invasive plants 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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On the Stockton Campus
INVASIVE PLANTS
By: Alley Manalio, Erin Maguire, Jackie Kondrk, Theresa Quelch
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What Species of plants are invading
the campus?
How?
Where?
Why?
What can be done?
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What are they? Non-native plants
species that competewith native plants forhabitat and resourcesand threaten forestecosystems.
There are several speciesof invasive plants hereon the Stockton Campusfound by the previousstudy done in the fall.
Locations: Arboretum
Field next to hospital
Intermural fields
Observatory
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Why do we care?
Invasive Plants interfere with natural habitats and cause
ecosystems to failOut compete native plants
Creatures that rely on those plants will loose their natural resource
May be harmful to native creatures
May change the natural habitat of native plants
Preserve the natural beauty of the Pine Barrens
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Expected finds
There will be an overall spread of the invasive plants from theiroriginal locations.
There are source plants, where the invasive plants obviouslystarted from.
Due to large size
Large amounts of smaller plants near by, which lead to smaller and smaller, like aripple effect, with the youngest plants being furthest from source plant.
These source plants will be located on sites that were historically farms in thepast.
Obvious evidence of Invasive Plants out competing Native Plants
Habitat destruction
Vines strangling other plants
More healthy Invasive plants in an area then native plants
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Null Hypothesis
No obvious signs of the Invasive plants out competing the nativeplants
Natives and Invasive plants living side by side, neither affected at all by the other
No signs of spread of the Invasive species
Lack of specimens found on campus
Invasive plants are only found in the locations in McCormicks study, which wouldcoincide with the previous study done in the fall.
In other words, there will be a null hypothesis if the non-native species are foundto be non invasive.
Rejection:If signs of competition and/or spread have occurred.
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The Plan
Goals
Be able to identify, locate, and map locations of invasive plants on theStockton Campus
Learn to use GPS systems
Learn more about the Invasive Plants.
Research information on the plants via internet and books
Seek information from sources dealing with these invasive plants
Look for basic information about their growth habits and origins
Field work
GPS mapping
Pay attention to growing habits
Note any apparent trends
Take pictures
Create database with all available data, and allow for continued studies
Create website for future reference and education purposes
Create poster for display and educational purposes
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What We Did
Looked over the previous study in Stocktonia and followed theirmethods of GPS mapping
Expanded the search areasLook for further spread
Check new areas on Campus
Included basic height and spread measurements with each plant or patch ofplants. We had to use the eyeball method to make measurements.
Took McCormicks information and entered it into a database Added field data from previous study as well as our studyCreated an informative educational site on the Invasive Plants we found
and the dangers of Invasive Plants.
Compared all findings with that of McCormicks study and the previousstudy done in the fall.
Compared responses to invasive plants and came up with our own
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Field work Day 1
Learn to use GPS
Walk around Lake FredMapped where we found the
Invasive plants of concern alongDark path
Pragmities australus was well mapped
in fall study, decided we need not focuson this plant
Field Notes: 4/8/2011After learning how to use the GPS with
Professor Cromartie, we headed out to walkaround Lake Fred with Kyle. We had a difficulttime locating our particular invasive species at
first since we only had pictures to help us, butwe started getting the hang of it.We started along the Dark path following thepath around Lake Fred, this is a Pine Oak forestarea. At first we didnt find much, just anoccasional Multiflora Rose or Rosa multiflora.
We found several plants we were unsure aboutand decided to take samples back to the lab forProfessor Cromartie. Along the path leadingtoward the housing we found a handful ofplants which we marked in the GPS for latermapping.
At housing we stopped by a large curious plantthat Professor Cromartie wanted us to markand get a sample of. Then we headed backtoward the main campus via the light path.However we didnt spend too much more timegetting samples as it was already 210 and we
needed to get back to class, and didnt reallynotice an thin much else an wa .
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Field Work Day 2
Inspect possible areas to mapwith professor Cromartie
Old farm near Campus Main
EntranceArboretum
Old Pig farm off Pomona Road.Waszen Farm.
