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    CIO WM Research 9 December 2013

    Investing in emerging marketsUkraine: Little direct exposure toEM assets

    The Ukrainian government's decision to suspend the EU-UkraineAssociation Agreement has led to an escalation of political tensions

    in the country, leading to a potentially protracted stalemate

    situation. The near-term outlook for the Ukraine is thus clouded

    by uncertainty, given an already weak domestic economy, a fragile

    external position, presidential elections next year, and ongoing

    political protests.

    The developments in the Ukraine are of broader geo-politicalsignificance for the region, but the direct overall asset class exposure

    for Emerging Markets (EM) is not material. The largest exposure of

    EM assets overall is via Ukraine sovereign bonds which make up 3%

    of the JP Morgan EMBI Global Diversified Index. These are of a highly

    speculative nature and may therefore contribute to relatively higher

    volatility for EM sovereign bonds than for EM corporate bonds on an

    index level, given only a 1.2% Ukraine exposure to the JP Morgan

    CEMBI Broad Diversified Index. Ukrainian bonds are not covered by

    CIO Research.

    On the EM equities side, there is no impact from any direct exposure.The Ukraine is not part of the MSCI Emerging Markets index, the

    leading EM equity index. The most important potential indirect

    impact on EM equities is via Russian equities, which make up 5.8%

    of the MSCI EM. While Gazproms sales may be affected, we regard

    the impact as manageable and maintain Russia as one of our

    most preferred EM equity markets, given its solid external position

    in a tapering environment, particularly versus our least preferred

    markets in the EMEA region, South Africa and Turkey.

    The indirect impact of the Ukraine on EM assets overall is viaRussian corporate bonds and equities of companies with exposure

    to the Ukraine. The level of disclosure varies widely from company

    to company. VTB, Gazprombank, Sberbank and VEB which are

    quasi-sovereign Russian banks along with Gazprom have recently

    attracted particular attention in relation to their Ukrainian exposure.

    We see their overall exposure as manageable. Should headline noise

    around the Ukraine persist, we would not rule out seeing a certain

    exacerbation in volatility in Russian corporate bonds.

    Kilian Reber, analyst, UBS [email protected]

    Tatiana Boroditskaya, analyst, UBS [email protected]

    Serhan Gok, analyst, UBS [email protected]

    Rudolf Leemann, analyst, UBS [email protected]

    Related reports:

    Emerging Markets Bond List, published on a bi-weekly basis

    Fig. 1: The Ukraine faces a dire economicoutlookReal GDP growth (yoy%) and current accountbalance (% of GDP), including IMF projections

    -20

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5

    10

    15

    2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014E 2016E 2018E

    Real GDP growth (yoy%) Current account balance (% of GDP)

    Source: IMF, UBS, 6 December 2013

    Fig. 2: Markets pricing in rising risks for theUkraineSpreads over US Treasuries, in basis points

    0

    500

    1'000

    1'500

    2'000

    2'500

    3'000

    3'500

    2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

    EM sovereigns Ukraine sovereign

    Source: Bloomberg, UBS, 6 December 2013

    This report has been prepared by UBS AG. Please see important disclaimers and disclosures that begin on page 5. Past performance is no indication of future performance. The

    market prices provided are closing prices on the respective principal stock exchange. This applies to all performance charts and tables in this publication.

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    The Ukrainian government's last minute decision to suspend the EU-

    Ukraine Association Agreement has led to an escalation of political ten-

    sions in the country, leading to a potentially protracted stalemate situation.

    Uncertainty is high and the Ukraines outlook is clouded by a weak domesticeconomy, a fragile external position, presidential elections next year, and

    ongoing political protests. Rating agencies have been downgrading the

    Ukraine sovereign over recent weeks, with the ratings currently standing at

    Caa1 (Moodys) and B- (S&P and Fitch), all with negative rating outlooks.

    The rating agencies point out that key drivers for the downgrades have

    been the Ukraine's increasingly fragile external financing position, based on

    rapidly falling foreign exchange reserves, as well as heightened constraints

    on the sovereign's ability to borrow in foreign currency, and broad-based

    political uncertainty. Ukraine bonds are not covered by CIO Research.

    The developments in the Ukraine are of broader geo-political significance

    for the region, but the direct exposure for EM assets overall is not material.Below, we first give our conclusions for EM assets as a whole, and then go

    into the details for EM corporate bond issuers.

