invasive aquatic species on our door step: the need for ... · invasive aquatic species on our door...
TRANSCRIPT
Invasive aquatic species
on our door step: the need
for vigilant neighbors
Martha Balfour, Jennifer Hauxwell,
Alison Mikulyuk, Michelle Nault and
Scott van Egeren
Outline
• Chapter NR 40 Overview
• Education
• Rapid Response Case Studies– Yellow floating heart
– Brittle naiad
– Hydrilla
– Brazilian waterweed
• Preventive Measures
What is Chapter NR 40?
• Statewide program to
control invasive species
• Rules for:
– Identifying
– Classifying
– Controlling
http://dnr.wi.gov/invasives/classification/NR40
Chapter NR 40
• Comprehensive, science-based
system
• Classify species as:
– Prohibited
– Restricted
• Maintain watch list
Prohibited
• Not currently in state or in localized areas
• Likely to establish
• Ecosystem degradation
• Goals
– Eradicate
– Prevent from establishing
Prohibited SpeciesAlgae and cyanobacteria• Cylindro• Didymo or rock snot• Starry stonewort• Novel cyanobacterial
epiphyte of the order Stigonematales
• Golden alga• Ulva spp.• Enteromorpha spp.
Aquatic Plants• Fanwort• Brazilian waterweed• Hydrilla• European frogbit• Oxygen−weed, African elodea
or African waterweed• Parrot feather• Brittle naiad, or Lesser, Bushy,
Slender, Spiny or Minor naiad or waternymph
• Yellow floating heart• Water chestnut
Restricted
• Already established regionally or statewide
• Potentially harmful
• Eradication unlikely
• Goals
– Control
– Contain
– Best management practices
Chapter NR 40
• Transport, possession*, transfer and
introduction of Prohibited and Restricted
species is banned
• WDNR enforcement
– Citations (may exceed $2000)
– Refer matter to the department of justice
– Revoke any permits issued under NR 40
• Ex. Invasive found in a water garden.
* Possession of restricted species is allowed
Education Opportunities
• AIS Coordinator public workshops
• UW / WDNR plant ID workshops
• Boat launch monitors
• Invasive species fact sheets
Four WI Prohibited Species
Yellow floating
heart
Hydrilla
Brittle naiad
Brazilian
waterweed
Species Identification:
Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata)
• Scalloped floating leaves with yellow fringed petals
• Reproduction– Fragmentation/ clonal expansion
– Seed
• Crypsis– Nymphaea & Nuphar spp.
• Impacts– Sweden: SAV growth reduced
– France: Spread 12 hectares in 1 year
– Wales: Dominate species 15 yrs after introduction
Case Study
Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata)
• Walworth County– 2007
• Chemical treatments
• Manual removal
– 2009• Dredged and relined ponds
– 2010• 4 plants found
• Waukesha County– 2010
• Found in 2 new private ponds
• Eradication efforts start this month
• UW Botanical Garden– 2009
• Attempted hand pulling
• Drained and relined ponds
• Marinette County– Found with hydrilla
– Homeowners are hand pulling
More detail in the poster session
Yellow Floating Heart Eradication Experiences in Wisconsin - Susan Graham
New Invaders to Wisconsin - Laura Herman
Heidi Bunk
Species Identification
Brittle naiad (Najas minor)
• Annual herb, leaves visibly serrated
• Reproduction
– Prolific seed set (1 acre > 10 million
seeds)
• Crypsis
– Najas spp.
• Known Impacts
– Replaces native Najas spp. forming
dense stands
– Becomes dominant following
management
IPANE
WI Case Study: Brittle naiad
Adams & Rock County
• Mason Lake
Surveyed
– 2009
– 2010
• Storrs LakeSurveyed– 2007
– 2008
– 2010
Mason 2009
August
2010
August
FOO 9.0% 3.7%
# Points
Sampled
412 614
Storrs 2007
August
2008
June
2010
August
FOO 1.8% 0.0% 5.2%
# Points
Sampled
113 113 124
Currently no active management of N. minor in these lakes
Options: Small-scale chemical treatments: Endothall
Species Identification
Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)
• Leaves have spines on midrib
• Distinct tubers
• Reproduction– Sexual & asexual in monoecious strain
• Crypsis: Elodea spp. & Egeria spp.
