investigation of nat attenuation ation and plume attenuation and plume geochemistry at an oil sands...

8/2/2019 Investigation of Nat Attenuation Ation and Plume Attenuation and Plume Geochemistry at an Oil Sands Geochemistry at an Oil Sands Mining 06-Oiffer

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An Investigation of NaturalAn Investigation of Natural

Attenuation and PlumeAttenuation and PlumeGeochemistry at an Oil SandsGeochemistry at an Oil Sands

Mining FacilityMining Facility

Prepared for Remtech 2006

Presenter: Alexander A.L. Oiffer

Authors: Alexander A.L. Oiffer, James F. Barker, Francoise

J. M. Gervais, Carol J. Ptacek, K. Ulrich Mayer and David L.Rudolph


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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Analytical Support: Marianne vanderGriendt (University of WaterlAnalytical Support: Marianne vanderGriendt (University of Waterloo) & Shirleyoo) & ShirleyChatten (UW)Chatten (UW)

CoCo--Authors: Francoise Gervais (UW), Drs Jim Barker (UW), Uli MayerAuthors: Francoise Gervais (UW), Drs Jim Barker (UW), Uli Mayer(University(University

of British Columbia), Carol Ptacek (UW & National Water Researchof British Columbia), Carol Ptacek (UW & National Water Research Institute) andInstitute) andDave Rudolph (UW)Dave Rudolph (UW)

Syncrude Canada Ltd: Barry Esford, Grey Kampala, Mike MacKinnon,Syncrude Canada Ltd: Barry Esford, Grey Kampala, Mike MacKinnon, LoriLoriCyprien, Karen Chovan, Steve CarrollCyprien, Karen Chovan, Steve Carroll

Field and Lab Assistance: Mike Gunsinger (UW), Rich Amos (UBC),Field and Lab Assistance: Mike Gunsinger (UW), Rich Amos (UBC), Ed CeyEd Cey

(UW), Bill Marsh (University of Alberta), Naoki Yasuda (UW), Lin(UW), Bill Marsh (University of Alberta), Naoki Yasuda (UW), Lindsay Oiffer,dsay Oiffer,Wayne Noble (UW), Matt Lindsay (UW), Jeff Bain (UW)Wayne Noble (UW), Matt Lindsay (UW), Jeff Bain (UW)

Funding from: The Canadian Foundation for Innovation, The CanadaFunding from: The Canadian Foundation for Innovation, The Canada WaterWaterNetwork, NSERC and SyncrudeNetwork, NSERC and Syncrude


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OutlineOutline1.1. ObjectivesObjectives2.2. Plume DynamicsPlume Dynamics

3.3. Sampling NetworkSampling Network

4.4. General Plume CompositionGeneral Plume Composition

5.5. Naphthenic Acid AttenuationNaphthenic Acid Attenuation

MechanismsMechanisms

6.6. Trace Metals Release MechanismsTrace Metals Release Mechanisms


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ObjectivesObjectives

1.1. Identify the groundwater fateIdentify the groundwater fateand transport properties ofand transport properties ofconstituents of concern ofconstituents of concern of

seepage waters (Primaryseepage waters (PrimaryEffects)Effects)

2.2. Determine the potential for traceDetermine the potential for tracemetal release from the solidmetal release from the solidphase (Secondary Effects)phase (Secondary Effects)


Plume DynamicsPlume Dynamics

Sampling NetworkSampling Network

General PlumeGeneral PlumeCompositionComposition

NAs IntroductionNAs Introduction

NAs AttenuationNAs Attenuation

NAs BiodegradationNAs Biodegradation

NAs SorptionNAs Sorption

NAs ConclusionsNAs Conclusions

TMs IntroductionTMs Introduction

TMs DissolvedTMs DissolvedConcentrationsConcentrations

TMs ReleaseTMs Release


TMs Controls forTMs Controls for

ReleaseRelease

TMs Solid PhaseTMs Solid Phase

ContentContent

TMs ReductiveTMs Reductive

Capacity of PlumeCapacity of Plume

TMs ConclusionsTMs Conclusions


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ReleaseRelease


ContentContent





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ReleaseRelease


ContentContent





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C

oncentration(mg/L)

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

**

*

C

oncentration(mg/L)

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

*

General Plume CompositionGeneral Plume Composition

C

oncentration(mg/L)

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

Maximum Concentrations Near Source (Adjacent to Tailings

Dyke)