    Overall impact on EM bonds is limited

    The largest direct impact is on EM sovereign bonds, of which the Ukraine

    makes up 3% in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Diversified sovereign bond

    index, whereas it makes up 1.2% in the JP Morgan CEMBI Broad Diver-

    sified corporate bond index. Given the highly speculative nature of Ukraine

    sovereign bonds, the situation in Ukraine should keep EM sovereign bonds

    slightly more volatile - other things being equal - than EM corporate bonds.

    While CIO WM Research does not cover Ukrainian sovereign bonds, a

    long-term sovereign default study from Moody's ('Sovereign Default and

    Recovery Rates, 1983-2010', published by Moody's on 10 May 2011)

    shows that, on average, the Caa-C rating bucket has exhibited a cumulative

    default rate of 23.6% over a period of 1 year for sovereign issuers. The

    Ukraine situation therefore leads to a slightly higher tail-risk in EM sovereign

    bonds compared to EM corporate bonds.

    Overall impact on EM equities is small

    On the EM equities side, there is little potential impact from any direct

    exposure. The Ukraine is not part of the MSCI Emerging Markets index. It is

    part of the MSCI Frontier Markets, but only makes up 1.13% of the whole

    index, according to Bloomberg data. The most important potential indirect

    impact on EM equities is via Russian equities, which make up 5.8% of the

    MSCI EM, of which Gazprom (1.25% of the MSCI EM) which has material

    exposure to the Ukraine, makes up 22%.

    While the index heavy weight Gazprom may be negatively impacted from

    a natural gas price discount offer to Ukraine, we expect the impact to be

    manageable (see our comments on Gazprom further below). This does not

    change our most preferred status for Russia as an EM equity market. We

    reiterate that our preference is based on (i) the resilience of the Russian

    economy and the rouble to Fed tapering, particularly relative to its more

    vulnerable EM peers South Africa and Turkey, (ii) the attractive valuation of

    Russian equities on a PE and PB basis relative to the MSCI EM, and (iii) the

    high dividend yield of the Russian equity market.

    Table 1: Little direct Ukraine exposure for EMassetsUkraine exposure in major EM benchmarks

    Asset class benchmark Ukraine share (%)

    EMBI Global Div ersifie d 3%

    C EM BI B ro ad D iv er si fi ed 1 .2 %

    GBI-EM 0%

    MSCI EM 0%

    MSCI Frontier 0.13%

    FXELMI+ 0%

    Bonds

    Eq.

    Source: JP Morgan, MSCI, Bloomberg, UBS, 6 December 2013

    Investing in emerging markets

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    Issuer views: Russian corporate bonds

    Below we look at Russian companies under our coverage and consider theirexisting exposure to Ukraine.

    Oil and gas

    Within the Russian oil and gas sector, Gazprom's exposure to Ukraine

    is the most visible. Gazprom's exposure to the Ukraine comes primarily

    from two sources: natural gas transit to Europe and direct natural gas

    sales to the Ukraine. In 2012 gas sales to the Ukraine contributed 7% to

    Gazprom's total gas sales in terms of volume, which represents around

    50% of Gazprom's gas exports to the Commonwealth of Independent

    States (CIS). We remain comfortable with Gazprom as a credit, given its

    strong operational profile, close links with the state and solid credit metrics.

    Gazprom Neftopened its first retail fuelling station in Ukraine in 2012.

    We see existing exposure to this segment as marginal.

    Lukoilsold its refinery located in Ukraine in July 2013. Existing exposure to

    Ukraine includes a petrochemical plant, where production was suspended

    in 2012 due to a weak trading environment and was expected to resume

    in 4Q13, and 5% of its retail fuelling stations. We view this exposure as

    manageable.

    Rosnefthas a refinery in Ukraine where production was suspended in 2012

    due to a weak operating environment. The company also has a number of

    retail fuelling stations, which provide a marginal contribution to its revenues

    and EBITDA.

    Banks

    Recently Russian president Mr Putin stated that Gazprombank, Sberbank,

    VEB and VTB have provided loans to the Ukraine totalling around USD

    28bn. We note that Sberbank, VTB and VEB have subsidiary banks in the

    Ukraine, while Gazprombank does not have one. Three Ukrainian sub-

    sidiaries of these banks combined had assets of USD12.1 bn as of 2012 and

    loans of USD 8.8 bn. The remaining USD 19bn are likely to be exposure to

    Ukraine sovereign and corporates, with the latter to certain degree secured

    by Gazprom's gas deliveries. We note that USD 28bn represents a mere

    4.3% of the loan book of these four banks as of 1H13. These four banks

    are directly or indirectly majority state owned and in our view represent the

    backbone of the Russian banking sector, with the state support likely to beprovided in case of need.

