introduction to umts signalling and interfaces_oct2004_p

5/31/2018 Introduction to UMTS Signalling and Interfaces_Oct2004_p

1/891 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Introduction to UMTSSignalling and Interfaces


2/893 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Module topics

Introduction to 3G/UMTS signalling

Transport layer signalling and interfaces

Control layer signalling and interfaces

User layer signalling and interfaces

Summarised function of the 3G/UMTSinterfaces


3/894 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ObjectivesAfter this module the student will be able to:

Explain how the interfaces of a UMTS network can be divided into

stratums that work on different layers. Explain how the OSI model has been sub-divided in UMTS.

List and identify the protocols used in UMTS interfaces throughoutthe transport signalling layer of the network.

Explain the basic concept of ATM.

List and identify the protocols used in UMTS interfaces throughoutthe control-signalling layer of the network.

Name the basic functions of the RANAP, RNSAP and NBAP.

List and identify the protocols used in the network interfacesthroughout the user-signalling layer of the network.

When given a UMTS model, summarise the functions of the UMTSnetwork interfaces.

without using any references (if not otherwise stated).


4/895 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Combined GSM/UMTS Rel. 99 PLMNCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packet switched (ps) domain

commoncs & ps

networkelements

MSCVLR

GMSC

HLREIRAC

GGSNSGSN

PSTISD

corp.networ

WAP

PDNIP-backbone

CG

BillingCentre

BG

Inter-PLMNNetwork

UTRAN

RNCNode B

Node B

RNC

Node B

Node B RNS

RNSIub

Iub

Iur

Uu

Uu

UE

UE

BSC

BTS

BTS

BSC

BTS

BTS BSS

BSS

Abis

Abis

Um

Um

MS

MS

GERAN

TRAU

TRAU

PCU

PCU


5/897 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Bearer & Signalling

UE Node B RNC

Uu Iub/Iur Iu

Core Network

MSC

3G

SGSN

RNCNode B


6/898 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Management layers of a UMTS network

The network can be visualised from the point of view ofthe elements, or from how the user and controlinformation is passed through the architecture.

Mobility Management (MM)

Communication Management (CM)

Radio Resource Management (RRM)

UE RAN CN

CS (circuit switched): Call control (CC), supplementary services (SS) and short message service (SMS).PS (packet switched): Session management


7/899 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

3G/UMTS Session Management

CNRAN

RANAP Connection

Radio Access Bearer

RANAP Connection

RRC Connection

UE

PacketNetwork

CircuitSwitchedNetwork

Packet Data ServiceSpeech Service

Video Service

Radio Access Bearer


8/8910 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

BS RNCMTUSIM Core Network Domains:

- MSC & GMSC (Circuit Switched)

- SGSN & GGSN (Packet Switched)

3G network structure

Access Stratum

Serving Stratum

Application Stratum


9/8911 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

OSI model

Transport Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Session Layer

Presentation Layer Presentation Layer

Application Layer Application Layer

User Data Control Data

Network Layer

Data (Link) Layer

Physical Layer

User Plane Control Plane

Transport Plane


10/89

12 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Transport plane (Access Stratum)

Defines how physical connection is establishedbetween the mobile terminal and the network

In the Uu interface, FDD-mode and TDD-mode(based on WCDMA) are used

In the UTRAN interfaces, ATM will be used:

- Iub

- Iur

- Iu-CS, Iu-PS

This section concentrates on ATM


11/89

14 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ATM cell

Always the same payload - 48 bytes (octets)

Overhead is almost 9.5%, due to the 5-octet header

Can carry any type of information

Two types of ATM cells

ATM UNI (User-Network Interface) cell;used forcommunication between ATM endpoints and ATM

switches ATM NNI (Network-Node Interface) cell;used for

communication between ATM switches

Header5 bytes

Payload48 bytes

53 bytes

Vi t l P th Vi t l Ch l


12/89

15 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Virtual Path (VP)

Virtual Channel (VC)

ATM CellVirtual Channel

Virtual Path

Virtual Channel = Virtual Circuit

Virtual Paths = Logical grouping ofVirtual Circuitsan ATM switchcan perform operations on groupsof Virtual Circuits

Transmission Path

= A bundle of Virtual Paths

Virtual Path, Virtual Channel,Transmission Path


13/89

16 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ATM UNI cell header - Content

VCI

GFC VPI

VPI

VCI

VCI PT CLP

HEC

123457 68

Payload

Header(5 bytes)

Payload(48 bytes)

GFC Generic Flow Control

GFC Provides local functions, such as identifying multiple stations that share a

single ATM interface. This field is typically not used and is set to its default value.

VPI Virtual Path Identifier

VPI: In conjunction with the VCI, identifies the next destination of a cell as it passes

through a series of ATM switches on the way to its destination.

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

VCI: In conjunction with the VPI, identifies the next destination of a cell as it passes

through a series of ATM switches on the way to its destination.

PT Payload Type

PT: Indicates in the first bit whether the cell contains user data or control data. If

user data, the second bit indicates congestion, and the third bit indicates whether

the cell is the last in a series of cells that represent a single AAL5 frame.

CLP Cell Loss Priority

CLP: Indicates whether the cell should be discarded if there is congestion in the

network. If the CLP bit equals 1, the cell should be discarded in preference to cells

with the CLP bit equal to zero.

HEC Header Error Control

HEC: Calculates checksum only on the header itself.

Any cell that fails the header error check is instantly discarded by the network.


14/89

17 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ATM protocol layers

Physical layer defines the transmission medium.

ATM layer inserts and extracts the cell header.It also takes care of multiplexing and switching of cells.

AAL maps user data from higher layer into standard ATMcells to be transported over an ATM network. It also collectsinformation from ATM cells for delivery to higher layers.

PHYSICAL LAYER

ATM LAYER

AAL

ATM ADAPTATION LAYER


15/89

18 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ATM Adaptation Layer

Typical

Use

FixedConnection

Video&

Audio

FrameRelay

IPServices

AAL AAL1 AAL2 AAL5 AAL3/4

Connection Oriented Connectionless

Synchronised Not Synchronised

Constant VariableBit Rate

Source & Dest.

Connection

ATM Layer

Physical Layer

A B C D

ATM Service Classes

Convergence Sublayer

Segmentation and ReassemblySublayer

AAL

CS

SAR

Higher Protocol Layers

ATM Layer


16/89

19 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ATM example

VC2 / VP2

VC1 / VP1

RNC

ATMswitch

VC1 / VP1

BTS 1

AXC

VC3 / VP3VC3, VC4 / VP4

VC3, VC4, VC5, VC6 / VP7VC5 / VP5

VC6 / VP6

VC1/VP1 THROUGH-CONNECTED IN AXC2

VC/VP CROSS-CONNECTION TABLEVC3/VP4 VC3/VP 7VC4/VP4 VC4/VP 7VC5/VP5 VC5/VP 7VC6/VP6 VC6/VP 7

AXC / ATM switch

BTS 2

AXC

BTS 3

AXC

BTS 4

AXC

BTS 5

AXC

BTS 6

AXC

StandaloneAXC

CCS7 lower layers (review from GSM


17/89

20 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

CCS7 lower layers (review from GSMcourses)

Message Transfer Part (MTP)

Data Link Layer

Physical Layer


18/89

24 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Iub, Iur, Iu-CS transport planesRNCBS

Physical Layer Physical Layer

ATM ATM

AAL2 AAL2AAL5 AAL5

Control

Da

ta

Control

Da

ta

User

Data

User

Data

Iub

DRNCSRNC


ATM ATM

AAL2 AAL2AAL5 AAL5

Con

trol

Da

ta

Con

trol

Da

ta

User

Data

User

Data

Iur

RNC


ATM ATM

AAL2 AAL2AAL5 AAL5

Control

Data

Control

Data

User

Data

User

Data

Iu-CSCS CoreNetworkDomain


19/89

25 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Iu-PS, Iu-CS, Iur, & Iub: Transport Plane

Physical Layer

ATM

AAL2

Service: Variable bit rate Source & destination

synchronised connection orientated

AAL5

Service: Variable bit rate Source & destination

not synchronised connection orientated

control data

Iu-CS, Iu-PS, Iur, Iub

user data

Iu-PS

user data

Iu-CS, Iur, Iub


20/89

27 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Control plane ( Serving Stratum)

Transparent for the transport plane

Main protocols: NBAP Node B Application Part - Iub interface

RNSAP/Radio Network SubsystemApplication PartIur interface

RANAP/Radio Access Network ApplicationPartIu interfaces (CS and PS)

Also MAP and ISUP are presented (optionaltopics)

The following slides will introduce theseprotocols and their roles.


21/89

28 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Iub interface (NBAP)

RNCBS


ATM ATM

AAL5

NBAP NBAP

Convergence Protocol(s) Convergence Protocol(s)

AAL5

Iub

Common NBAP procedures:

Create UE contexts (neededbefore dedicated signallingprocedures can take place).

