in CBOT Futures price• Basis, and therefore cash price, is not set• Elevator places hedges so the producer doesn’t

have to worry about margin calls or fees• Typically, minimum bushel requirement of 1000

bu.• Can be rolled to next futures month for 2c fee

Offer Contract

• Offer certain number of bushels for sale at a predetermined price for a selected delivery period and location

• If the market hits the predetermined price, the elevator fills that price with a regular grain contract

• Takes some of the emotion out of marketing• Normally written to be valid for 30 day period• After the 30 days, the offer contract expires, and the

producer could write a new one at the same price, a new one at a different price, or do nothing

Deferred Payment Contract

• Add-on contract to any grain sale• Allows producer to take payment of grain

that was delivered at some later time that is suitable for cash needs and tax purposes

• Title of the grain is the elevator’s• Carrying costs are stopped and elevator is

responsible for quality

Cargill and E-Markets Contracts

• Allows producers to set the futures price• Basis is still up to the producer to set• Producers can use futures averaging over a

period of time (usually seasonal highs) to set futures prices, or they have some other options

• There is a fee for these contracts

Grain Marketing

• We try to work with the producers to help them (producers own the coop)

• We typically have informational grain meetings once a month

• We are available all week, either in person or via phone, to discuss marketing with producers

• Most producers will use a combination of the contracts that we mentioned today

• Grain Processing– How many plants are in operation– How this affects supply and demand on

different levels– Implications of the industry

Soybean Processing Industry

• Very mature industry• Unlike the ethanol industry, the soy processing

industry is dominated by 3 major companies (Cargill, ADM, Bunge) and a handful of smaller companies

• We have excess crushing capacity in the U.S.• New capacity is being built in China • Some U.S. plants have closed in recent years and

some plants only run seasonally

Iowa Bean Processors

• AGP-Eagle Grove, Emmetsburg, Manning, Mason City, Sergeant Bluff, Sheldon

• ADM-Des Moines• Bunge-Council Bluffs• CF-Creston• Cargill-Cedar Rapids, Des Moines, Iowa Falls,

Sioux City• West Bend-West Bend• West Central-Ralston

Corn Processing

• Wet Mills– Large mills that make an array of products

ranging from ethanol, sweeteners, starches, oil, gluten feeds, etc.

• Dry Mills or Ethanol Plants– Smaller mills that make basically 3 products

(CO2, ethanol, and DDG’s)

– Currently, there are 95 ethanol plants in production in the U.S. with capacity of more than 4.3 billion gallons a year

– There are 31 plants and 9 expansions under construction with a combined capacity of more than 1.9 billion gallons

– (according to the Renewable Fuels Association)

Snapshot of typical ethanol plant

• “Cookie-cutter” plant consumes about 18 million bushels of corn per year (50,000 bu/day)– Example would be Coon Rapids

• Produce about 50 million gallons of ethanol per year

• Most are locally owned coop ventures• Most have about 10 days worth of storage• Most are built in major corn growing areas and

buy corn locally via truck and rail

Snapshot (cont.)

• Ethanol plants typically get 80-90% of their corn from commercial elevators instead of farmers

• Most have tough discount schedules due to lack of storage and fact grain goes right to production– No grade averaging– Tough discounts on moisture above 15%

Iowa Supply and Demand

Breakdown of corn ending stocks

• World corn ending stocks at 130.2 mill metric tons (5.126 bln bu)

• U.S. corn ending stocks of 2.351 bln bu (45.86% of world stocks)

• Iowa corn ending stocks of 563 million bu– (23.94% of U.S. stocks and 10.98% of World

stocks)

97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-061642 1769 1758 1728 1664 1932 1868 2244 2179

97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06459 546 659 637 744 875 772 666 724

Iowa Net Corn Exports, mln bu

Iowa Corn Production, mln bu

Iowa Production and Exports

County Corn Production in 2004• Boone County- 28,450,000 bu • Dallas County- 23,890,000 bu • Greene County- 29,680,000 bu • Story County- 30,280,000 bu • Hamilton County- 31,830,000 bu

• 5 County production of 144,130,000 bu• Or the equivalent of about 8 “Cookie-cutter” ethanol plants• There is currently 1 ethanol plant in these 5 counties (Jewell), but will

be 2 soon (Nevada)• That will still leave over 100 million bu. of excess supply

County Bean Production in 2004

Boone County-56.9 bu ave. 6,850,000 buDallas County-58.7 bu ave. 6,668,000 buGreene County-54.4 bu ave. 7,801,000 buHamilton County-53.1 bu ave. 6,869,000 buStory County-59.1 bu ave. 7,068,000 bu

5 County Total 35,256,000 bushels

What does this all mean?• Ethanol is an important end-user of corn and certainly

helps demand• Iowa produces enough corn for the ethanol plants,

livestock consumption, and exports out of state• At times, we might compete with the ethanol plants for

corn, but a lot of times we will be a big customer of theirs• It will take an adjustment period to see where the grain

and DDG’s will flow• Sometimes we will have the best bid and sometimes the

ethanol plant will have the best bid

• DISCLAIMER:– West Central assumes no liability for the use of

any information contained herein. Information contained herein was obtained from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to its accuracy. Neither the information nor any opinion expressed constitute a solicitation for a specific transaction.