2017 CIE/IEEE/UTD Spring Technical Symposium : Smart Cities, Smart HealthApril 8, 2017

By Ed Hightower / IoT and Beyond

How IoT and Low Power WANs

Will Enable Smart Cities and

Smart Health

Brief history of M2M and the Internet of Things (IoT)

Key Components of the IoT

Devices / remote terminals / objects Wireless Networks: now and in the future IoT Backend: infrastructure, platforms, databases, etc.

Who are the Low Power WAN (LPWAN) Players

How do they enable Smart Cities• and Smart Health?

Q&A

www.linkedin.com/in/edhightower

These are my personal observations

Not speaking on behalf of any particular entity

Thanks to these companies and groups for the public information they provided

Logos shown in this presentation are copyrights of their respective owners

These are my personal observations

Not speaking on behalf of any particular entity

Thanks to these companies and groups for the public information they provided

Logos shown in this presentation are copyrights of their respective owners

Telemetry SCADA Industrial Automation Telematics Sensor Networks

Wireline Microwave Private Radio Wi-Fi Satellite Cellular

The Internet of Things will:

Become the nervous system for the planet

Help optimize our planet:

Smarter power distribution

Smart cities

Smart transportation

Self-optimizing supply chains

Smart healthcare

Industrial IoT

Integrated circuit is invented in 1958 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce changed the

world

Basis for all electronic devices we have today

1984 - Bell telephone monopoly was disbanded

Early 80’s – personal computers

Early 90’s – the Internet became available to the masses

2007 – Apple introduced the iPhone

DEVICES IOT BACKEND SYSTEMS

NETWORKS

Wireline

Microwave

Private Radio

Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE)

Wi-Fi / Mesh / ZigBee / SRD

Satellite

• Cellular is very expensive, power hungry and complex to implement and manage – plus 2G Sunset

• Wi-Fi, mesh, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc. suffer from short range and complexity to manage large scale deployments

• Private radio, microwave are not ubiquitous

• Satellite is expensive and impractical for many applications.

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)

Internet of Objects

80% of volumeLPWAN Requirements:

Long range communication

Low power transmit technology

Low power consumption

Long battery life

Low cost communications & infrastructure

Scalable system

Permits mobility

Reliable communication

18

Projected by Type

Lo Power WAN

Internet of objects

LANBT

Cellular

Source: James Brehm & Associates, 2015

of M2M/IoT

Devices

Consume less

than 3Mb/Month

86%

> 10

MB

3-10

MB

2-3

MB

1-2

MB

< 1

MB

4

%

11

%

6

%

4

%

76

%

IoT Industry Snapshot

Proprietary protocol Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz) Very low data throughput (100 bps & 140

msgs/day limit) No collision avoidance / transmits 3 times Limited two-way capability (duty cycle limit) Plan to deploy in 60 countries in 2 years and

100 cities in US (230,000 sites) in 2016/2017 Over $300M investment after Series E funding

Pros: +In deployment with a lot of traction

+Great relationship with vendors (TI, Silicon Labs, Axom)+Power-efficient: no RX circuitry so sensors consume less energy+Great for simple monitoring & metering applications

Cons: -Not an open protocol, limited to SigFox networks

-Minimal Built-in Security: 16 bit encryption-Limited use cases: not appropriate for use cases where downlink communication is important-FCC regulation: SigFox transmission is too long for the limit set by the FCC under Part 15. So the architecture in the US is significantly different than the existing, tested ones in Europe.-Potentially high levels of RF interference

Open Standard / royalty free IP Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz) Very low data throughput (100 bps) 10+ year battery life NWave won the Cisco UK BIG Competition

(http://www.ciscobig.co.uk/) One-way communications now

Two-way planned for v2.0 Differential binary phase shift keying Sub 1-GHz unlicensed spectrum Frequency hopping 128 bit AES shared secret key regime

Spread spectrum technology (chirp type)

Long range / Two-way comm. Low power consumption Proprietary protocol at PHY layer Three classes of device endpoints: Class A – each endpoint transmission is followed by

two short downlink receive windows / long battery life

Class B – Class A functionality plus extra receive windows at scheduled times

Class C – continuously open receive windows closed only when the endpoint is transmitting

Pros: +Large, influential members including Cisco, IBM, Kerlink,

Actility, and SK Telecom+Better security: AES CCM (128-bit) encryption and authentication+Flexible packet size defined by the user+In deployment, most popular along with SigFox (over 100 commercial operators)

Cons: -Not ideal for private/customer-deployed networks

-Downlink capability is still limited-Limited to Semtech-approved vendors-ALOHA-type protocol makes validation/acknowledgment difficult; can have error rates over 50% in extreme cases

Link Labs is a LoRa Alliance member and thus uses the LoRa chip mentioned above. However, instead of using LoRaWAN, Link Labs has built a proprietary MAC layer (software) on top of Semtech’s chips called Symphony Link.

This proprietary layer adds some additional features including: guaranteed message receipt, firmware upgrade over-the-air, removal of duty cycle limit, repeater capability, and dynamic range.

