invasive weed management with aminopyralid talks/uplo… · invasive weed management with...

INVASIVE WEED

MANAGEMENT WITH

AMINOPYRALID

Byron B. Sleugh*, Mary B. Halstvedt, Daniel C.

Cummings, Pat L. Burch, William N. Kline, Vernon

B. Langston, David Hillger, and Vanelle F. Peterson

Background Dow AgroSciences has a number existing active ingredients that

provide control of many invasive plant species

Aminopyralid is an innovative selective broadleaf herbicide designed and developed for the management of noxious and invasive weeds

Not a Federally Restricted Use Pesticide

Effective at rates from 52 to 120 g ae ha-1 (equivalent to 3-7 fl oz of Milestone)

No injury to cool- or warm-season grasses

Available as Milestone®, Milestone® VM, Milestone® VM Plus, Chaparral™, Opensight™ and ForeFront™ R&P herbicides

™ Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Always read and follow label directions.

Aminopyralid was accepted for evaluation under U.S. EPA's

Reduced Risk Pesticide program in October 2004

Acceptance for evaluation was based, in part, on:

– Improved control of invasive plants compared to

market standards

– Lower rates than most market standards

– Data and risk assessment studies for toxicological,

eco-toxicological and environmental fate

Reduced Risk Pesticide Program

What is Reduced Risk?

A reduced risk pesticide use is defined as one which "may reasonably be expected to accomplish one or more of the following":

reduces pesticide risks to human health

reduces pesticide risks to non-target organisms

reduces the potential for contamination of valued, environmental resources

broadens adoption of IPM or makes it more effective

Background

Even with existing weed laws, noxious and invasive weeds

continue to spread and cause significant economic and ecological

damage

Pastures, rangeland, and wildlife habitats, natural area sites often

receive less than optimum management and can be a haven for

invasive species

Not many alternatives for control that could be used in certain

areas e.g. up to water’s edge, seasonally dry wet lands etc.

Aminopyralid reduces the environmental load of natural areas, rangeland/pasture

and rights-of-way herbicides

Aminopyralid Dicamba 2,4-D Clopyralid

Metsulfuron-

methyl Picloram Triclopyr

Weed

Species Application Rate of Aminopyralid (lb ae/A) Equals 1X for Each Key Species

Musk

Thistle 1X (0.035) 8.9X 28.6X 4.5X 0.3X 4.5X

Not

effective

Canada

Thistle 1X (0.09) 16.7X 16.7X 4.9X Not effective 4.9X

Not

effective

Tropical

Soda Apple 1X (0.1)

Not

effective

Not

effective Not effective Not effective

Not

labeled in

FL

10.0X

No residual

control

Spotted &

Diffuse

Knapweed

1X (0.085) 11.8X 11.8X 3.7X Not effective 3.7X Not

effective

Yellow

Starthistle 1X (0.065)

Not

effective 15.4X 3.3X Not effective 4.8X

Not

effective

Russian

Knapweed 1X (0.08)

Not

effective

Not

effective 5.5X Not effective 5.5X

Not

effective

Weed species Application timing

Common name Scientific name

cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta Prebud

daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Prebud

hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum Bolting

hawkweed, yellow Hieracium pratense Bolting

knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa Bolting

knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa Bolting

Kudzu Pueraria lobata Foliar

starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis Rosette

Teasel Dipsacus sativus Rosette-bolt

thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense Prebud to early flower or fall

thistle, musk Carduus nutans Rosette, bolting or fall

thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides Rosette, bolting or fall

Vetch Vicia spp. Preflower

Wild parsnip Pastinaca sativa Rosette, bolting

Key Weeds Controlled by Aminopyralid

www.techlinenews.com

Material and Methods

Randomized complete block, 3-4 replications

0.25% Non ionic surfactant added to all treatments unless otherwise noted

Multiple treatments based on species– Rates and timing vary

– Each will be described separately

Some data pooled over years

See

dlin

g c

on

tro

l (%

) a

a a a

b0

20

40

60

80

100

3 4 5

34 WAT

Milestone VM®

32Dicamba

(Banvel)

aa a a

®Milestone and Tordon are trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Tordon 22K is a Federally Restricted Use Pesticide.

