Slide 1

Chapter 7Ionic and Metallic Bonding

Valence ElectronsThe ________________in an atomTheir arrangement determines the bonding prosperities and activities of an atomS-Block they are the same as the group number Na= 1 valence electronP-Block They are ____________ ______________________C= 4 valence electrons F= 7 valence electrons

Iodine 7 valence electronsElectron Dot Notation:Instead of drawing the orbital diagram, which can be long & complex, there is an easier way to represent the atoms.

Electron Dot Notation: is an electron notation in which ____________________________ __________________, and are represented by dots around the elements symbol.

Lots and lots of examples

Valence electronsDot notationIonsIon: atom that has lost or gained an electronCation: atom that has a +ve charge (A+).i.e. missing an e-Anion: atom that has a ve charge (X-).i.e. has an extra e-

Do the Lewis structure for Cl, Cl-, Na, Na+Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic ions are _______________________________ _____________________________________________.Common ExamplesOH- (Hydroxide)NO3- (Nitrate)SO42- (Sulfate)PO43- (Phosphate)(draw their Lewis structures)There are more that you will need to memorize over thanksgiving break maybe you should start now, lets look at themIonic BondingMost of Earths rocks & minerals are made up of compounds held together by ionic bonds.Ionic Compound: ______________________ __________________________________ _________________________________e.g.Na -> Na+ + e- & Cl + e- -> Cl-Na+ + Cl- -> NaCl(#+s = #-s)

e.g.2. Mg & Cl (show on board)Most ionic compounds exist as a 3-D crystalline solid of alternating +ve & -ve ions (NaCl dia)(Screen 3.9 Coulombs law, 3.10 NaCl, 3.10.SB KBr)

Ionic Compounds: atomic arrangementFormula Unit: is the ________________of atoms from which an ionic compounds formula can be established.Ionic compounds can be represented by Electron Dot diagrams.e.g. NaCl

Ionic Solid StructureIonic crystals combine in an ________________ ___________________________.Crystalline solids at room temperature

Rutile (crystal and model of lattice)Ionic Solids: Characteristics-___ melting/boiling pts-very ___________-when molten (or dissolved in H2O) they become _____ ____________________________

Metallic Bonding:Metals have few valence e-s (1,2or3) which roam freely as a sea of electrons throughout the metal. ____________________________ ________________.The atoms themselves are arranged in a crystal like lattice. The bonding between the metal atoms & this sea of electrons is called ______________.____________________________________________________.Metal SolidsMetals can only come together when they are in their _____________. _______________________ _____________________________________

Characteristics:_____________________________Luster__________Ductile

AlloysSubstitutional Alloy: ______________ _____________________________________________________________________.E.gs:Brass: Copper (~2/3) & Zinc (~1/3)Bronze:Copper (~80%) & Tin (~20%)Sterling Silver: Silver (93%) & Copper (7%)24 Karat Gold:Gold (100%)18 Karat Gold:Gold (18/24 = 75%) & Silver

Interstitial Alloy: some of the holes (interstices) between the metal atoms are ________________.Makes the metal ___________ ______________________ ____________________Ie. _______:Iron & Carbon (small %)