Pros: +High sensitivity (same as LoRaWAN): -137 dBm

+Flexible frequency/no duty cycle limit: 150 MHz to 1 GHz (both unlicensed and licensed)+Added features to LoRaWAN protocol such as the ability to operate without the network server

Cons: -Requires Symphony Link software (added

dependency)-Smaller community of users

Open Standard Ultra Narrow Band Two-way communications Differential binary phase shift keying Sub 1-GHz unlicensed spectrum Frequency hopping 128 bit AES shared secret key regime

Pros: +Great for sensor networks

+Good urban range+Open standard

Cons: -Limited downlink capability

-Very slow (100bps)-Requires a temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO)

Pros: +Bi-directional communication

+Adaptive data rate allows greater flexibility+Open standard

Cons: -Limited hardware availability

-Less scalability than Weightless-N due to wider channel-Limited communications range

Ingenu (formerly On-Ramp) was started by two Qualcomm engineers in 2008

300-person-years in-field development & enhancements

Cellular-like network dedicated to machines Deploying the public Machine Network (30 US cities in

2016 – over 100 by end of 2017 - 63 countries underway)

624 Kbps uplink and 156 Kbps downlink speeds

Supports firmware updates & security patch downloads

High security (FIPS 140-2, NIST) / high reliability

Pros: +Good technology stack

+High coverage and robustness+Gaining commercial traction despite late market entry

Cons: -Uses 2.4 GHz spectrum so more interference from WiFi and

Bluetooth to deal with-Structural penetration (buildings, walls, etc.) isn’t as good at the higher 2.4 GHz frequency. However, with its higher link budget and diversity antennas this may not be an issue.-Uses more processing power so may not fit the long-battery life criteria

NB-IoT (Narrow Band – IoT)

3GPP approved the standard in June, 2016

▪ Part of Release 13 (LTE Advanced Pro)

Can be fully integrated into existing LTE networks

Backward compatible with existing LTE networks

Low power consumption

Support for massive number of devices

NB-IoT (Narrow Band – IoT) Pros Better SNR

Less integrated noise

Better sensitivity

More coverage

Cons Radio environment assumptions very simplistic

Smartphone traffic has priority

Low latency and battery life unproven

Very accurate clock source required

A smart city is: an urban development vision to integrate

multiple

Information and

Communication technologies (ICT) and

Internet of Things (IoT) solutions in a secure fashion to manage a city's assets:

The goal of building a smart city is to improve

quality of life by using:

▪ Urban informatics and

▪ Technology

to improve the efficiency of services and meet residents' needs.

Two key areas of focus are:

▪ Transportation

▪ Energy

A city's assets include, but are not limited to: ▪ Local departments' information systems,

▪ Schools / libraries

▪ Street lights

▪ Transportation systems

▪ Hospitals

▪ Power plants

▪ Water supply networks

▪ Waste management

▪ Law enforcement

▪ and other community services and environmental monitoring

Singapore BarcelonaLondonSan FranciscoOslo

Per Juniper Research report

#1) Singapore –

Best transportation system in the world

Intelligent traffic lights

Smart parking

Road sensors

Open data platform

Per Juniper Research report

#2) Barcelona

Broad application of IoT in many aspects of city

Traffic management

Smart parking

Smart Street Lighting

Smart grid / sustainable energy

Many environmentally sustainable projects

Per Juniper Research report

#3) London

Tech hub

Good application of technology

Smart traffic management

Smart Parking

Open data

But lacking in focus of:

▪ Energy efficiency and renewable energy

Per Juniper Research report

#4) San Francisco

Smart urban planning

San Francisco Connected City Initiative

Sustainability projects

Working to implement smart traffic

Public transportation utilizing tech

Smart parking

Highest density of LEED-certified buildings in US

Per Juniper Research report

#5) Oslo

Using IT to curb energy consumption and greenhouse gases

Smart grid / sustainability focus

Smart parking

Smart street lights

Comprehensive electric vehicle charging system

Smart health / elderly and sick patients focus

Per Juniper Research report

Telehealth & remote patient monitoring(the IoT-connected patient)

PERS (Personal Emergency Response System) Tracking of elderly and dementia patients Drug supply chain management Cold chain (medicine, organs, etc.) Asset monitoring and tracking Connected medical devices for real-time data

collection and analytics

• SigFox –• Ingenu –• LoRa Alliance -• Semtech –

• Weightless SIG -• NWave Technologies –• Ubiik -

• NB-IoT -

• Ed Hightower’s LinkedIn Profile –

▪Do Google search for:

“IoT Texas meetup”▪or go to:

www.meetup.com/IoTTexas/

Q&A

Ed Hightower / IoT and Beyondwww.linkedin.com/in/EdHightowerEd.Hightower@IoTandBeyond.com

CIE/IEEE/UTD Spring Technical SymposiumApril 8, 2017

How IoT and Low Power WANs

Will Enable Smart Cities and

Smart Health