• Impacts– U.S.: Most economically damaging
weed
– Florida: $14.5 million/ yr for control
– South Carolina: Blocked intakes of power plant causing shutdown
– California: Canal overflowed banks due to infestation
Langeland, K.A. 1996. "The Perfect Aquatic Weed”
WI Case Study: Hydrilla
Marinette County
• 2007
• Present since 2005
• 1.5 acre private pond– Summer- liquid Aquathol K at 3 ppm
– Fall- Drained and sediment excavated 7”
– Winter- Frozen to 11” depth
• 2008– Sonar-Q solid formulation of
fluridone (rate of 30 ppb)
• 2009 and 2010– No regrowth observed
• Undetected in nearby waters
*Home owners hand pulling yellow floating
heart
Species Identification
Brazilian waterweed (Egeria densa)
• Leaves are serrated and broad
• Reproduction– Asexual, vegetative
• Crypsis– Elodea spp. & Hydrilla
• Impacts– Japan: 5 years reached 93% of
total lake biomass
– New Zealand: Power plant shut down due to fragments clogging intake
– North Carolina: ~1500 acre feet of storage lost due to sedimentation annually
WI Case Study: Brazilian waterweed
Portage County
• 2009– Private Pond ~0.25 Acres
– Artificial and lined
– Hitchhiker from purchased plants
• Treatment– Fall 2009 & Spring 2010
Diquat Bromide (Reward)
• Control ~ 50%
• Plan to treat in 2011
• DATCP to follow up with nurseries
Photo by Paul Skawinski
WI Watch Species
• Mosquito fern, Water velvet
• Pond water starwort
• Water hyacinth
• East Indian Hygrophila, Indian swampweed
• Water spinach, Swamp morning-glory
• Dotted duckweed
• Limnophila or Asian marshweed
• Water shamrock, European waterclover
• Watercress
• Duck lettuce
• Water lettuce
• Salvinia species
Water Hyacinth
Water Lettuce
Watercress
Water Hyacinth
Water Lettuce
Watercress
Water Hyacinth
Water Lettuce
Watercress
Water hyacinth and Water lettuce
Dane County
• 2 Middleton Ponds
• 2008 – Discovered
• 2009 – Not observed
• 2010 – Total ~ 3.5 acres
• Manual removal
• Funded By:
– City of Middletown
– Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS)
Rapid Detection and Response grant
Reference: Greg Matthews. 2010. Removal of invasive plants headed toward conservancy and Madison lake.
WDNR Photo
Vigilant Neighbors
• Plant identification training
– Emphasize new invaders
• Reporting new invasions
– Within Wisconsin
– Surrounding States
– Expanding collaboration within Midwest states
for control of establishing invasives
Prohibited SpeciesFanwort
Brazilian waterweed
Hydrilla
European frogbit
Parrot feather
Brittle naiad
Yellow floating heart
Watch SpeciesPond water starwort
Water hyacinth
Dotted duckweedDotted duckweed
European waterclover
Watercress
Duck lettuce
Water lettuce
Data from USDA PLANTS Database
Addressing Pathways
• Boat trailers
• Backyard ponds
• Water gardens
• Aquarium dumping
• Internet sales
WDNR Prevention Methods
• Habitat monitoring
• Watercraft inspection
• Information and education
• Clean boats, clean waters volunteer
program
Think you may have an invasive
aquatic plant?
• Website to report species:
http://dnr.wi.gov/invasives/aquatic/whattodo/
• Contact your local DNR Aquatic Invasive
Species Coordinator
Management Strategies
• Eradication of prohibited
• Control
• Best Management
Practices
• Research
• Monitoring
• Education
Prohibited SpeciesFanwort
Brazilian waterweed
Hydrilla
European frogbit
Parrot feather
Brittle naiad
Yellow floating heart
Watch SpeciesPond water starwort
Water hyacinth
Dotted duckweedDotted duckweed
European waterclover
Watercress
Duck lettuce
Water lettuce
Data from USDA PLANTS Database
Invasives Beware:
An Overview of Wisconsin’s
(Proposed) Invasive Species
Rule – NR 40
Science to support regulatory options
1) Identify and list potentially harmful species
2) Reduce likely pathways of introduction
1) Identification of species
and regulated activities
6 Species Assessment Groups
-Aquatic plants and algae
-Aquatic animals (fish and invertebrates)
-Woody plants
-Herbaceous plants
-Terrestrial vertebrates
-Terrestrial invertebrates & plant
disease-causing microorganisms
Developed lists of harmful species –
Cannot ―transfer, transport, introduce, or possess‖
In total…
For submergent aquatic plants and algae, we are concerned about:
• 3 established species (EWM, CLP, flowering rush)
• 16 species of plants and algae not yet established statewide (e.g., hydrilla, rock snot)
• 14 “caution” speciesGoogle “WDNR and Invasives”
http://dnr.wi.gov/invasives/classification/
In addition, many species of aquatic animals, and wetland plants
2) Preventive measures
• Illegal to launch or transport
AND
• Immediate removal and drainage required
– Vehicle, boat, trailer, equipment or gear of any type
– Visible “Stuff” - All attached aquatic plants or animals
– Water (algae,
early life stages
invertebrates)
• Introduction prohibited
– Non-native aquatic
plants, algae to public
waters
Process and next steps• WI Council on Invasive Species (WCIS) created by
Legislature – advisory to DNR
• Developed process, criteria, categories, draft regulations
• Created species lists, conducted literature reviews
• Species Assessment Group evaluations
• Draft rule
• Informal Public Listening Sessions
• DNR responds to comments – revises rule
• Proposed rule to Natural Resources Board
• Formal public hearings around state
• DNR revises rule based on public comments
• Proposed rule to NRB for adoption (April 2009)
• Legislative review and possible hearings
• Publication—rule takes effect
Conclusions for NR 40
• Science plays a critical role in making good regulations
•So do stakeholders…
Thanks to many of you!
Lake residents,
Lake organizations,
Industry reps,
Educators,
Local and county reps
SAG members
•Stay tuned