Department of EducationRepublic of the Philippines National Capital Region Division of Marikina

FORTUNE HIGH SCHOOL

An Investigatory Project in Physics by:Jennifer Sumagang Leo Rojas Wilfredo Ba a Frankie Casaul Corazon Grimaldo Conie Laureano

Researchers Mr. Romeo TanTeacherMrs. Taleno Adviser

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AcknowledgementWith sincere and deepest gratitude to many people who unselfishly extended their help, support and assistance to the ultimate realization of this investigatory project, the researchers would like to acknowledge their heartfelt appreciation to: Mr. Tan, PHYSICS teacher who devoted his valuable time in reviewing and editing the manuscript and approving.giving suggestions and guidance which substantially contributed in the preparation and completion of this investigatory project. MrsTaleno , class adviser for her moral support and encouragement to them during the research process. To all teachers for their support and kind consideration. Mr. & Mrs. Sumagang, Mr. & Mrs. Rojas, Mr. & Mrs. Casaul, Mr. Ba a,Mrs. Grimaldo, and Mr. Laureano their parents for moral support and providing them the financial assistance and deep concern all the way through their studies. IV-3, their classmates for prayers, moral support and encouragement which helped the researchers realized their dream. And above all, to God Almighty, for His bountiful spiritual guidance, blessings and love

The Researchers

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Dedication

To our ever supportive and loving parents, Mrs.Mariejane Sumagang, Mr & Mrs. Ba a, Mrs. Rojas, Mr. & Mrs. Casaul, Mr. Ba a,Mrs. Grimaldo, and Mr. Laureano. Teachers Romeo Tan and Maam Taleno and Classmates. This study is whole heartedly dedicated with all sincerity and gratitude.

Jennifer Leo Wilfredo Frankie Corazon Conie

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ABSTRACT

This study aimed to find out if an old shoebox and a thick tin foil can be converted to a more useful piece of cooking equipment.The feasibility of reflective solar heated grill that is built from a cardboard box, tin foil, and posterboard as an alternative cooking equipment was studied in this research project. The cardboard box was cut and shaped.the tin foil is settled in the middle making it looks like a slide.we go outside in the heat of the sun. the barbeque sticks were placed in the spot where reflection of the sunlight focuses on the hotdog .just like a real skewer the hotdog were cooked there for minutes.tasted it.and voila.real hotdogs on stick just like mom used to cook.

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TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page........................................................................................ Acknowledgement .. ....................................................................... Dedication ..................................................................................... Abstract .......................................................................................... Table of Contents............................................................................ Chapter I Introduction......................................................................... Objectives ........................................................................... Significance of the Study..................................................... Scope and Limitations ......................................................... Definition of Terms............................................................. Chapter II Review of Related Literature............................................... Chapter III Methodology....................................................................... Materials.. Procedure Chapter IV Results and Discussion........................................................ Chapter V Conclusion.......................................................................... Recommendation................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 7 8 8

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10 10 11

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Bibliography...................................................................................

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APPENDICES Solar Cooking Frequently-Asked Questions....................................17

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Chapter I

INTRODUCTIONA solar heated grill can be built from a cardboard box, tin foil, and posterboard. Sunlight hits the reflective surface and focuses on the hot dog held in the center. Students can work in pairs or individually if there are enough materials. This is a parabolic cooker we built a while ago, so unfortunately we can't show step by step photos of it's construction. However, it's relatively easy to see how it was put together. It makes a great Physics project. Unlike most, you'll actually get some use out of it afterwards. Some of the principles it demonstrates are: 1. Optics: focusing parallel rays of incident light through the use of a parabolic mirror. 2. Energy transformation: light to heat 3. Renewable energy: solar power

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OBJECTIVESGeneral Objective: This study thru physics aims to find out if an old shoe carton box can be useful to make an alternative cooking machine.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThis study aims to find out if an old shoe carton box can be useful to make an alternative cooking machine. player is significant to different sectors for various reasons: Serve as an eye-opener for those who dont have a grill in their backyard who want to convert their old shoe box carton into a hotdog grilling machine. Provide information to students and teachers with respect to the recycling of carton box or old shoe box serve as motivating factor for the schools or institutions to direct their students and to further strengthen their capabilities for developing old carton box into a cooking grill and other processes to maximize the recycling of old carton box. Furthermore, the outcome of the study will provide empirically based information to policy makers in Ecological recycled Waste Management. (RA 9003) junk cartons are usually stocked or thrown out elsewhere .Converting these non-functional cartons does not only support RA 9003 but it also opens an avenue to develop technology in the community.

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SCOPE AND LIMITATIONSThis study was conducted August 07, 2010 to August 10, 2010.finalized in a day. It is limited to the use of carton box, tin foil. Glues, muskin tape barbeque sticks,and hotdogs.yummy. The conversion of an old carton box into a solar heated grill is the main concern of this research. The output can be done by properly assembling it.

DEFINITION OF TERMSFor purpose of clarity, the following terms used in the study are hereby defined. Hotdog - A commonly-used (but etymologically obscure) term for a sausage that is usually eaten in a bun with ketchup, mustard, and/or relish. Grill - .Outdoor cooking appliance .To cook food above charcoal , gas or other means of heat. (typically outside) . Tin Foil - A wrapping substance to keep food fresh

Skewer - is a thin metal or wood stick used to hold pieces of food together. They are used while grilling or roasting meats, and in other culinary applications.

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Chapter IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Hot Dogs rank right up there Hamburgers as the favorite summer food. However, while people can take a homemade hamburger seriously, the hot dog tends to be something inexpensive and flavorless. It's for this reason that I don't generally like hot dogs. I prefer something better in the grill. This is why it's better to put a sausage in the grill rather than those expensive fastfood hot dogs. If you happen to be one of the world's 2 billion people who don't eat pork you are in luck. There are a lot of hot dog variations out there that are as good as the original. Sausages made from turkey, beef, chicken are loaded with flavors and in some instances superior to there pork counterparts. You can usually find these available in local health food stores or specialty meat markets. There are probably as many ways to top off a hot dog as there are ways to top of a hamburger.you top your dog in this order: yellow mustard, relish, onions, tomatoes, pickles, peppers, and celery salt. I like a hot and spicy mustard. And few things can make a meal out of a hot dog like a heavy dose of chili. However you like your hot dogs start out with a good dog and you'll get something no one can refuse.

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Chapter IIIMETHODOLOGY

Materials/Equipment:1. Two pieces of heavy cardboard (like the side of a cardboard carton). The first piece must be at least ten inches square and the second smaller piece must be at least four inches by five inches. 2. A piece of light posterboard eight inches wide and sixteen inches long. 3. Twelve-inch wide aluminum foil. (You will use about 32 inches of the material.) 4. Some masking tape. (You may experiment with other types of tape.) 5. Nine inch long sticks about 1/16 inch in diameter. You may also use lengths of heavy wire.

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Procedure1. Select a long narrow box; the longer the box the more heat collection is possible. Choose a focal length between 5" and 10" and design a parabolic curve as seen in the picture. One template could be used for all the cookers. Trace the curve on the open end of the box so that it is centered and straight

2. Cut out the curve with a utility knife. Stress the importance of being exact. Measure and cut a piece of posterboard that will fix flush against the opening to the box. Attach this with tape beginning at the center and working toward to edges.

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3. Cover the curve with white glue and apply aluminum foil shiny side out. Start in the middle and smooth toward the edges. Try not to wrinkle or fold the foil; you want it as smooth as possible.

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4. Use two scraps of cardboard taped to each side as supports. Using the sun or a projector light, test the focal point. There should be a bright spot where light is concentrated; mark this spot and punch a hole for the skewer. Use a section of a coat hanger from which the paint has been removed for a skewer.

