invitation to computer science, java version, third edition chapter 6: an introduction to system...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE,JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION
Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual
Machines
![Page 2: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
2
In this chapter, you will learn about
System software
Operating systems
![Page 3: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
3
Von Neumann computer “Naked machine”
Hardware without any helpful user-oriented features
Extremely difficult for a human to work with
An interface between the user and the hardware is needed to make a Von Neumann computer usable
![Page 4: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction (continued)
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
4
Tasks of the interface
Hide details of the underlying hardware from the user
Present information in a way that does not require in-depth knowledge of the internal structure of the system
![Page 5: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction (continued)
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
5
Tasks of the interface (continued)
Allow easy user access to the available resources
Prevent accidental or intentional damage to hardware, programs, and data
![Page 6: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
System Software: The Virtual Machine
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
6
System software
Acts as an intermediary between users and hardware
Creates a virtual environment for the user that hides the actual computer architecture
Virtual machine (or virtual environment)
Set of services and resources created by the system software and seen by the user
![Page 7: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Figure 6.1The Role of System Software
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition 7
![Page 8: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of System Software
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
8
System software is a collection of many different programs
Operating system Controls the overall operation of the computer Communicates with the user Determines what the user wants Activates system programs, applications packages, or
user programs to carry out user requests
![Page 9: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
OS Examples
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
9
Windows
Mac OS
UNIX
Linux
Google’s Android
![Page 10: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Figure 6.2Types of System Software
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition 10
![Page 11: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Types of System Software (continued)
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
11
User interface Graphical user interface (GUI) provides graphical
control of the capabilities and services of the computer
Language services Assemblers, compilers, and interpreters
Allow you to write programs in a high-level, user-oriented language, and then execute them
![Page 12: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types of System Software (continued)
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
12
Memory managers Allocate and retrieve memory space
Information managers Handle the organization, storage, and retrieval of
information on mass storage devices
I/O systems Allow the use of different types of input and output
devices
![Page 13: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of System Software (continued)
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
13
Scheduler
Keeps a list of programs ready to run and selects the one that will execute next
Utilities
Collections of library routines that provide services either to user or other system routines
Virus Scanner, etc.
![Page 14: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Operating Systems
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
14
System commands Carry out services to… translate a program, load a
program into memory, and run (execute) a program
Types of system commands
Lines of text typed at a terminal
Menu items displayed on a screen and selected with a mouse and a button: Point-and-click
![Page 15: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Command Line Interface
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
15
![Page 16: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Graphical User Interface
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
16
![Page 17: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Functions of an Operating System
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
17
Some responsibilities of the operating system
User interface management
Program scheduling
Control of access to system and files – user permissions
Efficient resource allocation – disk, memory, etc.
Deadlock detection and error detection
![Page 18: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The User Interface
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
18
Operating system
Waits for a user command
If command is legal, activates and schedules the appropriate software package
User interfaces
Text-oriented
Graphical (GUI)
![Page 19: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition 19
Figure 6.15User InterfaceResponsibility of theOperating System
![Page 20: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
System Security And Protection
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
20
The operating system must prevent
Non-authorized people from using the computer
User names and passwords
Legitimate users from accessing data or programs they are not authorized to access
Authorization lists
![Page 21: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Efficient Allocation Of Resources
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
21
The operating system ensures that
Multiple tasks of the computer can be underway at one time
Tries to keep the processor (CPU) busy
Keeps a queue of programs that are ready to run
Whenever processor is idle, picks a job from the queue and assigns it to the processor
![Page 22: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Safe Use Of Resources
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
22
Deadlock Two processes are each holding a resource the other
needs
Neither process will ever progress
The operating system must handle deadlocks Deadlock prevention
Deadlock recovery
![Page 23: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Historical Operating Systems Development
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
23
First generation of system software (1945-1955)
No operating systems
Assemblers and loaders were almost the only system software provided
![Page 24: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Historical Operating Systems Development
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
24
Second generation of system software (1955-1965)
Batch operating systems
Ran collections of programs one after the other – every program just got in line
Included a command language
![Page 25: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Figure 6.18Operation of a Batch Computer System
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition 25
![Page 26: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Historical Operating Systems Development
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
26
Third-generation operating systems (1965-1985)
Multiprogrammed operating systems
Permitted multiple user programs to run at once
With a single CPU, we need to switch back and forth
![Page 27: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Historical Operating Systems Development
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
27
Fourth-generation operating systems (1985-present)
Network operating systems
Virtual environment treats resources physically residing on the computer in the same way as resources available through the computer’s network
![Page 28: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Figure 6.22The Virtual Environment Created by a Network Operating System
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition 28
![Page 29: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Future
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
29
Operating systems will continue to evolve
Possible characteristics of fifth-generation systems
Multimedia user interfaces
Parallel processing systems
Completely distributed computing environments
The Internet as storage and processing
![Page 30: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Figure 6.23Structure of a Distributed System
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition 30
![Page 31: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition 31
Figure 6.24Some of the Major Advances in Operating Systems Development
![Page 32: INVITATION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE, JAVA VERSION, THIRD EDITION Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ed35503460f94be4260/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Summary
Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition
32
System software acts as an intermediary between the users and the hardware