To Kill a MockinbirdIntroductory Notes

ACTIVATORWhat does integrity mean to you? What morals

do you believe in that you would never back down from defending?

Plot, Setting, & Character Development

What is

PLOT?

The main events that make up the beginning, middle and end of a story. Understand WHAT HAPPENS in a story is crucial to figuring out WHY things happen.

What is

SETTING?

Essentially the setting is WHERE and WHEN the story takes place. To Kill A Mockingbird uses the setting of southern Alabama, the town of Maycomb and the courtroom to develop the story

What is CHARACTER DEVELOPME

NT?

As the characters develop we see changes that are reflections of the plot. As things happen they learn things and move on, hopefully keeping the reader’s interest in the process.

Goals of UnitTheme, Vocabulary, Critical Thinking and History

What is

THEME?

Theme refers to the main idea and the purpose of the work. What is the novel trying to accomplish and/or teach the reader?

Improve VOCABULA

RY!

To Kill A Mockingbird makes use of many words that you may not know. If you do not know the word you will not be able to understand the plot, setting, characters or theme. Therefore, this unit will focus on regular vocabulary improvement.

Learn

HISTORY!

This novel makes mention of many historical aspects that require some knowledge in order for the novel to make complete sense. Therefore we will discuss some of the history within the novel before and during our study of To Kill A Mockingbird.

Think

CRITICALLY!

You will learn how to question why authors make decisions about the words they use, the decisions of the characters and the events of the plot and how these things tell the reader an important message.

Introduction to the Novel

To help your understanding of the novel you will be first introduced to:

Characters Plot Events Background Information

Themes & Symbols

Background Information

The Author

Characters to KnowScout Finch – (Jean Louise) – precocious,

intelligent, curious, has frequent

clashes with adults.Jem Finch—(Jeremy)

4 yrs. older. Smart, idolizes his father.

CharactersDill – (Charles Baker Harris) – 7 yrs. old, is

proud of the fact he can read. Staying with his gossipy Aunt Rachel this summer. Parents?

-- loves acting out plays,is obsessed with makingBoo Radley come out.-- is reported to be based on Truman Capote.

CharactersAtticus Finch – lawyer, single father.

Parentingdoes not come naturally – wife died of a heart attack when Jem was young. Does his best. Wants to protect his children fromugly truths of reality.What’s his flaw?

CharactersCalpurnia – (Cal) – cook, cleans for Finches.

Atticus respects her opinion, expects children to mind her as they would a mother – she IS their mother figure. Has a family of her own.-- has frequent conflicts with Scout.

CharactersBob Ewell – Chief antagonist – “trash” –

spends his welfare money on whiskey instead of food for his 8 children. Wife gone. Daughter Mayella accuses Tom Robinson of rape.

CharactersTom Robinson – accused of raping Mayella.

Has a wife and children. His trial will be

centerpiece of 2nd half of book.

CharactersBoo Radley – 30s – has not been seen since

he committed a violent action against his

father asa teenager. He is “the malevolent

phantom” ofthe first half of the book; plot revolves

around children making contact.

Introduction to the Novel

Plot Sequence

The “Boo Radley” Plot

Introduction to the characters including the Finch family history, “Scout” and Jem, “Dill” Harris and the interesting history of Arthur “Boo” Radley

Development of the children’s antics in their pursuit of “Boo” Radley, which includes dares and games to get his attention. During this part Atticus Finch warns the children to not judge “Boo” – they need to live life in his shoes.

Children trespass on Radley property and are shot at, causing Jem to lose his pants. This further develops “Boo’s” character as we witness his actions.

Introduction to the NovelPlot Sequence

The “Tom Robinson” Plot

A white woman, Mayella Ewell, is raped. She accuses Tom Robinson, a black man. Atticus Finch agrees to defend Robinson, which angers and upsets Maycomb.

Maycomb is furious about trial and collectively wants to lynch Robinson. Finch faces uphill battle based on black’s position in society.

Trial becomes one-sided despite clear evidence in favour of Robinson. Robinson was in relationship with Ewell according to factual evidence but nonetheless, Robinson found guilt and sentenced to death. Robinson, clearly innocent, tries to escape the jail and is shot to death

Ewell family attacks the Finch family due to the “shame and humilation” Atticus Finch subjected them to during the trial..