    VTB Bank is the second largest bank in Russia by total assets with the

    Russian government holding a majority 60.93% stake in the bank. The

    bank has a subsidiary bank and a leasing arm in Ukraine. In 2012 the

    subsidiary bank was loss making and contributed 1.7% to VTB's total

    assets. On a 9M13 conference call, held on 5 December 2013, VTB man-

    agement stated that VTB has RUB20 bn (USD 607mn) of exposure to

    Ukrainian sovereign debt, including loans and securities. The bank is com-

    fortable with this exposure and does not plan to increase it. VTB also has a

    certain exposure to Ukrainian corporates. According to management, the

    Ukrainian subsidiary is currently profitable.

    Sberbank is the largest bank in Russia by total assets and the Russian

    central bank owns a majority stake of 50% plus 1 share in the bank. The

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    UBS CIO WM Research 9 December 2013 3

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    bank has a subsidiary bank in Ukraine, which contributed 0.7% to the

    bank's total assets and 0.4% to its net profit as of 2012.

    VEB is 100% owned by the Russian government and is a developmentbank. The bank has a subsidiary bank in Ukraine, which was loss making

    in 2012 and contributed 5% to VEB's total assets.

    Gazprombank is the third largest bank in Russia by total assets, with

    Gazprom holding 35.54% stake directly and another 47.38% stake

    indirectly. The fully (100%) state owned VEB holds a 10.19% stake.

    Gazprombank has no subsidiary bank in the Ukraine. A Reuters report

    dated 3 December quotes Gazprombank board member Ms Ekaterina

    Trofimova stating that the bank has credit exposure to Ukraine in the form

    of contract-based secured lending. These in our view are likely to be mostly

    loans secured by Gazprom's gas deliveries to Ukraine.

    Telecoms

    MTShas a subsidiary operating in Ukraine. As of 9M13 this subsidiary con-

    tributed 10% to MTS revenues and 12% to its EBITDA. We note that in light

    of higher uncertainty, the use of mobile services in Ukraine could potentially

    increase in the immediate future.

    Metals and mining

    Evrazoperations in Ukraine include a steel mill and an iron ore facility and

    steel coke facility. Ukrainian operations represented 4% of Evraz's EBITDA

    as of 1H13 and 6% of crude steel production as of 9M13. In 2012 Ukrainian

    operations were loss making on EBITDA level (EBITDA of negative USD

    2mn).

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    Appendix

    If you require further information on the instruments or issuers mentioned in this publication, or you require general information

    on UBS CIO WM Research including research policies and statistics regarding past recommendations, please contact either your

    Client Advisor or the mailbox [email protected] your country of residence.

    Disclosures (9 December 2013)Evraz 7, Gazprombank 3, 7, 8; Gazprom Neft 5, Lukoil 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, MTS 5, Rosneft 1, 3, Sberbank 2, 3, 5, 7, 8; VEB FINANCE

    LIMITED 3, 4, VTB 3, 7,

    1. This company/entity is, or within the past 12 months has been, a client of UBS Securities LLC, and investment banking services

    are being, or have been, provided.

    2. UBS AG, its affiliates or subsidiaries held other significant financial interests in this company/entity as of last month's end (or

    the prior month's end if this report is dated less than 10 working days after the most recent month's end).

    3. UBS AG, its affiliates or subsidiaries expect to receive or intend to seek compensation for investment banking services from this

    company/entity within the next three months.

    4. UBS Limited is acting as manager/co-manager, underwriter, placement or sales agent in regard to an offering of securities of

    this company/entity or one of its affiliates.

    5. UBS Securities LLC makes a market in the securities and/or ADRs of this company.6. The fixed income analyst covering this company, a member of his or her team, or one of their household members has a long

    common stock position in this company.

    7. Within the past 12 months, UBS AG, its affiliates or subsidiaries has received compensation for investment banking services

    from this company/entity.

    8. UBS AG, its affiliates or subsidiaries has acted as manager/co-manager in the underwriting or placement of securities of this

    company/entity or one of its affiliates within the past 12 months.

    Investing in emerging markets

    UBS CIO WM Research 9 December 2013 5

    mailto:[email protected]
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    Appendix

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    Appendix

    Disclaimer

    Phone: +912261556000. SEBI Registration Numbers: NSE (Capital Market Segment): INB230951431 , NSE (F&O Segment) INF230951431, BSE (Capital Market Segment)

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    Version 07/2013.

    UBS 2013. The key symbol and UBS are among the registered and unregistered trademarks of UBS. All rights reserved.

    Investing in emerging markets

    UBS CIO WM Research 9 December 2013 7