Control BCCH information

Dedicated NBAP procedures:

Related to specific UE context,examples:

Radio link addition,reconfiguration, deletion

Downlink power control

Dedicated measurementsignalling


22/89

30 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Iur interface (RNSAP)DRNCSRNC


ATM ATM

AAL5

RNSAP RNSAP


AAL5

IurRNSAP protocol functions

Some examples: Radio link management

and supervision

Physical channel

reconfiguration Measurements, dedicated

resources

CCCH signalling transfer

Paging in URA or cell Etc.


23/89

31 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Signalling example: Radio link setup

RACH-Short Initial Access RRC Connection Request

Radio Link Setup

RRC Conn. Request AckFACH - Access Granted

Radio Link Setup Response

Synchronisation IndicatedUL DPCCH

DRNC SRNCBSUu Iub Iur

Radio Link Setup Response

Radio Link Setup


24/89

32 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Iu interface (RANAP)

Core NetworkDomains

RNC


ATM ATM

AAL5

RANAP RANAP


AAL5

Iu RANAP protocol functionsSome examples:

RAB management

Controlling overload in Iu

Paging users

Controlling security inUTRAN

Location reporting/control

Etc.

The path of the bearer through the


25/89

33 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

The path of the bearer through thenetwork

IuCN Circuit Domain: - RT Traffic - Constant Bit Rates

CN Packet Domain: - NRT Traffic (RT Traffic) - Variable Bit Rates

RAB4

The path of the bearer - Circuit


26/89

34 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

The path of the bearer CircuitSwitched

Bearers to Setup or Modify:

Bearers to Keep:

Bearers to Release:

- Bearer ID- AAL2 ID- Binding ID (transport)

- Bearer ID

- Bearer ID- Release Cause

UE BS RNC CN - Circuit Switched Domain

Uu Iub Iu

RANAPRRC

NBAP

RANAPNBAP

= Radio Access Network Application Part= Node B (BS) Application Part

The path of the bearer - Packet


27/89

35 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

The path of the bearer PacketSwitched

Bearers to Setup or Modify

Bearers to Keep:

Bearers to Release:

- NSAPI- CN IP Address- GTP Flow Label

- NSAPI

- NSAPI- Release Cause

UE BS RNC CN - Packet Domain

Uu Iub Iu

RANAP

NBAP

RANAPNBAPNSAPIGTP

= Radio Access Network Application Part= Node B (BS) Application Part= Network Service Access Point Identifier= GPRS Tunnelling Protocol

RRC

R di A B i t


28/89

36 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Radio Access Bearer assignment

RAB Assignment Complete

RAB Assignment Request

RNCBSUu Iub Iu Core Network

Domains

RAB is configured to be used over the existing Radio Link(s)

rcu sw c e core ne wor -ISUP/MAP


29/89

37 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ISUP/MAP(optional topic)

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Message Transfer Part (MTP)

ISDN User Part (ISUP)

Transport Protocol(s)

(OSI 1 - 3)

Convergence Protocol(s)

(OSI 4 - 6)

MAP

User plane ( Application Stratum)


30/89

41 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

User plane ( Application Stratum)

Signalling between the UE and the destination (forinstance an application server).

In the Uu interface, user plane is DPDCH plus the data itcarries.

User planes for other interfaces are shown in the followingfour figures.

Also, IP protocols are repeated (optional topics).

User plane in the Iub interface


31/89

42 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

User plane in the Iub interface

RNCBS


ATM ATM

AAL2

Frame Protocols for:

DCH, RACH and FACH

Frame Protocols for:

DCH, RACH and FACH

AAL2

Iub

User plane in the Iur interface


32/89

43 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

User plane in the Iur interface

DRNCSRNC


ATM ATM

AAL2

Frame Protocols forDCH

Frame Protocols forDCH

AAL2

Iur

User data on the Iu CS interface


33/89

44 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

User data on the Iu-CS interface

Core NetworkCircuit Switched Domain

RNC


ATM ATM

AAL2

User Data Streams User Data Streams

AAL2

Iu-CS

User data on the Iu PS interface


34/89

45 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

User data on the Iu-PS interface

Core Network

Packet Switched Domain

RNC


ATM ATM

AAL5

IP

UDP

GTP

User Data Streams

IP

UDP

GTP

User Data Streams

AAL5

Iu-PS

TCP/IP background


35/89

46 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

TCP/IP background

Where, when and why was TCP/IP developed?

TCP/IP was developed for US military data networks inthe 1970s

TCP/IP is based on the concept of client server interaction

The first network to use this protocol was calledARPANET

Currently most widely used protocol in WAN and LAN

Who is responsible for Internet standards?

Today TCP/IP protocols are developed and standardisedby the InternetEngineering Task Force (www.ietf.org)

What is the difference between TCP/IP and OSI?

No session or presentation layers defined

This functionality is built into application layer protocols

ISO-OSILayer


36/89

47 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

ISO-OSI

Logical connection between source &destination

Physical Layer

(Data) Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

2

1

3

4

5

6

7

Physical and electro-magnetical propertiesof the transmission medium

Transmission of data frames between two con-

nected network elements; often error

correction

End-to-end flow and data integrity

Synchronisation of equivalent processes

Adaptation of data formats

Applications such as VoIP and telnet

ISOInternational Organisation for StandardisationOSIOpen Source Interconnection

Layer

TCP/IP vs OSI (simplified)


37/89

48 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

TCP/IP vs OSI (simplified)

Physical Layer

(Data) Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

2

1

3

4

5

6

7

Network Interface

(layer 1 and 2 arenot specified within

the Internet protocol suite)

Internet ProtocolARP, RARP

ICMP, IGMP

Transport (TCP, UDP)

Application

ISO OSI Model TCP/IP Protocol StackLayer

Client-server model


38/89

49 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Client-server model

Communication

Network

Communication

Network

ClientClient

ServerServer

IP Address logic


39/89

52 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

New Street Old Street

House 1 House 2 House 1 House 3

Network 1 Network 2

Host 1 Host 2 Host 1 Host 2 Host 3

Router A

Crossing A

IP Address logic

IP addresses


40/89

53 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

IP

TCP/

UDP

Appli-cation

networklayer

L1

L2

IP addresses

Router 2

Router 3

Router 1

IP Network B

Internet

IP Network A

IP Network C

IP address

uniquenumber that identifiesa host on a network

Two types of IP addresses

PrivateIP addresscannot be senton a public network

PublicIP addresscan be sent on a public network

What is an IP address made up of?


41/89

54 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

The 32 bits in an IP address are split between a unique:

Net ID,which represents the network to which the host or

gateway is attached.

Host ID,which uniquely identifies a specific host within that

network.

The Net ID always precedes the Host ID.

What is an IP address made up of?

Net ID Host ID

IP Address


42/89

55 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

IP Address

11000000 01111010 01100010 01010000

Oktet 1 Oktet 2 Oktet 3 Oktet 4

32 bits

binary format dotted decimal format

192.122.98.

0

10

110

1110

Net ID

Net ID

Net ID

Multicast

0 1 7 8 31

31

31

31

15 160 1

0 1

0 1 2

2

2

3

3 4

23 24

Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

16777214 users/net

0.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254

65534 users/net

128.0.0.1 to 191.255.255.254

254 users/net

192.0.0.1 to 223.255.255.254

268435454 groups

224.0.0.1 to 239.255.255.255

1111 Reserved for special use

310 1 2 3 4

Class E

Netmask operation


43/89

56 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Netmask operation

192.168.0.0192.168.0.0

255.255.255.0255.255.255.0

192.168.0.1192.168.0.1

11000000.101010000.0000000.00000000 11000000.1010100.000000000.00000000

11111111.11111111.11111111.0000000011111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001 IP Address

Netmask

Decimal Representation

Bitwise ANDing

Binary Representation

NetworkAddress

Static and dynamic addressingk


44/89

57 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

y g

IP

TCP/

UDP

Appli-cation

networklayer

L1

L2

Static IP addressPermanent IP address stored on theclient

Dynamic IP address- Dynamically allocated by the network element- Address could be used by different hosts at different times

IP routingt k


45/89

58 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

g

L1

IP

TCP/

UDP

Appli-cation

L2

networklayer

L1

IP

L2

L1

IP

L2

Relay

Router

Routingis the process of selectingthe next destination using a routing

table.

Router Layer 3 switch decides were to

transmit the IP packetnext after analysis ofthe IP headerinformationdepending on datalink and physical linklayer, segmentationor reassembly maynecessary

Routing table: Example 1


46/89

59 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

g p

Destinat ion Mask Next hop Interface

192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 Ethernet 0

192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Tokenring 0

192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.5 Ethernet 0

0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.5 Tokenring 0

192.168.1.0/24192.168.0.0/24

192.168.2.0/24

192.168.0.5/24

192.168.2.3/24 192.168.1.1/24

192.168.1.5/24

Internet

192.168.0.1/24

Router 2

Router 1

Router 3

192.168.0.7/24

Ethernet 0 Tokenring 0

Internet Protocol version 6t k


47/89

60 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

IPv6 is the replacementprotocol for IPv4

IPv6 offers 128-bit addresssize

Resulting in 3.40282 Exp 38 IP

addresses, lasting a lot longerthan IPv4

Advantages:

Extended address space

Flow labeling capabilities

Authentication and privacy

IP

TCP/

UDP

Appli-cation

networklayer

L1

L2

Transport Layertransport


48/89

61 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

p y

IP

TCP/

UDP

Appli-cation

transportlayer

L1

L2

L1

IP

L2

L1

IP

L2

Relay

Router

L1

IP

L2

L1

IP

L2

Relay

Router

Router Router

IP

TCP/

UDP

Appli-cation

L1

L2

virtual connection

communication

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):adds reliability

User Datagram Protocol (UDP):best effort delivery

transportTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)


49/89

62 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

IP

TCP

Appli-cation

L1

L2

transportlayer

Services by TCP:

provides reliabledata transfer between two IPend points

Its functionality includes:

Sequence numbering

Basic flow control

Packet acknowledgements and

Checksum for data corruption supervision

segmentation and reassembly

EthernetEthernet IPIP TCPTCP FTP (Data)FTP (Data) EthernetEthernet IPIP TCPTCP FTP (Data)FTP (Data)

FTP (Data)FTP (Data)

Packet 1. Packet 2.

transportUser Datagram Protocol (UDP)


50/89

63 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

IP

UDP

Appli-cation

L1

L2

transportlayer

Services by TCP:

provides fast, but unreliabledata transfer between twoIP end points

Used instead of TCP when

speed is more important than reliability, and/or

upper or lower layer protocols support reliable data

t transfer

EthernetEthernet IPIP TCPUDP FTP (Data)VoIP EthernetEthernet IPIP TCPUDP FTP (Data)VoIP

FTP (Data)Voice over IP

Packet 1. Packet 2.

Application layer protocolsapplication


51/89

64 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

TelnetThis application isused for providing virtualterminal (VT) sessionsbetween IP capable equipment

HTTPHyperText TransportProtocol is an applicationused to define WWW contentsand its transfer.

SMTPSimple Mail TransferProtocol is an applicationlayer protocol used for

Internet mail transfer. SNMPSimple Network

Management Protocol is anapplication used for networkmanagement.

IP

TCP/

UDP

Appli-cation

applicationlayer

L1

L2

Port Numbers and Sockets


52/89

66 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

IP

Transport

Application

1

L1

L2

Application

2

one IP address

several applications

(port A) (port B)

Application Server 1

ApplicationServer 2

Data transmission between IP devices isuniquely identified by

Sender IP address and TCP/UDP port number

and

Receiver IP address and TCP/UDP port

number

Each application will have one or several portnumbers to identify the sender and receiver

applicationsServer side: Application port numbers are

typically fixed

Client side: Port numbers

are allocated dynamically

Port numbers run from 0 to 65536

Port Numbers and Sockets: Example


53/89

67 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

WWW-browserWWW-browser

TCPTCP

IPIP

Sender: 192.168.0.1

Receiver: 192.168.0.2

Layer 4: TCP

Sender: 192.168.0.1

Receiver: 192.168.0.2

Layer 4: TCP

Sender: 1137Receiver: 80 (HTTP)Sequence #: 13122

Sender: 1137Port: 80 (HTTP)Sequence #: 13122

HTTP: Get Page...

192.168.0.1: 1137 -> 192.168.0.2:80

Port: 1137

Protocol: TCP

WWW-browserWWW-server

TCPTCP

IPIP

Port: 80

Protocol : TCP

Address: 192.168.0.1 Address: 192.168.0.2

Client Server

TCP packet

IP packet

Network address translation (NAT)


54/89

68 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

IP address:10.1.1.2

NetworkAddress

Translation

IP router towardsan external network

PrivateNetwork

Public Network(Internet)

IP address:10.1.1.4

IP address:10.1.1.7

10.1.1.2123.45.40.2

10.1.1.7123.45.40.3

123.45.40.4 (currently not used)

Dynamic mapping ofinternal IP addresses to an

externally valid IP addressspace.

Makes internalinfrastructure invisible.

Network address and port translation(NAPT)


55/89

69 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

(NAPT)

10.1.1.210.1.1.310.1.1.410.1.1.510.1.1.254

NetworkAddressand Port

TranslationInternet

123.45.40.1:61002123.45.40.1:61003123.45.40.1:61004123.45.40.1:61005123.45.40.1:61254

IP Router outside theGPRS IP Core Network

GPRSbackboneSGSN

BSS

TIDxTIDyTIDz

GGSN

10.10.10.110.10.10.15

10.1.1.3

10.1.1.2

Components in IP networks


56/89

70 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Some of the other components of IPnetworks are:

Domain Name System (DNS)

Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol (DHCP) Remote Authentication Dial In User

Service (RADIUS)

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Firewalls

Domain Name System


57/89

71 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Domain Name System (DNS) is anapplication layer protocol

The purpose of a DNS is to convert 32bit IP addresses to symbolic names, forexample:

193.65.100.105 = www.nokia.com

The conversion is performed by theDomain Name Server

DNS server has a database containingIP addresses and correspondingsymbolic names

DNS server is based on a

Hierarchical model

Distributed model

How does DNS work?


