2018 Annual incident statisticsVICTORIAN TRAM OPERATORS

Released October 2019

Published by Transport Safety VictoriaLevel 15, 121 Exhibition StreetMelbourne, Victoria 3000Telephone: 1800 223 022

Copyright State Government of Victoria 2019.

This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).

Authorised by the Victorian Government, Melbourne.

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ContentsIntroduction ............................................................................................................................... 5

1. Executive summary............................................................................................................52. Reporting requirements in Victoria.....................................................................................53. Changes to information......................................................................................................64. Definitions...........................................................................................................................64.1. Serious injury...................................................................................................................64.2. Person type.....................................................................................................................64.3. Collision...........................................................................................................................74.4. Derailment.......................................................................................................................74.5. Suspected suicide or attempted suicide..........................................................................74.6. Broken rail.......................................................................................................................7

Descriptive statistics ................................................................................................................. 8

5. Tram - Occurrences with injuries........................................................................................85.1. Fatalities by person type.................................................................................................85.2. Fatalities by occurrence type...........................................................................................85.3. Serious injuries by person type.......................................................................................95.4. Serious injuries by occurrence type..............................................................................105.5. Serious injuries by classification and person type.........................................................105.6. Serious injuries details..................................................................................................115.7. Passenger serious injuries by age group......................................................................136. Tram - Occurrences.........................................................................................................146.1. Running line derailment.................................................................................................146.2. Collision between trams................................................................................................156.3. Collision with person.....................................................................................................166.4. Collision with infrastructure...........................................................................................176.5. Collision with road vehicle.............................................................................................186.6. Slip, trip or fall on tram..................................................................................................196.7. Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface.....................................................................206.8. Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail...................................................216.9. Fire on tram...................................................................................................................22

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ChartsChart 1 - Fatalities by person type............................................................................................8Chart 2 - Serious injuries by person type..................................................................................9Chart 3 - Passenger serious injuries by age group.................................................................13Chart 4 - Running line derailment...........................................................................................14Chart 5 - Collision between trams...........................................................................................15Chart 6 - Collision with person................................................................................................16Chart 7 - Collision with infrastructure......................................................................................17Chart 8 - Collision with road vehicle........................................................................................18Chart 9 - Slip, trip or fall on tram.............................................................................................19Chart 10 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface..............................................................20Chart 11 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail............................................21Chart 12 - Fire on tram............................................................................................................22

TablesTable 1 - Metropolitan tram patronage in millions.....................................................................5Table 14 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface..............................................................20Table 15 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail............................................21Table 16 - Fire on tram...........................................................................................................22

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Introduction1. Executive summaryThis document provides an overview of tram incident statistics for Victoria up to the end of the calendar year 2018. The performance shown in this document should be considered against a background of increased patronage and tram travel distance.

Over the past five years, metropolitan tram patronage has increased by 18.5% over the period between 2014 and 2018, with 173.4 million passenger boarding journeys in 2014 and 205.5 million passenger boarding journeys in 20181.

Table 1 - Metropolitan tram patronage in millions

Data 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Passenger Boarding 173.4 192.5 207.8 205.

5 205.5

Where information is available, trends are typically shown using average numbers over the preceding five years. For example, the five year moving average figure for 2014 is the average of values for the years 2010 to 2014, while the moving average figure for 2015 is the average of values for the years 2011 to 2015.

There were over 1658 incidents reported by tram operators to Transport Safety Victoria (TSV) in 2018. The key points shown by the 2018 tram incident statistics are provided below.

There have been 2 fatalities reported by tram operators in 2018. The number of reported serious injuries in 2018 was lower than in 2017. There were 55

serious injuries in 2018 and 67 in 2017. Of those 55 serious injuries in 2018, 25 were the result of passenger slips, trips or falls.

Passengers aged 60+ were involved in 18 of those incidents, representing 72 per cent of those serious injuries.

The number of collisions with persons and collisions with road vehicles are at their highest for the past five years.

The number of reported slips, trips or falls on trams has decreased in the past year compared to 2017.

There was a 16.5 per cent increase in the number of reported collisions with road vehicles from 977 in 2017 to 1138 in 2018.

