introduction what is a verb? © 2011 jaime cabrera, english language services, binus international...
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A VERB?
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Summary: VERB FUNCTIONS• A verb is a word used to show action.• A verb is a word used to show being.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Summary: VERB FORMS
1. The form of the verb is changed by:• The PERSON involved• The NUMBER of persons involved• The TENSE or time of action2. A verb can be alone or with a helping verb. • ALONE: The verb can change in form.• WITH A HELPING VERB: the helping verb
changes.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
USES OF VERBS
TO SHOW THE STATUS OF ACTIONSTO SHOW THE STATE OF BEING
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
VERBS OF ACTION
SHOW THE STATUS OF ACTIONS
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
The Status of Actions
• FREQUENCY: HOW OFTEN– It happens once– It happens regularly – It happens repeatedly
• TIME: WHEN– It is happening now– It happened in the past– It will happen in the future
VERBS OF ACTION: EXAMPLES
SHOWING TIME OF ACTIONSHOWING FREQUENCY OF ACTION
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
SENTENCE FREQUENCY TIME
To exercise, I run on sunny mornings. Repeated
Presently true, but not
happening right now
It hides when I sing. Repeated
He plans roads for rich countries. Repeated
The sun rises in the east. Regular
The new heart beats 120 times per minute. Regular
We pray whenever we feel extreme fear. Repeated
She uses eggs to make macaroni salad. Repeated
Using Verbs: Simple Present TenseTO EXPRESS GENERAL TRUTHS
CLUE: Regular actions are natural phenomena with a repetition pattern.Repeated actions do not always happen; they happen sometimes.
SENTENCE FREQUENCY TIME
Come and eat with us. One-time event Future
x One-time event Future
We appreciate your chivalry. One-time event Present
I see that you are confused. One-time event Present
He misses his family. Repeated eventTrue at present, but
not necessarily happening right now
The baby speaks in gibberish. Repeated event
x Repeated event
Using Verbs: Simple Present Tense TO SHOW PRESENT OR FUTURE EVENTS
CLUE: Regular actions are natural phenomena with a repetition pattern.Repeated actions do not always happen; they happen sometimes.
SENTENCE FREQUENCY TIME
Then we will touch the red button. One-time event Future
I will dream tonight. One-time event Future
We will see a solar eclipse twice this year. One-time event Future
x One-time event Future
x Repeated event Future
x Repeated event Future
x Repeated event Future
Using Verbs: Future TenseTO SHOW ONE-TIME OR REPEATED EVENTS
CLUE: Regular actions are natural phenomena with a repetition pattern.Repeated actions do not always happen; they happen sometimes.
SENTENCE FREQUENCY TIME
We tasted that last year. One-time event Past
I thought you called them. One-time event Past
It ate until it burst. One-time event Past
She sliced the cake. One-time event Past
He edited the paper for ten years. Repeated event Past
They listened to her when she was rich. Repeated event Past
We had turkey once a year. Repeated event Past
Using Verbs: Past TenseTO SHOW ONE-TIME OR REPEATED EVENTS
CLUE: Regular actions are natural phenomena with a repetition pattern.Repeated actions do not always happen; they happen sometimes.
Verbs of Action: SUMMARY
CAN BE USED TO SHOW TIME OF ACTION• PAST ACTION• PRESENT ACTION • FUTURE ACTION
CAN BE USED TO SHOW FREQUENCY OF ACTION• ONE-TIME ACTION • REPEATED ACTION • REGULAR ACTION
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Verbs of Action: EXERCISE
SHOW TIME OF ACTION• PAST: • PRESENT:• FUTURE:
SHOW FREQUENCY OF ACTION• ONE-TIME• REPEATED• REGULAR
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
USES OF VERBS
TO SHOW STATUS OF ACTIONSTO SHOW STATES OF BEING
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
VERBS OF BEING: AM, IS, ARE
1. SHOW A STATE OF BEING or EXISTENCE, 2. SHOW A STATE OF FEELING,3. SHOW A STATE OF DISORDER or SICKNESS, 4. SHOW A STATE OF THE CLIMATE or WEATHER
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Examples: Verbs of Being SHOW A STATE OF EXISTENCE, DISORDER, FEELING, CLIMATE
• EXISTENCE – The water is hot. (STATUS: Present)• EXISTENCE – We were here. (STATUS: Past)• DISORDER – I am sick. (STATUS: Present)• DISORDER – She is deaf. (STATUS: Always)• FEELING – You are happy. (STATUS: Present)• FEELING – He is in love. (STATUS: Present)• CLIMATE – It was raining. (STATUS: Past)• CLIMATE– It is cold in October. (STATUS: Always)
NOTE: Verbs of being have two words: helping verb and main verb.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Compare Verbs: Action VS Being
ACTION VERBS• RUN – I run every morning.• TOUCH – We touch things.• LISTEN – They listen to her.• READ – Let’s read now.• TASTE – Don’t taste that.• PLAN – He plans roads.• THINK – We think that’s ok.• DREAM – I dream of you.