58/89

72 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

HOST

GPRS.NTC.NOKIA.COM?

Local DNS server

1

How does DNS work?


59/89

73 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

HOST

root DNS server

GPRS.NTC.NOKIA.COM?

Local DNS server

1

2

How does DNS work?


60/89

74 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

HOST

root DNS server

GPRS.NTC.NOKIA.COM?

Local DNS server

1

2.com DNS server

3

How does DNS work?


61/89

75 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

HOST

root DNS server

GPRS.NTC.NOKIA.COM?

Local DNS server

1

2.com DNS server

3

.nokia.com DNS serve4

How does DNS work?


62/89

76 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

HOST

root DNS server

GPRS.NTC.NOKIA.COM?

Local DNS server

1

2.com DNS server

3


GPRS.NTC.NOKIA=

192.168.0.15

5.ntc.nokia.com DNSserver

How does DNS work?


63/89

77 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

HOST

root DNS server

GPRS.NTC.NOKIA.COM?

Local DNS server

1

2.com DNS server

3


GPRS.NTC.NOKIA=

192.168.0.15

5.ntc.nokia.com DNSserver

6

Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHCP SERVER


64/89

78 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Provides automaticnetwork configurationinformation from theDHCP server to theDHCP client

The configurationinformation involves:

IP addressNetmask

Default gateway

IP addresses are notassigned permanently

to any client DHCP server contains a

poolof addresses which canbe

DHCP OFFER (A)ADDRESS: 192.168.1.51NETMASK: 255.255.255.0GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1LEASE TIME: 5 hours

DHCP OFFER (A)ADDRESS: 192.168.1.51NETMASK: 255.255.255.0GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1LEASE TIME: 5 hours

DHCP OFFER (B)ADDRESS: 192.168.1.52NETMASK: 255.255.255.0GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1LEASE TIME: 30 minutes

DHCP OFFER (B)ADDRESS: 192.168.1.52NETMASK: 255.255.255.0GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1LEASE TIME: 30 minutes

HOSTDHCP CLIENT

REMOTE ACCESS SERVERDHCP CLIENT

REMOTE HOST

Remote authentication dial in userservice


65/89

79 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

RADIUS protocol is used for thecentralised control of remote usersbetween several remote access servers(RAS)

Each RAS is connected, as a client, to a

central RADIUS server RADIUS server contains the information

needed for authentication of the remoteusers

It is also possible to assign dynamic IP

addresses to remote users usingRADIUS.

Virtual Private Network


66/89

80 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN allows remote users to securelycommunicate with a companys

network over a public, non-securenetwork such as the Internet

VPN involves a variety of encryptionand security mechanisms to make thevirtual link secure.

Tunnelling is used in VPN for makingsecure communications

VPN consists of four main components:

Remote user (VPN Client)

Network Access Server (NAS)

VPN Server

VPN Protocol

How does a VPN work?


67/89

81 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

1



68/89

82 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

Securit

y

Server

1

2

ISP



69/89

83 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

Securit

y

Server

INTERNET

CompanyGateway

1

2

3

ISP

Company

How does a VPN work?CompanySecurity


70/89

84 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

Securit

y

Server

INTERNET

CompanyGateway

Server

1

2

3

4

ISP

Company


S


71/89

85 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

Securit

y

Server

INTERNET

CompanyGateway

Server

1

2

3

4

5

ISP

Company


S


72/89

86 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

Securit

y

Server

INTERNET

CompanyGateway

Server

1

2

3

4

5

6

ISP

Company


S


73/89

87 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

Securit

y

Server

INTERNET

CompanyGateway

Server

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ISP

Company


Server


74/89

88 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

VPN

Client

NAS

Securit

y

Server

INTERNET

CompanyGateway

Server

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

ISP

Company

Firewall

t l b t i


75/89

89 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

controls accessbetween an insecureexternal network

(e.g. Internet) to the secure network of anorganisation

Screens all incoming and outgoing packets

degree of protection offered by a firewalldepends on itsconfiguration

FirewallAccess Policy


76/89

90 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Traffic

PermittedTraffic

Permitted

Traffic

Traffic

Process

Discarded

Packets

Process

Restricted Traffic

Restricted Traffic

Secure

Network

Access Policy

Firewall

Firewalls

A firewall is placed at the point where a


77/89

91 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

A firewall is placed at the point where asecure network connects to an insecure

network A firewall does not protect the network

against:

Theft of data by employees

Damage caused by virus infection

Attacks made on a network from within

the network

Generally, firewalls consists of threemain components:

Packet filtering

A lication level atewa s

Packet filtering


78/89

92 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Packet filtering can be implemented by

using a router

Packet filtering works filtering incomingand outgoing packets based on filteringrules before consulting the routingtable

Simple to implement and offers simplelevel of security

Does not hide network topology fromthe outside world

Application level gateways


79/89

93 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Performs application filtering (for

example, web proxy)

Also referred to as Proxies

Application filtering supports moresecurity policies than packet filtering

Application filtering can hide thenetwork topology from the outsidenetwork

Circuit level gateways


80/89

94 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

Circuit level gateways are a special

form of application level gateway.

Circuit level gateways operate at thesession layer of the OSI model or at theTCP layer of the TCP/IP model.

The function of circuit level gateways isto relay both TCP and UDP datagrams.

It offers no form of packet filtering orprocessing and often referred to astransparent gateways.

Circuit level gateways are implementedfor monitoring only outward boundconnections.

Summary of UMTS signalling andinterfaces

The next two slides summarise the implementation of


81/89

96 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

The next two slides summarise the implementation ofdifferent interfaces with respect to:

RAN interfaces

Core network interfaces

RANinterface

Iub Interface:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

Procedures

- ATM

- Communication Control Ports- Node B Control Ports

- RACH/FACH/DCH Data Portsforming UE Context(s)

Iur Interface:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

- ATM

- SCCP over CCS7

Frame Protocols for Dedicated


82/89

97 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

s

BS Functions:- Modulation

- Rate Matching- Error Protection in Uu Interface- Uu Interface Channelisation- Macro Diversity (Softer Handover)

Uu Interface:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

Procedures

- WCDMA (Wideband CodeDivision Multiple Access)

- DPDCH and DPCCH Channels

- Optimised, application-relatedprotocols suitable for bothpacket and circuit switchedtraffic

- Radio Link (RL) Setup- RL Reconfiguration- RL Addition- RL Deletion- Radio Access Bearer Mgmt

- Radio Link (RL) Setup- RL Reconfiguration- RL Addition- RL Deletion- Power Control Information

- Handover Signalling- Measurement Reports

Procedures

- Frame Protocols for DedicatedChannels over ATM

- Radio Link (RL) Setup- RL Reconfiguration

- RL Addition- RL Deletion- Power Control Information- Handover Signalling- Measurement Reports

Iu Interface for CN Packet Domain:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

Procedures

- ATM

- RANAP over CCS7 or IP

- GTP (GPRS TunnellingProtocol) over UDP/IPover AAL5

- Radio Access Bearer Management

- SRNC Relocation- Direct Transfer Procedures(Direct Signalling between UEand the CN Packet Domain)

Iu Interface for CN Circuit Domain:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

Procedures

- ATM

- RANAP over CCS7

- Optimised, application-relatedprotocols over ATM AAL2

- Radio Access Bearer Management- SRNC Relocation- Direct Transfer Procedures

(Direct Signalling between UEand the CN Circuit Domain)

BS

BS RNC

RNC

RNC Functions:Radio Resource Management

Telecommunication Management

- Admission Control- Code Allocation- Load Control- Power Control- Handover Control (HO)- Macro Diversity (Soft HO)

- Radio Access Bearer (RAB)- RAB - Radio Link Mapping

Core networkinterfacesIu Interface for CN Circuit Domain:

Transport Plane

Control Plane- ATM

VLR - VLR MM:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

- CCS7

- CCS7 MTP,SCCP and MAP

MSC - MSC Traffic & MM: Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

- CCS7

- CCS7 MTP & ISUPand MAP for MM

MSC/VLR - HLR MM:


83/89

99 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

HLR&AC&EIR

MSC&VLR GMSC (&VLR)

Iu PSTN

Gi

3G RAN

Iu Interface for CN Packet Domain:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

Procedures

- ATM

- RANAP over CCS7 or IP

- GTP (GPRS TunnellingProtocol) over UDP/IPover AAL5


(Direct Signalling between UEand the CN Packet Domain)

Control Plane

User Plane

Procedures

- RANAP over CCS7

- Optimised, application-relatedprotocols over ATM AAL2


(Direct Signalling between UEand the CN Circuit Domain)

User Plane

Procedures- Security Parameter

Transfer

User Plane

Procedures- Traffic Path Setup (ISUP)- MSC-MSC Handover (MAP)

MSC/VLR HLR MM:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

Procedures

- CCS7

- CCS7 MTP,

SCCP and MAP

- Location Enquiry- Roaming Nbr Allocation- Location Registration- Security Parameter Alloc.