TSV is working with KDR Victoria Pty Ltd (KDR), trading as Yarra Trams, to reduce the number of passenger slips, trips and falls for both on trams and at the platform-tram interface as this poses a high risk category as identified from data. These incidents and their prevention are addressed monthly in safety meetings between TSV and KDR. KDR is currently examining a range of measures including engineering changes to trams acceleration and braking, revised driver training, driver visual display upgrades and incident hot spot location assessments.

1 Data as reported by KDR Victoria Pty Ltd (Yarra Trams) to Transport Safety Victoria under Regulation 46 of the RSLOASR.

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2. Reporting requirements in VictoriaTram operators and a number of tourist and heritage operators are required to report rail incidents to TSV in accordance with the requirements of the Rail Safety (Local Operations) Act 2006 (Vic) (RSLOA) and Rail Safety (Local Operations) (Accreditation and Safety) Regulations 2017 (Vic) (RSLOASR).

TSV uses the data it collects from rail operators to monitor trends and safety risks across the Victorian transport network.

It is important to note that tram operators (including metropolitan, regional and tourist and heritage operators) are rail operators under the RSLOA.

3. Changes to informationThe information contained in this report is the intellectual property of TSV and is for the 2018 calendar year. It is sourced from its Occurrence Database, which stores data as reported to TSV by rail operators, as at 22 August 2019. The information might be adjusted to reflect new information that comes to light at any time without prior notice. Consequently, minor variations may exist when compared with previous publications.

Variations in information from year to year are evident in this report. Improvements in safety are generally expected to occur over time as enhancements are made to systems. Low frequency - high consequence events, such as those occasionally experienced in the transport industry, and changes to transport demand, such as increasing patronage, can also result in variations in the information.

4. DefinitionsRailway accident or incident as defined in the RSLOASR:

an accident or incident on railway premises that results ino the death of a persono a person requiring immediate treatment as an in-patient in a hospital

a running line derailment of any unit of rolling stock a collision between any rolling stock and any person a collision between any rolling stock and any other vehicle, infrastructure, obstruction or object

which resulted in significant property damage an implosion, explosion, fire or other occurrence which resulted in significant property damage a notifiable accident or incident.

Notifiable circumstance as defined in the RSLOASR means a circumstance, act or omission that resulted, or had the potential to result, in the death or serious injury to any person, or significant damage to property. The definition includes:

any defect in, or failure of, any part of the rail infrastructure any defect in, or failure of, any rolling stock or part of any rolling stock any failure or breach of any rail operations practice, procedure or rule any other circumstance, act or omission that the Safety Director has specified under regulation

42(2) to be a notifiable circumstance.

TSV uses the Guideline for the Top Event Classification of Notifiable Occurrences as a resource when classifying rail incidents (Occurrence Classification-Guideline One (OC-G1)).

4.1. Serious injury

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Defined in the RSLOASR as “a person requiring immediate treatment as an in-patient in a hospital”.

4.2. Person type A passenger is a person travelling or intending to travel. A public is any other person affected by a railway occurrence. A trespasser is a person on railway premises who, whether intentionally or negligently, is in a

place they have no right or authority to be or for the purpose of carrying out unauthorised activities.

4.3. CollisionWhen a tram strikes another tram, obstruction, person or other object or is struck by another object.

4.4. DerailmentWhen one or more tram wheels leave the rail or track during railway operations.

4.5. Suspected suicide or attempted suicide Suspected suicide is any suspected suicide that takes place in or from railway property. Attempted suicide refers to any person who unsuccessfully attempts to take their own life on

railway property.

4.6. Broken rail A fracture of the rail in a running line including a broken joint or weld, or detachment of a piece

from the rail which necessitates an immediate stoppage of traffic or the immediate imposition of a speed restriction lower than that currently in force.

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Descriptive statistics5. Tram - Occurrences with injuriesThis section provides data about rail occurrences that involved injuries.

5.1. Fatalities by person typeThis section provides information about fatalities that occurred from 2014 to 2018. The data excludes suspected suicides and deaths from natural causes.

Chart 1 shows the number of fatalities by person type (members of the public and trespassers) that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 2.