Introduction to the NovelPlot Sequence

Connecting the Two Plots

Over the course of the novel, Dill, “Scout” and Jem continue to build a relationship with “Boo” Radley, trying to get him to come out of the house during the day

After the trial of Tom Robinson, the actions of Bob Ewell, (father of “victim” Mayella Ewell, progress from menacing the Finch family to breaking into the judge’s house until he finally attacks Jem and “Scout”.

“Boo” Radley save Jem and “Scout” and Bob Ewell dies. “Boo” is then forced to return to hiding in the Radley house

“Scout” finally understands what her father said about not judging a person and this reinforces her belief in the ultimate goodness of man.

Introduction to the NovelExploring Themes

• Moral reasoning by Atticus Finch• Acts of “Boo” Radley • Loss of innocence• Acts of the Ewell family: deception,

harassment, lies and violence

Good vs. Evil

• Perspective: Life in someone else’s shoes

• Atticus Finch defending Tom Robinson• “Boo” Radley and his background

Morals: Right and Wrong

• The treatment of Tom Robinson• Racial divide between blacks and

whites during time period• Treatment of whites who defend

blacks

Social Inequality, Racism and

Discrimination

Introduction to the NovelExploring Symbols

SYMBOL:A word or object that represents another word or object

…Be on the lookout for:

Small-Town Life

“Boo” Radley

Mockingbirds / Birds

What do these symbols represent!?

Introduction to the NovelBackground Information

To Kill A Mockingbird includes several references to historical events. Knowing some information about this events is important for understanding the novel.

Introduction to the NovelBackground Information

GREATDEPRESSION

A period of extreme drought, poverty and hardships during

the 1930s.

25% of population had no job

Even those with jobs were affected because nothing was being produced

Average family income dropped to 50% by 1935

Hundreds of thousands lost homes, farms and possessions

Stock Market Crash caused people to lose billions. Entire banks were wiped out and by 1933 over 60% of population was considered poor

The novel takes place during the mid-1930s at a time when the government was attempting to stop the Great Depression. The President at the time, Franklin Roosevelt, famously said, “the only thing to fear is fear itself” as his government created programs to create jobs, house the homeless and feed the starving.

Introduction to the NovelBackground Information

Racism and Social Classes

Although slavery was abolished in the 1890s racism and discrimination were alive and well during the time of the novel.

The novel is based on many historical facts that help to drive the story, (and allow the readers to explore a sad time in American history) including:

Jim Crow Laws (1890s – 1960s)

Scottsboro Trials (1931)

Social Inequality (Forever)

Introduction to the NovelBackground Information

Social Inequality Wealthy

White Town/Countr

y People

“White Trash”

Black People

The Finches

White folks of Maycomb &Maycomb County

The Ewell Family

Tom Robinson

Even the law was one-sided: Juries were always all-white and all-male. The word of a black man meant nothing against the word of a white man.

Introduction to the Novel

About the Author

To Kill A Mockingbird is semi-autobiographical for a number of reasons:

Lee grew up in Alabama

Father was prominent lawyer

Experienced Great Depression, Scottsboro Trials

“Scout” based on her life; “Dill” based on life of childhood friend Truman Capote

Things to Consider While Reading

The first time you read the novel should be to get a general idea of the setting, characters, plot and themes. However, because this

novel can be difficult you are provided with some things to think about while reading that will help

you understand the novel.

Things to Consider While Reading

Important Quotes

As you read be on the lookout for these important quotes from the novel:

“You never really understand a person

until you consider things from his

point of view . . . until you climb into

his skin and walk around in it.”

-Atticus

Finch

“Remember it's a sin to kill a

mockingbird.” That was the only

time I ever heard Atticus say it

was a sin to do something, and I

asked Miss Maudie about it.

“Your father's right,” she said.

“Mockingbirds don't do one

thing but make music for us to

enjoy . . . but sing their hearts

out for us. That's why it's a sin to

kill a mockingbird.”

“Why reasonable people go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up, is something I don't pretend to understand… I just hope that Jem and Scout come to me for their answers instead of listening to the town. I hope they trust me enough…” -Atticus Finch

“Neighbours bring food with

death, and flowers with

sickness, and little things in

between. Boo was our

neighbour. He gave us two

soap dolls, a broken watch

and chain, a knife, and our

lives.”

-”Scout”

Finch