Mapped out areas around main
campus, nearest main buildingsMapped out light path
Field Notes: 4/11/2011Met up with Professor Cromartie and we headed
out in his van to the old farm across from theZinckgraf farm. We looked around and he pointed outeach of the invasive plants we were looking for. Wethen tried to follow out into the woods heading backtowards the main campus. We were looking forJapanese barberry or Berberus thunbergii. Wemanaged to follow the plants about 3 meters fromeach other. Each plant smaller as we got furtheraway, like a ripple effect. Unfortunately the we werehaving problems with the GPS and were unable to
mark these plants for mapping. I intend to returnanother day is possible.We headed out to the old pig farm on Pomona Road,the old Waszen Farm. Professor Cromartie showedme where some invasive plants were . He thendiscovered the issue with the GPS and we had to head
back to the Main campus, as he was meeting anothergroup.He parked in North lot and headed back via the LightPath and Professor Cromartie showed me some ofthe Japanese Honeysuckle or Lonicera japonica alongthe light path. After he left, I continued to mark the
Honeysuckle and then looked around the areas closeto the main campus buildings.
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Field Work Day 3
Mapped out some of the areabehind practice fields that was anold pig farm, old Waszen Pig Farm
Area is untended and plants are growingwild.
Good insight into true issue of invasivespecies
Field Notes: 4/12/2011I headed out to the Waszen pig farm. I started
out in what looked like an old field, and thenfollowed some old fencing back out into an openmeadow like area. Tufts of deer fur lay everywhere
along with deer dung. I spotted several invasiveplants, all of them in this one area. Lonicerajaponica and Rosa Multiflora both climbing up intoseveral trees and shrubs.I continued to follow the invasive plants deeperinto the woods, mapping every plant I could see.It was a very hard and long process as the placewas overrun. Every time I thought I had them all Isaw another that led me to another. I would turnaround with about an hour of time before class,and get the plants on the opposite side of where Iwas on the way back.The overall area was that of the old pig farm that
moved into a wooded area and a clearing and thenwoods again. There were trails along the way thatI followed. The area looked like it was made up ofmostly Pitch pine with Red cedar in some areas. Iwould assume it was the typical old fieldsuccession, which was disturbed by the invasive
plants.
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Field Work Day 4
Briefly touched area of woodsbeside ObservatoryLinks to the old Pig farm area behind
practice fields
Mapped out old Zinckgraf farmOnly a few invasive plants found along
the edges
Mapped out some of the area infront of the ArboretumArea is somewhat managed
Mapped out some of the old farmsnear Campus Main Entrance.
Field Notes: 4/15/2011Group met up today, and headed out to the
Arboretum. We paused at the Zinckgraf farm anddid a quick survey of the area. We found some Rosamultiflora and some Berberus thunbergii, butnothing too significant.We then went up the old road and to theArboretum. The arboretum, or at least the area infront of it, was a cleared field that had some treesgrowing in it and plants along the edges. It washere we once again found a little of everything. Wemarked a few plants on the GPS before some of the
group had to leave. The remaining group stayedand noticed that the trees in the cleared area wereactually really overgrown Elaegnus umbellata. WeGPS marked some of the plants in the area andnoted some unique things. We noticed that therewas an attempt to cut back the Elaegnus umbellata,
but that he plant was resprouting non-stop becauseof it. We also speculated that the weird placementof the plants suggested that they were once brokenoff and tossed aside, and eventually becameanother plant.After this we took a quick trip back to the old farm
across from the Zinckgraf farm and marked a coupleof plants there too.
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What we Found and
Learned
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#1 Rosa Multiflora #2 Berberis thunbergii
aka Multiflora Rose aka Japanese Barberry
#3 Lonicera japonica #4 Elaegnus umbellata
aka Japanese Honeysuckle aka Autumn Olive
TheBigFourOffenders
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#1Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
Previous information: Dense shrub with thorns Spreads out with arching
branches Can produce 500,000 seeds
a year New Information: Grows and spreads vine like Climbs over other plants,
including trees. Produces white flowers and
little red berries Native to Eastern Asia.
