introduction to therapeutic modalities 14 may 20151
TRANSCRIPT
Today’s Topic
Introduce the inflammatory response (the physiological effect of injury)
The role of therapeutic modalities in the treatment of athletic injuries
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Inflammatory Response
Definition:
- protective response of tissues of body to irritation or injury
Causes of inflammation:
- foreign body, physical trauma, electrical energy, temperature extremes
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Process of Inflammation
Transient vasoconstriction then tissue bleedingRelease of chemical mediators (bind to plug)
- histamines & bradykinins
- causes swelling and isolates the area
- pressure on nerve endingsClot formed WBC activate endothelial cells -
phagocytosis (destroy bacteria and engulf dead cells)
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Treatment Goals
Break the P-S cycleControl pain!!!Minimize extent (edema/effusion)Minimize secondary tissue damage
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Txt - 1st 24 - 72 hours
Use of cold (cryotherapy)
1. Decreases bleeding in tissues
2. Slows/decreases nerve impulses
3. Decreases mm spindle action
4. Decreases demand for O2
5. Decreases 2° tissue damage
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Principles of Treatment & Rehabilitation
1st 72 hours: follow basic protocols
P: protect
R: rest injured tissue/modify activity
I: apply ice to area 20-30 min/hr
C: compression wraps
E: elevationencourage active, pain free ROM
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Principles of Treatment & Rehabilitation
Beginning on day 3???
1. Other modalities
2. Exercise programs
3. Manual therapy
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Objectives of Treatment & Rehabilitation
Assist healingRegain length & strength of injured tissueRegain function:
1. CV fitness
2. Endurance
3. Speed
4. Psychomotor skills
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Healing & Recovery Times
Muscle: 6 weeksTendon & ligaments: 12 weeks
- some (ACL) 8-12 monthsBone & joints: 6-12 weeks
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Modality Intervention
Limit pain-spasm cycleMinimize inflammatory responseEnhance healingAllows better tolerance to rehabilitation
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Categories of Modalities
CryotherapySuperficial thermotherapyPenetrating thermotherapyLight therapyElectrotherapyMechanical therapy
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Other Modalities
Contrast therapyPhonophoresis Iontophoresis BiofeedbackHyperbaric O2 therapy
Therapeutic magnets
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Review
Transmission of thermal energy
• Conduction• Convection• Radiation• Conversion
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Physiological Effects of Cryotherapy
Decreases nerve impulses & conduction velocityDecreases muscle spindle activityDecreases tissue bleedingDecreases demand for O2 fewer cells damaged
Lowers tissue temperatureReduces pain & spasm
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Techniques of Application
Ice bags 20-30 minutesIce massage 10 - 15 minutesImmersion 5-12 minutes
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Considerations
Frostbite????Cold allergiesApply through a towel?Raynaud’s phenomenomParoxysmal cold hemoglobinuriaNerve palsy
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