invertebrates starfish arthropods mollusks insects
TRANSCRIPT
InvertebratesStarfish
Arthropods
Mollusks Insects
Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
4 Characteristics that ALL animals share:
1. Be multicellular – composed of more than 1 cell
2. Be Eukaryotic – have a nucleus and other organelles in each cell
3. Be Heterotrophic – Consume or eat food
4. Have no cell walls
Animals carryout 7 essential functions to survive.
1.Feeding- all animals must obtain food
2.Respiration- all animals must take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
3.Circulation- all animals must have a system of transporting oxygen, nutrients and waste
4. Excretion- all animals eliminate waste
5. Response-most animals have nerve cells or a nervous system to respond to stimuli.
6. Movement- most animals have muscles or muscular/skeletal systems for movement or they have a way to move or circulate water for feeding.
7. Reproduction-most reproduction is sexual using haploid gametes
Section 26-1
have are carry out
with such as
Concept Map
Animals
Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduction
Eukaryoticcells Heterotrophs Essential
functions
No cell walls
Multicellular
are
From simple groups of animals to more complex groups, the body characteristics that develop:
A. Cell specialization- animal have different types of cells which have special structures to perform special tasks.
B. Levels of organization - animal bodies are organized to carry out complex functions-
1. Cells form tissue
2. Tissues form organs
3. Organs form organ systems
Muscle cell muscle tissue Organ Organ system
Section 7- 4
Levels of Organization
Go to Section:
C. Body symmetry, 2 types1. Radial- simple animals; body parts repeat around center2. Bilateral- complex animals; body has two equal halves which allows for cephalization and a coelom
– Cephalization- sense organs are concentrated near front
– Coelom = Body cavity- most animals have an internal space for organs to be cushioned and protected.
Section 26-1
RadialBilateral
Ventral side
Dorsal side
Posterior end
Anterior end
Figure 26–5 Body Symmetry
Simple
Complex
D. Similar Early Development –In most animals, zygote divides to form a hollow ball of cells called a Blastula. The blastula develops 3 layers of cells called germ layers
1. Endoderm- innermost, forms digestive tract and respiratory system.
2. Mesoderm- middle, forms muscles, circulatory and reproductive systems
3. Ectoderm- outer, sense organs and skin• Blastopore- hole that will form mouth or anus
B. Animals are separated into 2 groups:
1. Invertebrates- have no backbone, largest group, many phyla.
2. Vertebrates- have a backbone, one phylum
Section 33-1
Fishes(47%)
Nonvertebrate chordates(4%)
Mammals(8%)
Birds(18%)
Reptiles(14%)
Amphibians(9%)
Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates
The Vertebrates
1. Vertebral Column – (developed from the outer portion of the notochord)
2. Endoskeleton of cartilage or bone that grows with the animal
3. Brain encased by skull
4. Complex organ systems
Echinoderm Ancestor Notochord and Hollow Nerve chord,
Classification of the 7 living classes:
1. Class Agnatha – Jawless fishes. Lamprey - parasitic, Hagfish -scavengers.
a. Eel shaped, Jawless, sucker shaped mouth, Cold –blooded, Only have a few cartilage plates in their skull , External fertilization, lay eggs in water, have gills
Hagfish
Digests decaying fish from inside out. Secretes huge quantities of slime to defend itself. Ties itself in a knot to get rid of slime
Most important evolutionary event in animal history
2. Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous fishes. Sharks, skates, rays.
a. Skeleton of Cartilage, Paired fins, Cold-blooded, Tooth like scales on skin called dermal denticles, moveable jaw attached to skull, Internal & External fertilization
Great White
Hammerhead
Tiger Shark
Blue Shark
Close Up of Shark Skin
3. Class Osteichthyes- Bony fishes. Perch, trout, catfish, bass
a. Skeleton of bone, Gill cover called operculum, Body covered by scales, Cold-blooded, Most External fertilization
Perch
Goldfish
4. Class Amphibia – Frogs, toads, salamanders. (DOUBLE LIFE)
a. As larva, have gills. As adults, have lungs and limbs adapted for life on land. Reproduce in water & lay eggs in water. Cold-blooded. Have moist skin & usually do not have claws
Section 30-3
Adult FrogAdult Frog
Young FrogYoung Frog
Fertilized EggsFertilized Eggs
TadpolesTadpoles
Adults are typically ready tobreed in about one to two years.Adults are typically ready tobreed in about one to two years.
Frog eggs are laid in water andundergo external fertilization.Frog eggs are laid in water andundergo external fertilization.
The eggs hatch into tadpoles a few days to several weeks later.
The eggs hatch into tadpoles a few days to several weeks later.
Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, andbecome meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults.Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, andbecome meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults.
The Life Cycle of a FrogMetamorphosis- Major body change over a life time.
Tree Frog
Southern Toad
4 toed salamander
Marbled Salamander
5. Class Reptilia- Snakes, lizards, turtles, and alligators.
a. Reproduce on land by laying leathery eggs. The amniotic egg makes reptiles the first group to be well adapted to life on land. Dry, scaly skin with claws on the toes. Well-developed lungs. Cold-blooded
Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
Snapping Turtle
Gopher Tortoise
6. Class Aves- Birds. a. Have feathers and bodies adapted for
flight: Hollow or partly hollow bones, Lungs & Air Sacs, Large Chest Muscles. Reproduce by laying eggs with calcium shell. Warm-blooded.
American Bald Eagle
7. Class Mammalia – Mammals.
a. Most young develop internally and are nursed after birth on milk created by mammary glands. Most have fur or hair at some time during their lives. Well-developed brain. Warm-blooded
Brain Encased Skull
jawsBony Skeleton
Lungs
Amniotic Egg
Hard Shells
Fur & Milk Glands