introduction to the nap and nama processes and the relation to climate finance
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to the NAP and NAMA processes and the relation to climate finance
Armine Avagyan Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA) Programme, FAO
26-27 October 2015,
ASEAN-CRN Workshop on Promoting Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices
Outline
1. Concept of NAPs
2. FAO-UNDP NAPs programme
3. Introduction to NAMAs
4. FAO online learning tool on NAMAs in agriculture
5. Financing mechanisms for NAPs and NAMAs.
National Adaptation Plans: NAPs
National adaptation plans
National adaptation plans (NAPs): In 2010 during COP 16 of the UNFCCC, a process was established to enable the least developed countries and later developing countries to formulate and implement NAPs for medium- and long-term adaptation needs.
Currently, FAO’s aims to • Develop a agriculture specific roadmap for NAPs • Strengthen Ministries of Agriculture as key stakeholder in the NAPs process • Establish baselines for adaptation • Conduct advocacy, capacity building and knowledge sharing on NAPs • Identify climate finance for adaptation actions
Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans
FAO and UNDP have joined forces to meet country requests on identifying and integrating climate adaptation measures for the agricultural sectors into
relevant national planning and budgeting processes.
safeguard livelihoods
boost food security
raise agricultural production
improve medium- to long-term planning and budgeting processes
Target countries
Duration: 4 years (2015 to 2018)
Budget: US$12 million
Solutions tailored to country needs
• setting up an early-warning system for climate risks • educating farmers in the use of drought-tolerant seeds, plants and
trees • expand eucalyptus plantations for charcoal
Uganda
• expand efforts to map vulnerability to food insecurity due to climate change
• explore ways to scale up risk-transfer mechanisms for farming communities
Philippines
• conservation of drought-resistant crop varieties by adopting water-conserving farming practices and promoting crop diversification.
Nepal
Priorities in country workplans
Pri
ori
tie
s
Strengthen capacities to link climate policy and public finance
Mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into agriculture sector plans, policies, budgets (both national and provincial)
Improve impact monitoring frameworks
Understand climate benefits of adaptation options and their planning/budgeting implications
Improve evidence base for adaptation plans for the agricultural sector
Improve evidence base for agricultural sector inputs into National Climate Change strategy/policy
Stock-taking
Skills assessment
Policy analysis
Capacity development
Impact monitoring
Additional support: global technical specialists
Agricultural economics
Climate science
Climate downscaling and modelling
Economics of adaptation
Cost-benefit analysis
Impact monitoring
National adaptation planning
Planning and budgeting
Communications &
knowledge management
Contact:
[email protected]; [email protected]
For more information:
www.adaptation-undp.org/naps-agriculture
www.fao.org/climate-change
Nationally appropriate mitigation actions: NAMAs
Nationally appropriate mitigation actions
In line with national
sustainable development
priorities
Reduce GHG emissions
Monitorable, reportable
and verifiable
Can receive support from
domestic and/or
international sources
NAMAs
NAMAs concept was introduced in 2007 in UNFCCC’s Bali Action Plan:
“ […] Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner.”
(Decision 1/CP.13, paragraph 1 (b) (ii))
NAMAs sectorial distribution
In the NAMA UNFCCC registry as of August 2015: • 117 registered NAMAs; • 16 % in the AFOLU sector.
AFOLU NAMAs examples
Country Title Timeframe Status
Costa Rica
Livestock NAMA 15 years Financially supported by the Inter-American Bank
Low carbon coffee 5 years
Financially supported by the Inter-American Bank and NAMA Facility
Dominican Republic
Blue Carbon NAMA: Conserve and restore mangroves
18 months Seeking support for preparation
Reducing GHG emission in pig farms 15 years Seeking support for implementation
Georgia Adaptive sustainable forest management
2 years Financially supported by the Government of Austria
Uganda Developing appropriate strategies and techniques to reduce methane emissions from livestock production
6 months Seeking support for preparation
NAMAs benefits
In addition to reducing and/or removing GHG emissions, a number of agricultural practices may also:
support climate change adaptation;
address agriculture as a driver of deforestation;
reduce agriculture’s contribution to pollution of water sources;
promote access to energy in rural areas; and
foster food security.
FAO NAMA learning tool for AFOLU
Module 1
Climate change and agriculture
Module 2
Background on NAMAs
Module 3
Step by Step NAMA Development
Module 4
Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV)
Module 5
NAMA financing
Structure of the tool
To overcome knowledge barriers FAO developed a NAMA tool for agriculture and land use which aims to help agriculture sector stakeholders start NAMA identification and planning. Format Web-based detailed guidance, Available for individual learning online at http://bit.ly/fao-nama-tool
NAMAs, NAPs and Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA)
GHG emission reduction and
removal
Income, productivity,
and food security
Climate change
adaptation and resilience
NAPs and NAMAs can • address all pillars of CSA • be used for up-scaling of
the CSA practices.
International financing sources Green Climate Fund NAMA Facility
Austrian NAMA Initiative
Global Environment Facility (GEF) Fund
International Climate Initiative (ICI)
Latin American Investment Facility
Climate-related ODA funding
ADB Climate Change Fund (CCF)
ClimDev-Africa Special Fund (CDSF)
Climate Development Knowledge Network (CDKN)
Total, climate financing worth USD 100 billion expected to be mobilized annually by 2020 and disbursed through a number of channels, such as the Green Climate Fund.
Climate finance: Green Climate Fund
• Established at COP 16, decision 1/CP.16
• Created to support low-emission and climate-resilient investments in developing countries.
• USD 10 billion was already pledged in 2014
FAO and GCF- FAO expects accreditation and meantime:
• Provides support to country-led proposal development on an as-needs basis.
• Develops overarching programme frameworks, in line with FAO’s Strategic Framework:
GCF Allocation Framework
Image source: GCF
Overview of criteria for NAMA support • Amount of GHG reductions
• Transformational change
• Sustainable development benefits
• Sustainability and replicability
• MRV of GHGs and other performance metrics
Effectiveness
• Description with clear boundaries and plans
• Consistency with national development plans
• High-level political support and country ownership
• Support from sector stakeholders
• Capacity to implement
Implementation plan
• Budget with national contributions
• Catalytic impact of international finance contribution
• Leveraging private-sector investment
• No duplication with other finance sources
• Risk mitigation
Financing plan
Source: Adapted from Wilkes et al. 2013b.
In agriculture, private sector is automatically engaged in NAMAS because farmers are usually private entrepreneurs.
Private investment both national and international can be attracted by:
Public climate financing acts as a catalyst to leverage private sector financing.
If NAMAs bring sufficiently high financial returns, they become attractive to the private sector.
Private domestic financing is also needed to leverage international financing.
Life-cycle approach for GHG reduction engages also other private value chain actors (farm, post-harvest storage, transportation, processing, retailing, consumption and disposal) in NAMA development.
Stable political situation and clear commercial mechanisms
Provision of incentives
(e.g. soft loans and
guarantees)
Elimination of barriers
Demonstration of profitability and low risk
Private investment
