introductory organic nomenclature alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
TRANSCRIPT
Introductory Organic Nomenclature
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkanes
CnH2n+2
All single bondsSaturated hydrocarbonsAliphatic or cyclic (note: general formula
changes when in ring form)
Alkenes
CnH2n
One double bondunsaturatedAliphatic or cyclic
Alkynes
CnH2n-2
One triple bondunsaturatedAliphatic or cyclic
Naming the chains
Meth One carbon
Eth Two carbons
Prop Three carbons
But Four carbons
Pent Five carbons
Hex Six carbons
Hept Seven carbons
Oct Eight carbons
Non Nine carbons
Dec Ten carbons
PREFIXES
What is this?
How about this one?
Number three?
The same thing?
What if this happens?
SIDE CHAINS
One carbon ---- methylTwo carbons ---- ethylThree carbons ---- propylFour carbons ---- butylHalogens ---- chloro, etc….
SPECIAL RULES ABOUT ALKENES AND ALKYNES
The multiple bond gets priority over side chains
Put the multiple bond in the lowest possible position