introductiont to is_and_mis

Introduction to

Management of Information Systems(MIS)

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Outline

• Management of Information Technology &

Systems

• Data, Information, Knowledge

• Data, Information, Knowledge and Occupations

• Information Technology and Information System

• Putting on Information System Lenses

• Management Topics, Information Systems, and

Cases

• Organization-Systems Trajectory at Mead-

Westvaco

Information Systems

Why Do People Need Information?

Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

Data, Information, and Systems

Data vs. Information

Data A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a

picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information

Information Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulation

Data, Information,and Systems

Data Manipulation

Example: customer survey Reading through data collected from a customer

survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.

When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.


Generating Information Computer-based ISs take data as raw

material, process it, and produce information as output.

Figure 1.1 Input-process-output

Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information


Information in Context


What Is a System? System: A set of components that work

together to achieve a common goal

Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal

Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems

Open system: System that interfaces with other systems


Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.


Information and Managers

Systems thinking Creates a framework for problem solving and

decision making. Keeps managers focused on overall goals and

operations of business.


Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy


The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy

Synergy When combined resources produce output that

exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately

Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data


Figure 1.6 Components of an information system


The Four Stages of Data Processing

Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

Output: Information is displayed or presented.

Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.

Why Study IS?

Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning

(ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know

how to use information technology.

Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy Key to full participation in western

society

Ethical and Societal Issues

The Not-So-Bright Side Consumer Privacy

Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.

Employee Privacy IT supports remote monitoring of employees,

violating privacy and creating stress.

Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side

Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,

intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--

unlike other professions.

Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC;

less than 3% have Internet access.

1. Data,2. Information,3. Knowledge

• Relationships – simple just in textbooks

Data (Letters, numbers, graphics…

Representing reality and knowledge)

Information(Data understood,

meaning)

Knowledge(Complex cognitive entity;

cause-effect theories, vocabularies/conceptual

maps, know-how, experience)

Domain of Technology

Domain of Human Brain

More…

• Knowledge is also embedded in computer software! (e.g., math operations in Excel, procedures in Accounting IS, decision trees in Expert Systems)

In plain English,

• we often do not differentiate between data, information and knowledge,

simply calling it all “information”.

Data, Information, Knowledge and Occupations

Professionals

Clerks

Information

Know

ledge

Data

Managers

• Where the primary focus of job is.

• What do we mean by "IT"?

Any tool for manipulating data, information

- electronic: computer software and hardware - our

focus

_Concept of Information Technology (IT)

- paper: documents, filing techniques… - still there, gradually transformed into electronic

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Concept of Information System (IS, system)

Information Technology (IT)

(Computers, Other)

Users(Organizational members:

Managers, Professionals, Clerks)

• Data (organized, meaningful)

• Representations

ofKnowledge

Use Procedure

s

InformationSystem (IS)

Use

Information, Knowledge-----------------

Task, Business ProcessPerform on

Supports

• In plain English, we often do not differentiate between data, information and knowledge, simply calling it all “information”.• We often use term “technology” to refer to either IT or IS.

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Putting on Information System Lenses

EBrainstorm

• What is the frequent (or important) task or process you work on?

• What information is part of your work?

• Is something missing in your information/technology?

First part ofAnalytical Processaddressed

• How is this information supported by technology?

.

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Management of Information Technology & Systems

• Management of information technology (IT) and information systems

(IS, systems) is similar to “Management Information Systems” (MIS): Utilizing IT/IS and information these support to solve business problems and support organizational performance.

More…

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• MIS is about managing IT/IS to accomplish- Strategic goals (organizational effectiveness),

and - Operational objectives (efficiency/productivity in daily operations)

• Two levels of analysis:

- IT/IS as asset, “strategic weapon”, “nervous system” (strategic level) vs. tool, commodity (operational level)

Management of Information Technology & Systems

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• Electronic Commerce (Buying & selling via Internet), Demand pull; Sales & manufacturing systems innovation and integration, Supply chain systems innovation

• Knowledge management, communication, hierarchy “demise”;

Communication and Document management systems innovation

• Efficiency & effectiveness driven organizational change, Teamwork,

internal/external process improvement, any time/space-operations; groupware, distributed systems, computer networks, enterprise systems, transaction processing/reporting systems

Management Topics , Information Systems, and Cases

Compaq/

Dell,

Healthcare

Exchange

DrKW,

Accenture

Mapping intoOur Teaching Cases:

Xerox HK,

Clearwater,

PPC, MNP

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Putting MIS Themes Together

IT (Computer Software & Hardware)

Data (organized, meaningful)

Procedures of Handling IT and Data

Professionals,Clerks, Managers

Adopt, Use

SystemDesign & Development

Provide SystemRequirements

• Define strategic and operational targets, and role of technology

• Manage people, work, time and money in system use, development, and adoption• Evaluate relationships b/w Users--System and System--Organizational Performance

IS Dept.

Design & Build

Vendors

Managers:

Task, Proces

s---

Infor-matio

n

Productivity?

StrategyAccomplishment?

Warning : Ethical and Societal Issues

The Not-So-Bright Side Consumer Privacy

Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.

Employee Privacy IT supports remote monitoring of employees,

violating privacy and creating stress.

Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side

Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,

intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--

unlike other professions.

Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC;

less than 3% have Internet access.

Questions ?

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