The total number of fatalities was 1 in 2014 and 2 in 2018.

The five year moving average decreased from 1.6 in 2014 to 0.6 in 2018.

Trespasser fatality was 1 in 2014. Public fatalities were 2 in 2018

Chart 1 - Fatalities by person type

Table 2 - Fatalities by person typePerson Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Public 0 0 0 0 2Trespasser 1 0 0 0 0Total 1 0 0 0 2

5.2. Fatalities by occurrence typeTable 3 shows the number of fatalities by occurrence type (collision) that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018.

Fatalities resulting from collision were 1 in 2014 and 2 in 2018.

Table 3 - Fatalities by occurrence typeOccurrence Type Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Collision With Person 1 0 0 0 2 With Road Vehicle 0 0 0 0 0Total 1 0 0 0 2

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5.3. Serious injuries by person typeThis section provides information about serious injuries that occurred from 2014 to 2018. The data excludes attempted suicides and natural causes.

Chart 2 shows the number of serious injuries by person type (employee, member of the public and passenger) that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 4.

The total number of serious injuries was 43 in 2014, 51 in 2015, 69 in 2016, 67 in 2017 and 55 in 2018.

The five year moving average increased from 26.8 in 2014 to 57.0 in 2018.

Railway Staff serious injuries were 2 in 2016, 1 in 2017 and 1 in 2018.

Passenger serious injuries were 27 in 2014, 17 in 2015, 51 in 2016, 35 in 2017 and 25 in 2018.

Public serious injuries were 16 in 2014, 34 in 2015, 16 in 2016, 31 in 2017 and 29 in 2018.

Chart 2 - Serious injuries by person type

Table 4 - Serious injuries by person typePerson type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Passenger 27 17 51 35 25Public 16 34 16 31 29Railway Staff 0 0 2 1 1Total 43 51 69 67 55

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5.4. Serious injuries by occurrence typeTable 5 shows the number of serious injuries by occurrence type (collision, derailment, level crossing occurrence, rollingstock irregularity, safeworking irregularity/breach and slip, trip or fall) that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018.

Serious injuries resulting from collision were 20 in 2014, 32 in 2015, 18 in 2016, 32 in 2017 and 30 in 2018.

Serious injuries resulting from derailment were 1 in 2014, 1 in 2015 and 1 in 2017.

Serious injury resulting from level crossing occurrence was 1 in 2015.

Serious injury resulting from rollingstock irregularity was 1 in 2017.

Serious injury resulting from safeworking irregularity/breach was 1 in 2016.

Serious injuries resulting from slip, trip or fall were 22 in 2014, 17 in 2015, 50 in 2016, 33 in 2017 and 25 in 2018.

Table 5 - Serious injuries by occurrence type

Occurrence Type Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Collision

Between Trams 0 0 0 1 0With Infrastructure 1 0 0 0 0With Person 8 9 8 18 10With Road Vehicle 11 23 10 13 20

Derailment Running Line Derailment 1 1 0 1 0Railway Crossing At Crossings with Active Traffic

Control Equipment0 1 0 0 0

Rolling stock Irregularity

Other Rolling Stock Irregularity 0 0 0 1 0

Safeworking Rule or Procedure Breach

Other Safeworking Rule or Procedure Breach

0 0 1 0 0

Slip, Trip or Fall

On Rolling Stock 17 13 36 26 20Other Slip Trip or Fall 0 0 0 0 1To/From Rolling Stock 5 4 14 7 4

Total 43 51 69 67 55

5.5. Serious injuries by classification and person typeTable 6 shows the number of serious injuries by classification and person type in 2018.

Table 6 - Serious injuries by classification and person type

Occurrence Type Category TypePassenger

Public

Railway Staff

Collision With Person 0 10 0 With Road Vehicle 1 18 1Slip, Trip or Fall On Rolling Stock 20 0 0 Other Slip Trip or Fall 0 1 0 To/From Rolling Stock 4 0 0Total 25 29 1

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5.6. Serious injuries detailsTable 7 lists the serious injuries in 2018.

Table 7 - Serious injuries details

Date Person type Occurrence and Category Type Location Count04/01/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Middle Park (Light Rail) 111/01/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Parkville 117/01/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Fitzroy 117/01/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - To/From Tram Fitzroy 117/01/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Melbourne CBD (Tram) 102/02/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Brunswick 112/02/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Carnegie 115/02/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Northcote 117/02/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - To/From Tram Albert Park (Light Rail) 128/02/2018 Public Slip, Trip or Fall - Other South Melbourne 102/03/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Caulfield East 108/03/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Melbourne CBD (Tram) 109/03/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Collingwood 115/03/2018 Public Collision - Person Melbourne CBD (Tram) 122/03/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Caulfield South 125/03/2018 Public Collision - Person Prahran 125/03/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Southbank 102/04/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram South Melbourne 121/04/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Melbourne CBD (Tram) 130/05/2018 Public Collision - Person Kew 131/05/2018 Employee Collision - Road Vehicle Melbourne CBD (Tram) 131/05/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Melbourne CBD (Tram) 109/06/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Flemington 120/06/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Coburg 102/07/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Elwood 105/07/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle South Melbourne 112/07/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Coburg 114/07/2018 Public Collision - Person Northcote 121/07/2018 Public Collision - Person North Melbourne 221/07/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Camberwell 131/07/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Melbourne CBD (Tram) 101/08/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram South Melbourne 108/08/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Melbourne CBD (Tram) 109/08/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Brunswick East 110/08/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Albert Park (Light Rail) 113/08/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Melbourne Central 1Date Person type Occurrence and Category Type Location Count

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18/08/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Prahran 105/09/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram Melbourne CBD (Tram) 111/09/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram St Kilda East 206/10/2018 Public Collision - Person Northcote 125/10/2018 Public Collision - Person Prahran 129/10/2018 Public Collision - Road Vehicle Melbourne CBD (Tram) 1

16/11/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On TramCollins St at Elizabeth St, Melbourne CBD 1

17/11/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On TramCollins St at Spencer St, Melbourne CBD 1

22/11/2018 Public Collision - Road VehicleSwanston St at Lonsdale St, Melbourne CBD 1

23/11/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - To/From Tram Sydney Rd at Park St, Parkville 1

23/11/2018 Public Collision - PersonRoyal Parade at Levers St, Parkville 1

24/11/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - On TramCollins St at Spencer St, Melbourne CBD 1

10/12/2018 Public Collision - PersonCollins St at Southern Cross Station, Docklands 1

10/12/2018 Passenger Collision - Road VehicleSwanston St at lt Lonsdale St, Melbourne CBD 1

15/12/2018 Public Collision - Road VehicleKings Way at York St, South Melbourne 2

22/12/2018 Passenger Slip, Trip or Fall - To/From TramToorak St at Summerhill St, Burwood 1

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5.7. Passenger serious injuries by age groupChart 3 shows the number of serious injuries in 2018 involving passengers by age group.

There were 25 serious injuries resulting from passengers slips, trips or falls. Passengers aged 60+ were involved in 18 incidents, representing 72 per cent of those serious injuries.

Chart 3 - Passenger serious injuries by age group

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6. Tram - Occurrences6.1. Running line derailmentThis section provides information about running line derailments that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 4 shows the number of running line derailments that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 8.

The total number of running line derailments was 20 in 2014, 27 in 2015, 24 in 2016, 11 in 2017 and 14 in 2018.

The five year moving average decreased from 27.6 in 2014 to 19.2 in 2018.

Chart 4 - Running line derailment

Table 8 - Running line derailment

Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Derailment - Running Line Derailment 20 27 24 11 14Total 20 27 24 11 14

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6.2. Collision between tramsThis section provides information about collisions between trams that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 5 shows the number of collisions between trams that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 9.

The total number of collisions between trams was 14 in 2014, 9 in 2015, 13 in 2016, 7 in 2017 and 10 in 2018.

The five year moving average decreased from 16.8 in 2014 to 10.6 in 2018.

Chart 5 - Collision between trams

Table 9 - Collision between tramsCategory Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Collision - Tram 14 9 13 7 10Total 14 9 13 7 10

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6.3. Collision with personThis section provides information about collisions with person that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 6 shows the number of collisions with person that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 10.

The total number of collisions with person was 35 in 2014, 36 in 2015, 44 in 2016, 50 in 2017 and 52 in 2018.

The five year moving average increased from 38.4 in 2014 to 43.4 in 2018.

Chart 6 - Collision with person

Table 10 - Collision with person

Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Collision - Person 35 36 44 50 52Total 35 36 44 50 52

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6.4. Collision with infrastructureThis section provides information about collisions with infrastructure that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 7 shows the number of collisions with infrastructure that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 11.

The total number of collisions with infrastructure was 5 in 2014, 11 in 2015, 9 in 2016, 11 in 2017 and 5 in 2018.

The five year moving average increased from 6.0 in 2014 to 8.2 in 2018.

Chart 7 - Collision with infrastructure

Table 11 - Collision with infrastructure

Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Collision - Infrastructure 5 11 9 11 5Total 5 11 9 11 5

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6.5. Collision with road vehicleThis section provides information about collisions with road vehicle that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 8 shows the number of collisions with road vehicle that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 12.

The total number of collisions with road vehicle was 818 in 2014, 853 in 2015, 962 in 2016, 977 in 2017 and 1138 in 2018.

The five year moving average increased from 860.8 in 2014 to 949.6 in 2018.

Chart 8 - Collision with road vehicle

Table 12 - Collision with road vehicleCategory Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Collision - Road Vehicle 818 853 962 977 1138Total 818 853 962 977 1138

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6.6. Slip, trip or fall on tramThis section provides information about slips, trips or falls on tram that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 9 shows the number of slips, trips or falls on tram that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 13.

The total number of slips, trips or falls on tram was 180 in 2014, 202 in 2015, 285 in 2016, 348 in 2017 and 330 in 2018.

The five year moving average increased from 176.6 in 2014 to 269.0 in 2018.

Chart 9 - Slip, trip or fall on tram

Table 13 - Slip, trip or fall on tram

Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Slip, Trip or Fall - On Tram 180 202 285 348 330Total 180 202 285 348 330

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6.7. Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interfaceThis section provides information about slips, trips or falls on platform tram interface that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 10 shows the number of slips, trips or falls on platform tram interface by category type (caught in tram doors and to/from tram) that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 14.

The total number of slips, trips or falls classified as between platform and tram, caught in tram doors, on/from stairs/ramp and to/from tram was 10 in 2014, 32 in 2015, 68 in 2016, 128 in 2017 and 104 in 2018.

The five year moving average increased from 8.8 in 2014 to 68.4 in 2018.

Slips, trips or falls classified as caught in tram doors were 0 in 2014, 7 in 2015, 19 in 2016, 21 in 2017 and 26 in 2018.

Slips, trips or falls classified as to/from tram were 10 in 2014, 25 in 2015, 49 in 2016, 107 in 2017 and 78 in 2018.

Chart 10 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface

Table 24 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface

Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Slip, Trip or Fall - Caught in Tram Doors 0 7 19 21 26Slip, Trip or Fall - To/From Tram 10 25 49 107 78Total 10 32 68 128 104

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6.8. Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken railThis section provides information about track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 11 shows the number of track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 15.

The total number of track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail was 2 in 2014, 1 in 2015, 2 in 2016, 0 in 2017 and 0 in 2018.

The five year moving average decreased from 1.4 in 2014 to 1.0 in 2018.

Chart 11 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail

0

1

2

3

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Count Broken Rail

Moving Average

Table 35 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail

Category Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Broken Rail 2 1 2 0 0Total 2 1 2 0 0

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6.9. Fire on tramThis section provides information about fires on tram that occurred from 2014 to 2018.

Chart 12 shows the number of fires on tram that occurred in each year from 2014 to 2018 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented pin Table 16.

The total number of fires on tram was 7 in 2014, 2 in 2015, 1 in 2016, 0 in 2017 and 5 in 2018.

The five year moving average increased from 3.2 in 2014 to 3.0 in 2018.

Chart 12 - Fire on tram

Table 46 - Fire on tramCategory Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Fire - On Tram 7 2 1 0 5Total 7 2 1 0 5

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