iot: from arduino microcontrollers to tizen products using iotivity

Samsung Open Source Group 1

IoT:From micro controllers

to productsusing

Philippe CovalSamsung Open Source Group / SRUK

[email protected]

“IoT with the Best” Online conference#IOTWTB <2016-10-29>

mailto:[email protected]


Hello World !

● Philippe Coval– Software engineer for Samsung OSG

● Belongs to SRUK team, based in Rennes, France● Ask me for IoTivity support on Tizen platform and others

– Interests● Libre Soft/Hard/ware, Communities, Interoperability

– DIY, Embedded, Mobile, Wearables, Automotive...

– Find me online● https://wiki.tizen.org/wiki/User:Pcoval

https://wiki.tizen.org/wiki/User:Pcoval


Agenda

● What is IoT ?● IoTivity framework for connected devices● Example● Deployed on Arduino and Tizen Mobile Wearable devices● More● Q&A


Internet of Things is: A complex equation

● Where all parameters are correlated :– Connectivity: not only Internet, probably IP, but not only

● Personal (<1m), Local (<10m - 10km), Metropolitan (<10km), Wide Area (<1000Km)

– Security matters ! (during all expected life span)● Several surfaces of attacks: service, monitoring, upgrade

– Cost of materials and cost of usage:● Computing capability (CPU or MCU?), consumption, if 24x7● Development, maintenance: FLOSS or Closed source ?


● Many Silos / Many implementations :– One app per device (better than many remote controls)

– Dependence on centralized models (hub/cloud)

● Many concerns or issues:– Security/Privacy concerns?– Long term support and maintenance?

– Do we want critical devices exposed to the Internet ?

● Few Interoperability/Interconnection of today's things.

IoT: Internet of Today or Internet of Troubles ?


IoT: Internet of Tomorrow? Internet of Trust?

● “I” like Interoperability – <blink>Local connectivity between devices</blink>

– Interconnect any protocols or on line services

● “O” like Openness– Open standards, protocol, implementations

● “T” like Trustworthy– Security is sine qua non condition for IoT

– Today, gateway is a reasonable answer


“Talk is cheap. Show me the code.”

~ Linus Torvalds


“I” like framework

● Seamless device to device connectivity for IoT– Core: Discovery, Secure Transmission, Data/Device

– Plus profile services : SmartHome, Automotive, Health...

● C/C++ library (Apache 2.0) – RESTfull design : CoAP and CBOR

● Backed by Open Connectivity Foundation– Establishes standard, certifies of products, propose models

– With industry support (Samsung, Intel, Cisco, GE, +190)


OCF is standard / IoTivity is implementation

● Based on existing standards or solutions– Interacts with other standards: uPnP, AllSeen

● Current features:– Discovery (IETF RFC7252 / IP Multicast)

– Communication (RESTfull API on CoAP) w/ Security (DTLS)

– Transports (IP, WiFi, BT, BLE, Zigbee...)

– Data/Device management, web services, cloud, plugins...

● Today I explain only discovery and notification mechanism


“The secret of getting aheadis getting started.”

~ Mark Twain


Challenge yourself !

● No limit: sensors, robotics, from cat feeder to autonomous vehicles● Start with simplest example:

– Led blinking is the “hello word” for embedded developer● Using GPIO

– Then we can replace LED by a relay

● And make is visible by several connected clients– And notify them on each change

● Today mission: multi controlled binary switch (Flip/Flop)● Shared resource is boolean (on/off) as READ and WRITE mode


Typical flow

● Resource is identified by an URI and composed of properties– To be Created, Read, Updated, Deleted, + Notified (CRUD+N)

IoTivity Server IoTivity Client(s)Network

Registration of resource

Handling new requests Set/Get/ing properties values

Initialization as server Initialization as client

Handling new clients Discovery of resource

( POST/PUT GET )

(CoAP Multicast)


Let's develop a client/server

● You can start an Arduino project– IoTivity CSDK code is cross platform

– Suggestion: Try to make a portable project too

● Or on a friendly GNU/Linux environment:– Debian/Ubuntu, Tizen, Yocto (meta-oic), OpenWRT

– Try to Isolate platform code (syscalls, POSIX, GPIO)

– Use your favorites tools, IDE, debug, log, trace, QA


Get your hands on IoTivity!

● Get and build libraries: https://wiki.iotivity.org/build– Download sources and dependencies

● Build current version 1.1.1 using scons

– Or if OS shipping IoTivity ● Tizen, Yocto based Automotive Grade Linux GENIVI ...● Use it a regular library (CPPFLAGS & LDFLAGS)

● Look at tree: https://wiki.iotivity.org/sources– Samples apps: resource/examples

– C SDK: resource/csdk or C++ SDK: resource/resource/src

https://wiki.iotivity.org/build

https://wiki.iotivity.org/sources


IoTivity CSDK flow : Create Resource

OCInit(... OC_SERVER);OCCreateResource( …, onOCEntity); { OCProcess(); }

OCInit(... OC_CLIENT);

IoTivity Server IoTivity Client(s)IP NetworkIP Network

● Initialization is trivial● Then server create a new resource

– and registers a callback to serve client– and waits for new client(s) requests


IoTivity CSDK flow: Discovery of resource

OCInit(NULL, 0, OC_SERVER);OCCreateResource( …, onOCEntity); { OCProcess(); }

OCInit(NULL, 0, OC_CLIENT); OCDoResource(...,OC_REST_DISCOVER, ...) onDiscover(... OCClientResponse ...)