BEING VERBS• SICK – I am sick.• RAIN – It is raining.• COLD – It is cold in October.• HOT – The water is hot.• HAPPY – You are happy.• IN LOVE – He is in love.• DEAF – She is deaf.• HERE – We are here.
All verbs are underlined. The main verb is in blue. The helping verb to be is in red.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
TEST WARNINGCONFUSED BY BEING AND ACTION VERBS?
CLUE: Verbs of being use the helping verb to be. Action verbs don’t.
CLUE: When you are confused, ask yourself : is the helping verb a form of the verb to be?
YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip this?Forms of the verb to be
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
The verb to be: NUMBER FORMSSINGULAR
One person does the action
I am eating.You alone are eating.
He is eating.She is eating.It is eating.
PLURAL Many persons do the action
We are eating.All of you are eating.
They are eating.
The plural form is the same but the singular has different forms. What is an easy rule to remember?
YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip the rule?
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
The Rule of Number
The plural and singular forms are the same except the 1st and 3rd person singular.
You know the 1st, 2nd and 3rd person pronouns.
YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip this?Person Pronouns
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
The PronounsPERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1ST PERSON I WE
2ND PERSON YOU YOU
3RD PERSON HE SHE IT THEY
The 2nd person plural and singular are the same.The rest are different.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
The Person Forms of to be
Now you know the personal pronouns, you can use them with the verb to be.
YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip this?Person Forms of the verb to be
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
The Verb to bePERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1ST AM ARE
2ND ARE ARE
3RD IS ARE
The plural and singular forms are the same except the 1st and 3rd person singular.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
HOW TO USE IT
WITH EXAMPLES
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
The verb to be: HOW TO USE IT
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
PERSON NUMBER EXAMPLE ACTION DONE BY
1ST PERSON
SINGULAR I am eating. THE PERSON WHO IS SPEAKING
PLURAL We are eating. THE PERSONS WHO ARE SPEAKING
2ND PERSON
SINGULAR You alone are eating. THE ONE I’M TALKING TO
PLURAL All of you are eating. THE ONES I’M TALKING TO
3RD PERSON
SINGULAR
He is eating.
THE ONE WE’RE TALKING ABOUT
Male
She is eating. Female
It is eating. No gender
PLURAL They are eating. THE ONES WE’RE TALKING ABOUT
The Verb To Be
A SHORT REVIEW
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Review
SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONS• A verb is a word used to show action.• A verb is a word used to show being.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
ReviewSUMMARY OF FORM
1. The form of the verb is changed by:– Person involved– Number of persons involved– Tense or time of action
2. A verb can be alone or with a helping verb. – When alone, the verb can change in form.– With a helping verb, only the helping verb
changes.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
THE VERB TO BE IS USED TO SHOW:1. STATE OF EXISTENCE or BEING
You are a genius, yes, but I am a famous movie star.He is happy because they are gone.
2. STATE OF SICKNESS, DISORDER or CONDITIONThis bed is dirty but that room is clean.Although the trees are dead, my plants are healthy.
3. STATE OF WEATHER OR CLIMATEJune is hot, though it is cooler in the afternoons.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
REVIEW
1. Words that do not show action are not verbs.2. Words that do not show being are not verbs.3. A verb is a word that shows a state or status.4. It can be a state of action, or a state of being.5. Verbs that show being have a helping verb.6. The 3 helping verbs are: am, is, and are.7. Verb forms are changed by the person, the
number of persons, and the time.8. The helping verb changes; the verb doesn’t.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Test Yourself: RETENTION1. A verb is a word that shows a state or status.2. It can be a state of action or a state of being.3. Words that do not show action are not verbs.4. Words that do not show being are not verbs.5. Verbs that show being have a helping verb.6. The three helping verbs are: am, is, and are.7. Verb forms are changed by the person, 8. the number of persons involved, and 9. the time.10.It is the helping verb that changes; the verb doesn’t.
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
Test Yourself: APPLICATIONTEST YOURSELF
1. I kiss the winner each year.2. A kiss can be a bad thing.3. I am kissing your hand.4. It tastes bad.5. That smells good.6. Please smell the flowers.7. I will taste your food.8. I will give you a kiss.9. That’s the smell of home.10. I like that color.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
• ACTION• BEING• NOT A VERB
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA
HOW TO USE VERBS
THAT IS THE END OF THE LECTURETHANK YOU
© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA