Introduction to Web Programming

SCSC Mentoring Special ClassMade Harta Dwijaksara – 2014-06-24

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Content Introduction 3 Tier Architectures Web Server (Apache) Client Side Programming

HTML, CSS, and Java Script Server Side Programming

PHP and MySQL

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Introduction Internet : is a global system of interconnected 

computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite(TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide (wikipedia).

How can the interconnected devices talk each others?

through protocol stack on network layer.

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Introduction Network Layer (OSI 7 Layers)

Internet Link

Ex. User Request(HTTP, Telnet, SSH, RPC, etc.)

TCP/UDP (port)IP

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3 Tier Architectures Multi-tier architecture is a 

client–server architecture in which presentation, application processing, and data management functions are physically separated.

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3 Tier Architectures of Web Comprise of : Web-Client, Web Server,

Database Server

1. Web server running a service on port 80/8080 for HTTP (web) service2. User Browsing (IE, Chrome, Opera ,etc.) HTTP(s) request to Web

Server (http://....) 3. Web server process the request and gives the HTTP response (web page

content) 4. Web browser takes the response and display through web browser GUI

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Packet Capturing using WireShark HTTP request

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Packet Capturing using WireShark HTTP response

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Web Technology (Tools) Each tier has different technology solution

Run on clientComputer

Run on server(web server)

Run on server(database server)

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Web Server (Apache HTTP Server) Web server is a program that generate and transmit

response to client request for web resource Handling a client request consists of several key steps• Parsing the request message• Checking that the request is authorized associating the

URL in the request with a file name• Constructing the response message• Transmitting the response message to the requesting

client Web Server vs Web Site• Web-site consist of a collection of web-pages

associated with a particular hostname• Web server is a program to satisfy client request for

web resource

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Web Server (Apache HTTP Server) The Apache HTTP Server • Freely Available Binaries and Source Code• Cross platform implementation• Became the #1 Web Server on the Internet

in less than a year Getting Started• Download :

http://apache.mirror.cdnetworks.com//httpd/binaries/

• Run the installer file .msi and follow the instruction• Open port 80 (8080 in case you need to use

HTTPS)• Allow the httpd service to use the port

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Web Server (Apache HTTP Server) Little Introduction to Configuration File• Listen Port Listen 80

o the port address where the httpd service should listen to request

• LoadModule LoadModule php5_module “php5apache2_4.dll”o There a lot of modules can be added to apache

• ServerName ServerName www.snu.ac.kro The server name registered on DNS (can be changed with

IP address)• DocumentRoot DocumentRoot “C:/file/WEB”

o The location of your web page data (web page resource)

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Setting Up Web Site (Apache HTTP) Creating Home Director

Create a directory with the following structure MYHOME

Ex. D:/WWW/MYHOME or /usr/www/MYHOME Change the configuration file

Setting the listening port to 80 Set the DocumentRoot to the path of previously made

home directory Run the apache httpd service Test your first server http://127.0.0.1/

If there is no error it will show “it works”

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Client Side (HTML) HTML : HyperText Markup Language is the

standard markup language used to create web pages.

Another markup language : XML, SGML, XHTML, etc.

Version (W3School : www.w3schools.com)HTML HTML+ HTML 2.0 HTML 3.2 HTML 4.01 XHTML HTML5

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2000 2012

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HTML : HyperText Markup Language HTML Basic index.html

Preview on browser http://localhost/index.html

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HTML : HyperText Markup Language Some HTML tags (www.w3schools.com)

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HTML5 Tags HTML5 Tags

The New <canvas> Element

New Media ElementsTag Description<audio> Defines sound or music content<embed> Defines containers for external applications (like plug-ins)<source> Defines sources for <video> and <audio><track> Defines tracks for <video> and <audio><video> Defines video or movie content

Tag Description<canvas> Defines graphic drawing using JavaScript

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Client Side (CSS) CSS : Cascading Style Sheet is a style sheet

language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language.

Inline CSS

External CSS

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Client Side (CSS) CSS Selector : allow you to select and

manipulate HTML element(s). The element Selector The id Selector keyword “id=…” on html tag The class Selector keyword “class=…” on html

tag

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CSS3 Modules CSS3 has been split into "modules". It

contains the "old CSS specification" (which has been split into smaller pieces). In addition, new modules are added. CSS3 Border Properties

CSS3 Background Properties

Property Description CSSborder-image A shorthand property for setting all the border-image-* properties 3border-radius A shorthand property for setting all the four border-*-radius properties 3box-shadow Attaches one or more drop-shadows to the box 3

Property Description CSSbackground-clip Specifies the painting area of the background images 3background-origin Specifies the positioning area of the background images 3background-size Specifies the size of the background images 3

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HTML : HyperText Markup Language Designing : Web Layout

WEB BANNER

LEFTNAVIGATI

ON

FOOTER

RIGHTNAVIGATI

ONMAIN CONTENT

MAIN NAVIGATION

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WEB DESIGN: HTML + CSS

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Client Side Programming (JavaScript) Why JavaScript? : JavaScript is one

of 3 languages all web developers MUST learn: HTML to define the content of web pages CSS to specify the layout of web pages JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages

Example ScenarioWeb Page

(Client Side)Web Engine

(Server Side)

request

response

The request format should be verified on the client side thus verification process will not burden the web server

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Client Side Programming (JavaScript) In-line Script

External Script

HTML file

JavaScript file

http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/default.asp

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Server Side Programming (PHP) What is PHP?

PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor" PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language PHP scripts are executed on the server PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use

Why is PHP? Runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X) Compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS,

etc.) PHP supports a wide range of databases PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: 

www.php.net PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

PHP test : phpinfo() 

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Server Side Programming (PHP) PHP file (*.php) http://

www.php.net/manual/en/tutorial.php PHP code:

PHP comment:

<?php// PHP code goes here include();?>

<?php// This is a single line comment

# This is also a single line comment

/*This is a multiple lines comment blockthat spans over more thanone line*/?>

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Database Management MYSQL MySQL is the world's most popular open

source database.  Installation

Download : http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/windows/installer/

Run installer and follow instruction Go to PHP installation directory and update php.ini

file Uncomment ;extension=php_mysql.dll

Check the phpinfo();

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Database Management MYSQL Access Database : Command Prompt

Create User Ex: create user admin@localhost identified by ‘admin’;

Create Database Ex: create database mywebpage

Grant database access to user ‘admin’ Ex: grant all on mywebpage.* to admin@localhost;

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Database Management MYSQL Create Table for Web Page

User Tablecreate table user (userid varchar(20),password varchar(20),fullname varchar(20),email varchar(20),primary key(userid),); Article Tablecreate table article (userid varchar(20),title varchar(50),content text,date varchar(20),primary key (userid, date););

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PHP + MySQL : Connection Connection Preparation

Database Connect

SQL Query

Close Connection

$mysql_host ="localhost"; // IP address or hostaname$mysql_user = "admin";$mysql_pass = "admin";$mysql_db = "webpage";$mysql_table_user = "user“;

mysql_connect($mysql_host,$mysql_user,$mysql_pass) or die(mysql_error());mysql_select_db($mysql_db) or die(mysql_error());;$sql = "insert into $mysql_table_user (userid, password, fullname, email) values ('$new_user','$new_pass','$new_name','$new_email')";mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());

mysql_close($con);

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Dynamic Web Page (1) Scenario

User Login to get access to update the web-page User add new article to web-page The query is forwarded by web server to database

server

Web Client(Browser)

Web Server(PHP)

User Login

Database(MySQL)

Login Request

Login VerificationLogin Response

Login success

Add Data

Add dataRequest Update

Database

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Dynamic Web Page (2)

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Thank you!