* below detection limit















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent




Obj tiObj ti


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Naphthenic AcidsNaphthenic Acids -- IntroductionIntroduction















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent




Gervais (2004)

Obj tiObjectives


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Naphthenic AcidsNaphthenic Acids --AttenuationAttenuationObjectivesObjectives














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Naphthenic AcidsNaphthenic Acids --AttenuationAttenuation

Sodium (mg L-1)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

NaphthenicAcid(mg/L)

0

20

40

60

80

100

R2 = 0.94















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Naphthenic AcidsNaphthenic Acids --AttenuationAttenuation

R2 = 0.55

Chloride (mg L-1

)

0 50 100 150 200

NaphthenicAcid(mg/L)

0

20

40

60

80

100

R2

= 0.55















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Naphthenic AcidsNaphthenic Acids --

BiodegradationBiodegradation

Increasing Distance Along Flow Path

RelativeProportion

ofMixture(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Naphthenic AcidsNaphthenic Acids -- SorptionSorption

Units: mg/L

Source: Schramm et al. 2000















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Sand from sand aquifer in Fort McMurray AreaSand from sand aquifer in Fort McMurray Area Naphthenic Acids from tailings waterNaphthenic Acids from tailings water

Solution TDS of approximately 1,700 mg/LSolution TDS of approximately 1,700 mg/L

pH varied between 7 and 8pH varied between 7 and 8

Fraction of Organic Carbon (Fraction of Organic Carbon (focfoc): 1%): 1%

Velocity relative to groundwater: 56Velocity relative to groundwater: 56 67%67%


Source: Gervais,

2004

Object esj














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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56 67 % ?

jj














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Naphthenic AcidsNaphthenic Acids -- ConclusionsConclusions

Overall retardation of NaphthenicOverall retardation of Naphthenic

Acids is lowAcids is low

Significant Biodegradation ofSignificant Biodegradation of

Naphthenic Acids is not interpretedNaphthenic Acids is not interpreted

Weak sorption could explainWeak sorption could explain

Naphthenic Acid retardationNaphthenic Acid retardation

Difficult to account for initialDifficult to account for initial

conditionsconditions Constant Source?Constant Source?














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Trace MetalsTrace Metals -- IntroductionIntroduction

ElementElement Oxidizing ConditionsOxidizing Conditions Reducing ConditionsReducing Conditions

PbPb Pb(OHPb(OH))++ && PbPb2+2+ Pb(OHPb(OH))++ && PbPb2+2+

CuCu CuCu2+2+ & Cu& Cu++ CuCu(s(s)) & Cu& Cu++

NiNi NiNi2+2+

NiNi2+2+

CdCd CdCd2+2+ CdCd2+2+

CoCo CoCo2+2+ CoCo2+2+

ZnZn ZnZn2+2+ ZnZn2+2+

CrCr CrOCrO4422-- CrCr22OO3(s)3(s) & CrOH& CrOH

2+2+ && CrOCrO++

AsAs HH22AsOAsO44-- & HAsO& HAsO44

22-- HH33AsOAsO33--

SeSe SeOSeO4422-- SeOSeO33

22--




NiNi NiNi2+2+

NiNi2+2+




CrCr CrOCrO4422--

AsAs HH22AsOAsO44-- & HAsO& HAsO44

22--

SeSe SeOSeO4422--




NiNi NiNi2+2+

NiNi2+2+

















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Trace MetalsTrace Metals -- DissolvedDissolved

ConcentrationsConcentrations

Dissolved Arsenic Associated with Plume (Dissolved Arsenic Associated with Plume (mmg/L)g/L)














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Trace MetalsTrace Metals ReleaseRelease


4FeOOH(s) + CH2O + 6H+ CO3 + 4Fe

2+ + 6H2O

Some Possible Fe Mineral

Phases in Oxidizing Settings:

Fe(OH)3

FeOOH

Fe3O4

Fe2O3

SiO2

CH 2

O

Fe2+ & As














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent




SiO2 SiO2

SiO2

SiO2

SiO2SiO2SiO2

SiO2



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Trace MetalsTrace Metals Controls forControls for

ReleaseRelease

Two Controlling Influences in Trace MetalTwo Controlling Influences in Trace Metal

Release:Release: Trace Metal Content of Aquifer MaterialTrace Metal Content of Aquifer Material

Reductive Capacity of the Seepage WatersReductive Capacity of the Seepage Waters


Release:Release: Trace Metal Content of Aquifer MaterialTrace Metal Content of Aquifer Material