5. Enjoy your hot dog!

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Chapter IVRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThis chapter presents the data, analysis and interpretation of findings. It is in this part whereby the data have been sorted out, tabulated, subjected to statistical analysis and then the findings were interpreted. after we had produced the hotdog grill out of recycled old carton box.and grilled the hotdog there thru spotted sunlight reflections on the tin foil. We asked somebody to rate the taste and acceptance of the food.

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Chapter VCONCLUSIONOur hypothesis was right. The hot dog grill made of cardboard can really cooked delicious hotdogs which is acceptable in the real world, the cooker is cheap if built. because the materials are not expensive.produced hotdog is the same as it is cooked in the grill.We think that if a reflective hot dog cooker can be built from a cardboard box, tin foil, and posterboard is feasible that hotdog can be cooked there just like mama used to cook. We think that it is cheaper and economical since we live in a tropical country, we think that this will be acceptable in our time..

RECOMMENDATIONSOn the basis of the conclusions formulated, the following recommendations are offered for possible further study. 1. Information disseminations to the people on the proper recycling of old and dilapidated Carton boxes and other recycled wastes should be intensified. 2. People should know the values of recycling not only the biodegradable and nonbiodegradable wastes but also for them to do their part to cut down on waste pollution that affects the environment.

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carton users should be guided accordingly on how to recycle destroyed shoe cartons rather than to junk them elsewhere, because dumping them elsewhere, will eventually can cause messy surroundings. For them also to help reduce the fire which are fatal to human beings.

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BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/ http://www.urbandictionary.com/ http://bbq.about.com/cs/meals/a/aa061403a.htm http://www.google.com.ph/ http://www.photoscape.org/ Microsoft Office 2010 RA 9003

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APPENDICES

Solar Cooking Frequently-Asked QuestionsWhat are the basic kinds of solar cookers? There are three basic kinds:y

Box cookers This type of cooker has been the advantage of slow, even cooking of large quantities of food. Variations include slanting the face toward the sun and the number of reflectors. You'll find an article discussing solar box cooker designs here. Panel cookers This recent development was sparked by Roger Bernard in France. In this design, various flat panels concentrate the sun's rays onto a pot inside a plastic bag or under a glass bowl. The advantage of this design is that they can be built in an hour or so for next to nothing. In Kenya, these are being manufactured for the Kakuma Refugee Camp project for US$2 each. Parabolic cookers These are usually concave disks that focus the light onto the bottom of a pot. The advantage is that foods cook about as fast as on a conventional stove. The disadvantage is that they are complicated to make, they must be focused often to follow the sun, and they can cause burns and eye injury if not used correctly. Some of these concerns have recently been reduced by Dr. Dieter Seifert's design.

y

y

There is a detailed document here showing a large number of variations on these themes. You can also listen to a good introduction to solar cooking here. Who made the first solar cooker? The first solar cooker we know of was invented by Horace de Saussure, a Swiss naturalist experimenting as early as 1767. See this article for more info. Where are solar ovens being used the most?

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There are reliable reports that there are over 100,000 cookers in use in both India and China. We are aware of solar cooking projects in most of the countries of the world. Solar Cookers International has recently had a breakthrough in Kenya using the CooKit panel cooker. More than 5000 families are now solar cooking there. How hot do solar ovens get? Place an oven thermometer in the sunny part of the oven to get a reading similar to what the cooking pot is "feeling". The temperature reached by box cookers and panel cookers depends primarily on the number and size of the reflectors used. A singlereflector box cooker usually tops out at around 150 C (300 F) as the food approaches being done. High temperatures, however, are not needed for cooking. Your oven will cook just fine as long as it gets up to about 90 C (200 F) or so. Higher temperatures cook larger quantities, cook faster, and allow for cooking on marginal days; However, many people prefer to cook at lower temperatures, since then they can leave the food to cook while they go about their business. With a single-reflector box cooker, once the food is cooked, it just stays warm and doesn't scorch. It's good to keep in mind that no food can go above 100 C (212 F) at sea level anyway, unless a pressurized cooking vessel is used. The high temperatures you see in cookbooks for conventional ovens are just for convenience and for special effects such as quick browning. How long does it take to cook a meal? As a rule of thumb, you can figure that food in a single-reflector box cooker will take about twice as long as in a conventional oven . However, since you can't really burn your food, you don't have to watch the cooker or stir any food as it cooks. You can just put in a few pots with different foods and then come back later in the day and each pot will cook to perfection and then stay hot until you take it out. Panel cookers cook smaller portions, usually only in a single pot, but often they cook slightly faster. Some people have reported the need to stir food every once in a while when using this kind of cooker to assure that the food heats evenly. Cooking with a parabolic cooker is very similar to cooking on one burner of a conventional stove. Since the concentrated sunlight shines directly on the bottom of a pot, the pot heats up and cooks very quickly. The food will burn though. So you have to stir it and watch it carefully. Do you have to turn the cooker to follow the sun?