● Client attempts to discover server's resources– and finds registered ones


IoTivity CSDK flow: GET Request

OCInit(..., OC_SERVER);OCCreateResource( …, onOCEntity); { OCProcess(); }

onOCEntity(entityHandlerRequest) { switch entityHandlerRequest->method { case 'GET' : // READ current value ... OCDoResponse(&response); }}

OCInit(..., OC_CLIENT); OCDoResource(...,OC_REST_DISCOVER, ...) onDiscover(... OCClientResponse ...)

OCDoResource(...OC_REST_GET …) onGet(... OCClientResponse ...)


● Client is asking– for resource's value

● Server is responding


OCDoResource(...OC_REST_PUT …) onPut(... OCClientResponse ...)

IoTivity CSDK flow: PUT request


onOCEntity(entityHandlerRequest) { switch entityHandlerRequest->method { case 'POST: // Create value case 'PUT' : // Update new resource // handling the change case 'GET' : // READ current value ... OCDoResponse(&response); }}



● Client sets resource's value● Server is handling it

– and responding


OCDoResource(...OC_REST_PUT …) onPut(... OCClientResponse ...)

IoTivity CSDK flow: Notification/Observation


onOCEntity(entityHandlerRequest) { switch entityHandlerRequest->method { case 'POST: // Create value case 'PUT' : // Update new resource OCNotifyAllObservers(); case 'GET' : // READ current value ... OCDoResponse(&response); }}



onObserve(... OCClientResponse ...)

● All subscribed clients– are notified of the change


“I'm not crazy. My reality is just different from yours.”

~ Lewis Carroll


Microcontrollers (MCU)

● A microcontroller is a System on Chip (SoC)– Digital I/O, A/D & D/A Conversion, Serial Interface, Timers

– Flash Memory, Static RAM

● Arduino : OSHW Electronic prototyping platform– Huge community, OOP libraries, education purposes

– Supports daughter boards called shields, ie: Ethernet, WiFi, etc

● Baremetal development– main loop program have direct access to hardware

● Note that many operating system for MCU are existing


IoTivity is supporting Arduino atmega256

● IoTivity CSDK use atmega256 as reference target– Based on Atmel ATmega2560 MCU (8KiB RAM, 256KiB of Flash, 16Mhz)

● Class 2 Constrained device (RFC7228 ~ 50 KiB data ~ 250 KiB code)

– Build it using scons tool:scons resource \ TARGET_OS=arduino TARGET_ARCH=avr BOARD=mega SHIELD=ETH

– It will download toolchain, and build using avr-gcc & avr-g++

– And produce a set of static libs (~100KiB) to be linked with any program:● libcoap.a, liboctbstack.a, libconnectivity_abstraction,a ...


Port server code to Arduino API

● Adapt/rewrite platform code: sleep(sec) vs delay(ms)– Initialize Ethernet, GPIO (pinMode, digitalWrite)

● Update build scripts (tip: use Arduino-Makefile/Arduino.mk)– Note Arduino API are using C++ POO while ours in plain C

– Trick: symlink or echo “#include “$file.c” “ > “$file.c.tmp.cpp”

– LOCAL_CPP_SRCS += src/server.c.tmp.cpp

● Deploy server using Arduino's avrdure: (117056 bytes of flash) ● Use client(s) on GNU/Linux or port code for other devices


Hardware integration : DIY or Modules?

● High voltage relay (0-220V)– Signal = Base of NPN Transistor

● Simples modules, to wire on headers– Ie: Single channel Relay (HXJ-36) : 0V, +5V, GPIO

SBC

Relay 5VFinder F34

30.22.7.005.0010

Vcc 2

?

GND 2

Vcc 1+ 5V

GND 1

Transistor NPNP2N 2222A

Resistor *

(*) ARTIK10 | MinnowMax 47 OHM (yellow, purple, black)

C

B

E

o

oo

o

GPIO

(*) RaspberryPI 180 OHM (brown, grey, brown)

GND1GND1

GPIOGPIOPin Pin 13 13

Vcc1Vcc1(5v)(5v)

Vcc2Vcc2

GND2GND2


What is a friend?A single soul dwelling in two bodies

~ Aristotle


Interaction with products

● Tizen is an Operating System based on FLOSS● Shipped into consumer electronics products● Tizen IoTivity

– Tizen:3 contains as platform package (.rpm)