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Trace MetalsTrace Metals Solid PhaseSolid Phase

ContentContent

As content in solid phase determinedAs content in solid phase determined

using solid phase extractions:using solid phase extractions:

0.5M0.5M HClHCl 5.0M5.0M HClHCl

AmorphousAmorphous FeSFeS,, GreigiteGreigite,, MackinawiteMackinawite &&

PyrrhotitePyrrhotite

Pyrite & ElementalPyrite & Elemental SulphurSulphur

CarbonatesCarbonates

AmorphousAmorphous OxyhydroxidesOxyhydroxides

Poorly crystalline metal oxides, hydroxides,Poorly crystalline metal oxides, hydroxides,

monosufidesmonosufides, adsorbed metals & ion, adsorbed metals & ion

exchangeable metalsexchangeable metals

Crystalline Metal Oxides/Crystalline Metal Oxides/OxyhydroxidesOxyhydroxides &&

Metals bound in ClaysMetals bound in Clays














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent






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Trace MetalsTrace Metals Solid PhaseSolid Phase

ContentContent

* Extracted using 0.5M HCl for 24 hours

** Extracted using 5.0M HCl for 24 hours

As(mg/kg)

Min-Max(Average)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Sand

Aquife

r(Athab

asca

OilS

ands

Area)

Curren

tStudy

*

Sand

Aquife

r(Athaba

sca

OilS

ands

Area)

Curren

tStudy

**

Sand

Aquife

r-FineSand

Fraction

(Maine)K

eimowitz

etal.20

05

Sand

Aquife

r-FineSiltan

dClay

Fraction(Maine)K

eimowitze

tal.2005

Loess(A

rgentina)

Smedleyet

al.2005

AlluvialS

and(Ban

gladesh)

Smedleyet

al.2002














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent




T M l C l fObjectivesObjectives


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Trace MetalsTrace Metals Controls forControls for

ReleaseRelease


Release:Release:

Trace Metal Content of Aquifer MaterialTrace Metal Content of Aquifer Material



Release:Release:

Trace Metal Content of Aquifer MaterialTrace Metal Content of Aquifer Material















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent




T M lT M t l R d iR d tiObjectivesObjectives


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Trace MetalsTrace Metals -- ReductiveReductive















ReleaseRelease


ContentContent




T M t lT M t l R d tiR d tiObjectivesObjectives


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18 mg/L

14 mg/L 6 mg/L


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Trace MetalsTrace Metals -- ConclusionsConclusions

Possible causes for low dissolvedPossible causes for low dissolved

As concentrations:As concentrations:

1.1. Plume is assumed weaklyPlume is assumed weaklyreducingreducing

2.2. Low As content in solid phaseLow As content in solid phase

3.3. Phase association of AsPhase association of As














ReleaseRelease


ContentContent





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ReferencesReferences1. Gervais, F.J.M. (2004). Fate and Transport of Naphthenic Acids in a Glacial Aquifer.

MSc Thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

2. Keimowitz, A.R., Simpson, H.J., Stute, M., Datta, S., Chillrud, S.N., Ross, J. and

Tsang, M. (2005). Naturally occurring arsenic: mobilization at a landfill in maine and

implications for remediation. Appl. Geochem., 20: 1985-2002.

3. Schramm, L., Stasiuk, E., & MacKinnon, M. (2000). Surfactants in athabasca oilsands slurry conditioning, flotation recovery, and tailings processes. In L. Schramm

(Ed.), Surfactants: Fundamentals And Applications In The Petroleum Industry

chapter 10. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

4. Smedley, P.L., Kinniburgh, D.G., Macdonald, D.M.J., Nicolli, H.B., Barros, A.J.,

Tullio, J.O., Pearce, J.M. and Alonso, M.S. (2005). Arsenic associations in sedimentsfrom the loess aquifer of La Pampa, Argentina. Appl. Geochem., 20:989-1016.

5. Smedley, P.L. and Kinniburgh, D.G. (2002). A review of the source, behavior and

distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl. Geochem., 17: 517-568.


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Questions?Questions?


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Extra SlidesExtra Slides


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AdvectiveAdvective FrontFront

Distance

Co

ncentrationCmax

0.5Cmax


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AmmoniumAmmonium


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CoringCoring

investigation of nat attenuation ation and plume attenuation and plume geochemistry at an oil sands...

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