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Box cookers with one back reflector don't need to be turned unless you are cooking beans which take up to 5 hours. Panel cookers need to be turned more often than box cookers, since they have side reflectors that can shade the pot. Parabolic cookers are the most difficult to keep in focus. These need to be turned every 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the focal length. Should I take the time to build a box cooker out of "real" materials like plywood or glass or is cardboard good enough? Unless you need a cooker that can stay outside even in the rain, you'll do just fine with a cardboard cooker. Cardboard is much easier to work with and holds heat just as well. Some people we know have used the same cardboard box cooker for over 10 years. Would a mirror make a better reflector? While mirrors are more reflective than simpler materials such as aluminum foil, but the added gain is probably not worth the increased cost and fragility involved with using a mirror. What kind of pots work best? Ideally, you want to use a dark, light-weight, shallow pot that is slightly larger than the food you will cook in it. Metal pans seem to cook best. Hardware stores in the US usually carry dark, speckled, metal pans called Graniteware. Shiny aluminum pots--so common in developing countries--can be painted black or can be blackened in a fire. Cast iron pots will work, but extra solar energy is used to heat up the pot as well as the food, so they will not work in marginal conditions. If solar ovens are so good, why isn't everyone using one? There are many factors at work here. First and foremost, the vast majority of the world's population does not even know that it is possible to cook with the sun. When they find out about it there is almost universal enthusiasm, especially in regions where the gathering of cooking fuel and the process of cooking over a smoky fire is a great burden. There are many factors that need to be in place to make it possible for poor people to solar cook on an on-going basis. The most successful projects have been ones where the need was the greatest, the weather the most favorable, and where the solar cooking promoters have taken a long-range approach to the transition. An example of this is the work by Solar Cookers International in the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya.

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If you build a box cooker out of cardboard, won't it catch fire? No. Paper burns at 451 F (233 C) and your cooker won't get that hot.

What happens if the sun goes in front of the clouds while I'm cooking? Your food will continue to cook as long as you have 20 minutes of sun an hour (using a box cooker). It is not recommended that you cook meats unattended when there is a possibility of substantial cloudiness. More information on food safety, go here. If you can be sure that the sky will stay clear though, you can put in any type of food in the morning, face the oven to the south, and the food will be cooked when you get home at the end of the day. I'm planning to do a science project on solar cooking. What should I study? If you're planning a science project, Solar Cooker International wants you to know that your research can help extend the world's knowledge of solar cooking and be of great help to people around the world. You should be aware that it's easy to build a highperformance solar cooker if you have access to modern materials. However, the more than a billion poor people in the world, who could really benefit from having a solar cooker, don't have access to such materials. This means that your research will be most useful if it concentrates on the simplification of cooker design or on the use of low-tech, local materials. For more information, see Topics Needing Research. What resources are available online? Solar Cookers International sponsors the Solar Cooking Archive on the World Wide Web at http://solarcooking.org where you will find illustrated construction plans, photographs, documents, and an international directory of solar cooking promoters. Their thrice-yearly newsletter, the Solar Cooker Review, is also available there. An excellent document for further reading is The Expanding World of Solar Box Cooking, by Barbara Kerr. You'll find a number of audio programs that you can listen to online here. Don't forget to read about eye safety here.

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