SGSN - GGSN:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

- ATM

- IP (GTP)

- IP

GGSN - Public IP:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

- ATM

- IP

CN Service Domain:Transport Plane

Control Plane

User Plane

- CCS7

- CCS7, MTP,SCCP, MAP,INAP, CAMEL


84/89

101 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

3G/UMTS Signalling and Interfaces

Review Questions

Review (1/2)MSC

RAN

Mobility CoreControl

Transport PCM

LapDControl

Transport PCM

BSSAP


85/89

102 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

PCM

ISUP

ATM

RANAP ov er CCS7

Iu-PS

RANAP o ver CCS7,

(later also ov er IP)

ATM

RNSAP

Iub

ATM

NBAP

TCSM

RAN

BSCMSC

ATM

Module

2G

SGSN

3G

SGSN

RNC

RNC

Gb

Abis HLR

p

InterfaceA

Transport

InterfacePCM

Control

Transport

Iu-CS

Control

Transport

Interface

Control

TransportInterface

ATM/IP

Iur

Control

Transport

Interface

Control

Transport

Interface

GSMBTS

WCDMABTS

PSTN

Review (2/5)

2 Which of the following sentences about the Radio Access Bearer is true?


86/89

104 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

2. Which of the following sentences about the Radio Access Bearer is true?

a. The RAB carries a connection between the terminal and the core

network.b. The RAB is a radio link signalling protocol.c. Voice is the only information on a RAB.d. All of the above.

3. Which of the following sentences about the Radio Resource Connection(RRC) is true?

a. The RRC is the connection between the terminal and the core network,upon which traffic is transferred.b. The RRC is the connection between the terminal and Radio AccessNetwork and contains the Radio Access Bearers.c. The RRC is the connection between the Radio Access Network andcore network and contains all the RABs from different terminals.

Review (3/5 )

4. Which of the following sentences about the ATM connection is correct?


87/89

105 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

4. Which of the following sentences about the ATM connection is correct?a. The virtual channels contain virtual paths for the data.b. There is one virtual path per virtual channel.c. One virtual circuit contains at the most one virtual channel.d. One virtual path can contain many virtual channels.

5. In the RNC, what is the function of the MAC (Medium Access Control)?

a. Selection of data to be inserted in Radio Frame.b. Selection of common channels.

c. Multiplexing of logical channels to transportation channels.d. Ciphering for real-time traffic.e. All of the above.

Review (4/5 )6. Which of the following sentences best describes the function and role of theNBAP protocol?

a. It is the protocol used between the network and the PSTN and used for callset up purposes


88/89

106 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

set-up purposes.b. It is the protocol used between two RNCs. It is used when one NC needs to

signal a cell in an URA and when performing soft handovers.c. It is the protocol used between the core network and the RNC and used forthe management of resources.d. It is the protocol used between the RNC and the BTS and used to control theallocation of resources.

7. Which of the following sentences best describes the function and role of theRANAP protocol?

a. It is the protocol used between the network and the PSTN and used for callset-up purposes.b. It is the protocol used between two RNCs and used when one RNC needs tosignal a cell in an URA and performing soft handovers.c. It is the protocol used between the core network and the RNC and used forthe management of resources.d. It is the protocol used between the RNC and the BTS and used to control the

allocation of resources.

Review (5/5 )8. Which of the following sentences best describes the function and role of the

RNSAP protocol?

a It is the protocol used between the network and the PSTN and used for call


89/89

107 NOKIA 6-65766 v.5 / 25.10.2004

a. It is the protocol used between the network and the PSTN and used for callset-up purposes.

b. It is the protocol used between two RNCs. It is used when one RNC needs tosignal a cell in an URA and when performing soft handovers.c. It is the protocol used between the core network and the RNC and used forthe management of resources.d. It is the protocol used between the RNC and the BTS and used to control theallocation of resources.

9. Which of the following sentences best describes the function and role of the

ISUP protocol?a. It is the protocol used between the network and the PSTN and used for callset-up purposes.b. It is the protocol used between two RNCs. It is used when one RNC needs tosignal a cell in a URA and when performing soft handovers.c. It is the protocol used between the core network and the RNC and used forthe management of resources.d. It is the protocol used between the RNC and the BTS and used to control theallocation of resources.

introduction to umts signalling and interfaces_oct2004_p

Documents

umts network

usersignalling layer

umtsnetwork interfaces

umts model

interfaces summarised

network interfacesthroughout

module topics introduction

management layers