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Slide 1

Introduction to the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

•  The industrial Revolution can be defined as:

•  the application of power driven machinery to manufacturing

Slide 2

Slide 3

From the Agrarian world to the Industrialized world

•  Lord Townshend in England introduced crop rotation – land could now be used year-round;

•  Enclosures forced people to move from the country to the towns

• More food produced = population increase (1700 there were about 100 million people in Europe,

by 1800 the population had grown to 190 million) • New technology development changed

the way people worked

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Slide 4

Textile Industry Takes Off

• Domestic system (cottage industry) had dominated the early 1700s; merchants dropped off raw materials at people’s homes, picked up finished products later

Slide 5

Textile Industry Takes Off

•  Series of inventions modernize textile manufacturing, including:

•  1733 - Flying Shuttle (John Kay) – Used to weave cloth

The Spinning Jenny

Slide 6

Textile Industry Takes Off

•  1760 – Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves) – Allowed for multiple threads to be woven together

•  1769 – Water Frame (Richard Arkwright) – Used water to power the spinning frame

The Spinning Jenny

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Slide 7

Textile Industry Takes Off

•  1785 – Water Loom (Edmund Cartwright) – First machine that could weave cloth

•  1793 – Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) – Machine that separated cotton seeds from the cotton

Plans for the Cotton Gin

Slide 8

Textile Industry Takes Off

•  These advancements resulted in the movement of work from the home to the factory

Plans for the Cotton Gin

Slide 9

Britain Industrializes First

•  1715-1850 •  Natural resources

available in Britain:large amounts of coal and iron

•  Geographical advantages include a large river system for water power

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Slide 10

Britain Industrializes First

•  Colonial empire provided raw materials and markets

•  Spreads to continental Europe, United States of America, and Japan between 1850 and 1914

Slide 11

Changes Brought by the Industrial Revolution

•  Invention of the steam engine in 1763 by James Watt shifts labor from humans and animals to machines

•  Inventions continue to make life, manufacturing, and farming easier and better

•  Continuous reinvestment of profits fuel even greater growth

•  Inventions in one area often led to inventions in others

•  Transportation and communication systems are greatly enhanced