– Tizen:2 can ship shared lib into native app (.tpk)● For Samsung Z{1,2,3} (Tizen:2.4:Mobile)● Samsung GearS2 (Tizen:2.3.1:Wearable)


Build Tizen clients 1/2: build library

● Setup and configure GBS for :– Tizen:2.4:Mobile for Z1

– Tizen:2.3.1:Wearable for Gear S2

– Tizen:3.0 for x86 or ARM

● Build dependencies 1st : (scons, boost...)– git clone $URL -b ${branch} # (ie: tizen, tizen_2.4)

– gbs build -p ${profile} # (ie: tizen_mobile-armv7l)

● In the end : iotivity-*.rpm


Build Tizen clients 2/2: create App

● Using Tizen SDK, create native tizen project– Unpack lib and headers from: iotivity-*.rpm iotivity-devel*.rpm

– Update build and link flags (see wiki)

– cp usr/lib/*.so lib and make deploy package (.tpk)

● Adapt EFL gui and integrate IoTivity– Create UI using elementary widgets toolkit

– Use previous CSDK client (or write it again using C++)● Start IoTivity client in a separate thread

– Update UI on IoTivity events (main loop)


IoTivity hardware to hack on:

● Single Board Computers with daughters boards– ARTIK 5,10,7 are also compatible with Arduino Shields

– Raspberry Pi + hats (RabbitMax Flex, CoPiino)

– Minnowboard + lures (Calamari, Tadpole), Edison

● Other micro controllers: – ESP8266, Arduino 101, Galileo

● Yours? Tell us: https://wiki.iotivity.org/hardware● IoTivity is also supported outside GNU/Linux or Tizen

https://wiki.iotivity.org/hardware


You can even create your own Tizen device

● Since Tizen 3, Tizen:Common was introduced● A profile to create new profiles on:

– 90% Tizen:IVI (cars) is Tizen Common

– IoTivity is part of Tizen:Common

● Like “your Tizen gateway” profile– Start by installing OS for supported devices (ARM or Intel)

● Or port to new architecture hardware using GBS or Yocto


“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” ~ Arthur C. Clarke


iotivity-arduino-20161006rzrhttps://vimeo.com/185851073#iotivity-arduino-20161006rzr


Want More ?

● More constrained: – Iotivity-constrained: RIOT, Contiki, Zephyr...

– Tizen Micro (RTOS + JerryScript + IoT.js), Tizen Nano...

● More connectivity: BT, BLE, Zigbee, LTE, NFC...● Security & scale: Deploy an OCF network of sensors

– For Smart (Home | Car | City | $profile)


Summary

● IoT is not only about apps or cloud but new connections between things● Open Connectivity Foundation

– establishes a standard for interconnecting things

– Open Source IoTivity project implements it

● Devices can be connected using IoTivity:– Micro controllers are part of IoT

– Arduino are great development platforms for prototyping

– Tizen OS is shipped into today products or into your own design● And many more OS or hardware


References

● Entry point:– https://wiki.iotivity.org/examples

– git clone iotivity-example -b sandbox/pcoval/arduino

● Technical references– https://openconnectivity.org/resources/iotivity

● OIC_1.1_Candidate_Specification.zip

– http://www.atmel.com/Images/\● Atmel-2549-8-bit-AVR-Microcontroller-ATmega640-1280-1281-2560-2561_datasheet.pdf

– https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7228

– https://www.tizen.org/sites/default/files/event/gb1_tdc15_tizen_micro_profile_for_low-end_iot_device.pdf

● Keep in touch online:– https://wiki.iotivity.org/community

– https://wiki.tizen.org/wiki/Meeting

– https://blogs.s-osg.org/author/pcoval/

https://wiki.iotivity.org/examples

https://openconnectivity.org/resources/iotivity

http://www.atmel.com/Images/

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7228

https://www.tizen.org/sites/default/files/event/gb1_tdc15_tizen_micro_profile_for_low-end_iot_device.pdf

https://wiki.iotivity.org/community

https://wiki.tizen.org/wiki/Meeting

https://blogs.s-osg.org/author/pcoval/


Q&A or/and Annexes ?


Thank youMerci / 고맙습니다

Samung OSG, SSI,Open Connectivity Foundation, LinuxFoundation, BeMyApp,

FLOSS Communities: Tizen, Yocto, EFL, AGL, GENIVIFlatIcons (CC BY 3.0) : Freepik, xkcd.com (CC BY NC 2.5),

Libreoffice, openshot,SRUK,SEF, Intel, Rabbitmax, LabFabFr,Chao@TelecomBretagne,

IOTWTF attendees,YOU !

Contact:https://wiki.tizen.org/wiki/User:Pcoval

https://wiki.tizen.org/wiki/User:Pcoval


iotivity-genivi-demo-platform-20160210rzrhttps://vimeo.com/154879264#iotivity-genivi-demo-platform-20160210rzr


tizen-artik-20161010rzrhttps://vimeo.com/186286428#tizen-artik-20161010rzr