Herbicide rate (fl oz/a)

10

Tordon® 22K

Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) Autumn

Application (October 26, 2002)

Den

sity

(n

o./m

2 )

34 WAT

010

20

30

4050

60

70

80

90

3 4 5 10 32Milestone VM® Tordon 22K Banvel

a

bbbb



Musk thistle fall application (October 26, 2002)

Late bolt stage musk thistle (Carduus nutans)

control 60-74 DAA in Missouri and Nebraska

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ope

nsig

ht1 o

z

Ope

nsig

ht1.5

oz

Ope

nsig

ht 2oz

Cim

0.1

7oz

Cim

0.2

4oz

Cim

0.3

1oz

Mile

ston

e V

M 3

fl o

z

Cim

Max

R1

Control

Regrowth

®™ Trademark Dow AgroSciences LLC. Always read and follow label directions

OpensightTM 1oz product/acre – 5 WAT


Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

opensight 2 oz Opensight 2.5

oz

Opensight 3.3

oz

Mil VM Plus 1

gal

Milestone VM

7 fl oz

Journey 27 fl

oz

% C

ontr

ol

Applied April 29th to

24 inch plantsMissouri-110 DAA


Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control with Fall Applications

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

5 6 7 24 16 16

Pe

rce

nt

co

ntr

ol

Average of 5 sites North Dakota (2), Nebraska, Virginia, and Washington

aba ab ab

b

c

Milestone VM® Tordon® 22K Transline® Dicamba

(Banvel)

®Milestone, Tordon and Transline are trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Tordon 22K is a Federally Restricted Use Pesticide.


Key Question from Land Managers

Current Label:– “Apply Milestone VM at 5 to 7 fl oz per acre to plants in the prebud to early

bud state…..Applications are also effective in the fall before a killing frost.

Can aminopyralid still provide excellent control

when applied in a wider application window?

Materials and Methods

Locations and application dates - 2007:

– Fargo, ND – Sept. 19, Oct. 1, Oct. 29

– Eckleston, ND - Sept. 14, Oct. 1, Oct. 29

– Scotts Bluff, NE – Sept. 13, Oct. 16, Nov. 12

Herbicide efficacy on Canada thistle at different application timings -

Nebraska

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

% V

isu

al

co

ntr

ol

Sept. 13 Oct. 16 Nov. 12

Herbicide application date

Milestone VM 5 fl oz


Tordon 22K 1.5 pts

a a aaaa

b ba

b


Herbicide efficacy on Canada thistle at different application timings-

North Dakota

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

% V

isu

al

co

ntr

ol

Sept. 14 &

19

Oct. 1 Oct. 29

Herbicide application date



Tordon 22 1.5 pts

a a aaaa

a ba


Extending spring/summer application window

Milestone VM at 5 and 7 fl oz/a at 4 timings

Milestone is a registered Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC.

MN - August 25th

SD – August 17th

MN-July 23

SD- July 17th

MN- June 25

SD-May 28th

MN- July 9

SD- July 1

30 % Bud Full Flower

Fuzz Dormant

*

*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

A: M

ilest

one 5

fl o

z/A

A: M

ilest

one 7

fl o

z/A

B: M

ilest

one 5

fl o

z/A

B: M

ilest

one 7

fl o

z/A

C: M

ilest

one

5 fl

oz/A

C: M

ilest

one

7 fl

oz/A

D: M

ilest

one

5 fl

oz/A

D: M

ilest

one

7 fl

oz/A

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

+ ++ +

+ ++

+

90.2 93.8 87.2 86.2 79.2 82.6 78.1 86.6

Mean v alues below box, number of obs. abov e box

% C

anada T

his

tle C

ontr

ol

MBH0703, MBH0816

Canada Thistle Control at 4 Summer Timings

30 % Bud Full Flower Fuzz Dormant

Milestone is a registered Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC

Conclusion for timing studies

Milestone VM at 5 and 7 fl oz/acre in the autumn provided

excellent control of Canada thistle

Milestone VM provide better efficacy when applied later into the

season than picloram.

Even though Canada thistle leaves were beginning to senesce,

there was still excellent efficacy by all herbicide applications up to

late October as long as there was some green foliage.

Milestone VM at 5 and 7 fl oz/acre provided excellent control at

later growth stages (early flower) in the spring than currently

recommended on the label


Common teasel (Dipsacus sativus)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Milestone VM 5 fl oz Milestone VM + Garlon

3A (5+32 fl oz)

Milestone VM+Garlon

3A (7+32 fl oz)

Milestone VM 4.5 fl oz Telar+2,4-D (0.25 oz

pr+32 fl oz)

Milestone and Garlon are registered Trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC.

Avg. of 3 trials across 2 states.

% c

on

trol

Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) Rosette/bolting growth stage

application

0

20

40

60

80

100

4 5 6 1

% C

on

tro

l

1 YAT

2 YAT

-------------Milestone® VM (fl oz/a) ------------- Tordon® 22K (pt/a)

Evaluations averaged over 5 locations®Milestone and Tordon are trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Tordon 22K is a Federally Restricted Use Pesticide.


Spotted Knapweed Control – WI

Milestone™

VM herbicide applied at 5 fluid oz/acre - 3 yrs after treatment

Milestone is a registered Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC.

Summary and Conclusions

Aminopyralid and aminopyralid-containing mixtures provide excellent control of key noxious and invasive species.

Aminopyralid can be applied over longer period of time to control Canada thistle compared to previous standards.

Aminopyralid possesses the efficacy and key toxicological and environmental fate attributes that make it an excellent fit in invasive weed management programs.

Thank you.

Questions?

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