Japan China Korea
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#2 Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Previous informationGrown as an Ornamental plant
Avoided by Deer
New informationProduces small yellow flowers
and red berries
Has a single spine at eachnode , whish is a modified leaf
Has small green oval shapedleavesGenetic variations have been
favored by ornamental plantenthusiasts
Purple leaves
Yellow leaves
Dwarf size
Hedge like growth
Seems to spread more slowlythen other invasive plants
Affects its habitatCan raise soil pH
Affects nitrogen levels
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#3 Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) Previous informationClimbing and trailing vine
Can form mats on the groundHigh potential to overwhelm
native plants
New informationOrnamentally sold as a
ground cover and for its
strong sweet smellingflowers
Can spread via shoots
Can be a significant foodsource for deer, rabbits, andhummingbirds.
Produces yellow- white
flowers that a very aromatic.Used in Chinese medicineAnti-inflammatory
Antibacterial
Fever
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#4 Autumn Olive (Elaegnus umbellata)Previous informationThrives in poor soils, and can
grow in various soil typesSuppresses native plants due to
rapid growth and prolificfruiting
New informationUsed for ornamental reasons
alongside roads and in
landscaping.Used for vegetation in
disturbed habitats
Is a nitrogen fixer, which isgood but may affect nativeplants that rely 0n nitrogenpoor soils.
Resprouts after cutting orburning
Introduced from:Japan
China
Korea
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Minor species noted
Species noted in previous study from thefall.
The Common Reed (Phragmities australis)
Well mapped in previous study
Unaggressive non-natives > may be useful
for future studiesFlannel plant
Unknown Plant:
Privet?
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How did the Null Hypothesis fair?
Rejected Spread noted by ripple effect in Japanese Barberry
or Berberus thunbergii from the farm across fromZinckgraf farm and the old Waszen pig farm
Autumn Olive or Elaegnus umbellata out competedtrees in fornt of the Arboretum
Multiflora Rose or Rosa multiflora and JapaneseHoneysuckle or Lonicera japonica have been shown
to strangle other native plants as they grown vinelike up into their branches in the case of trees toget to the sunlight in the canopy
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Database
McCormicks DataFall Study
Our Spring Study:
Species Name Scentific name Site: Waszen farm Zinckgraf Farm Farm across street Arboretum Pig Farm Light Path Dark Path Lake Fred A&S Build Lakeside Build Dorm F/GLilac Syringa vulgarisMultiflora rose Rosa multiflora X X X X X X X X XFox grape Vitis labruscaWisteria Wisteria sinensisPrivet Ligustrum japonicum ?Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescensJapanese barberry Berberis thunbergii X X X X X XJapanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica X X X X X X X XIvy Hedera helix X XAutum olive/Japanese silverberry Elaeagnus umbellata X X X X XPhragmites Phragmites australis XUndetermined X
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Website
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What to do about these Invasive Plants?
McCormick proposals
Leave them alone
Removal by any means and destroyed
Excavated
Use as ornamentals around buildings
Sell at auction, proceeds benefit college
Sell to landscaper and have them remove
Establish Arboretum
Fall Study
Removal by any means and destroyed
Department of Agriculture and other websites
Removal by any means and destroyed
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What we conclude for dealing with them
Leave non aggressive plants aloneCareful Maintenance
Scheduled cutting back
Spread monitoring
Removal
By college
Might be costly
By supervised landscape contractor
Environmental staff supervision
Prevent destruction of nearby native plants and habitat
Prevent removal of native plants
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Are these plants still purchasable?
Rosa Multiflora? Harder to find, but YES
Lonicera japonica? YES
Berberus thunbergii? YES
Elaegnus umbellata? YES
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Our closing thoughts
There are a number of invasive species on Stocktons campus thatare of concern.
Since we are New Jerseys Green College, it would be in our best
interest to preserve and protect our native Pine Barren species oncampus by responding to invasive species.
In order to prevent future problems that arise from invasivespecies, we need to control their spread.
Another important point to take away is that people need to be
informed about what plants are invasive and why its important.Education is key.
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Future Studies?
There are plenty of future studies that can be done with this project More mapping of the Campus pH soil studies
Coiniciding with previous McCormick studies
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Web sites of interest concerning Invasive Species
United States Department of Agriculturewww.invasivespeciesinfo.gov
Plant Convervation Allience and NationalPark Service
www.nps.gov
Invasive Plants Atlas
www.invasiveplantatlas.org
http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/http://www.nps.gov/http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/http://www.nps.gov/http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/