introduction to short stories 9 honors. what is a short story? o a genre of fiction o tells a story...
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION TO SHORT STORIES
9 HONORS
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WHAT IS A SHORT STORY?
o A genre of fiction o Tells a storyo Is shorto Yeaho …
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICSo Prose
o usually 500 to 20,000 words; shorter pieces of prose are called “microfiction” or “flash fiction”
o No useless language
o Can be read in a single sitting
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HISTORY OF THE MODERN SHORT STORY
o Originated in the United States in the mid 19th century o Washington Irvine, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poeo Poe–qualities of the “short story”o Magazines=Lady $ o audiences were usually northern, middle class white people
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POE AND ARTISTIC UNITY o Poe’s essential characteristics of a short story:
- unity
- brevity
- intensity
Poe’s definition of artistic unity in his “Philosophy of Composition”: “That condition of a successful literary work whereby all its elements work together for the achievement of its central purpose. In an artistically unified work nothing is included that is irrelevant to the central purpose, nothing is omitted that is essential to it, and the parts are arranged in the most effective order for the achievement of that purpose.”
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ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORYo Setting (including mood and tone)o Characterizationo Ploto Conflicto Point of viewo Theme
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TYPES OF CONFLICT *ACCORDING TO THE 7TH GRADE SOL*
INTERNAL o Man vs. SelfEXTERNALo Man vs. Mano Man vs. Natureo Man vs. Societyo Man vs. Fate
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THEME MUST BE
o Be something that is not a thing that’s vagueo Universally relatable (N.B. must apply to the entire cosmos to count)
o “Important”o Provide unity to the story (cohesion)o Significance?
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FICTION TERMINOLOGY
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VERISIMILITUDE
o Opposite of “The dog ate my homework”o Postmodern: the “truth” of a text may challenge conventional understandings
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STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
o HOMEWORK. COMPUTER. INTERNET. SHINY OBJECT. SQUIRREL?
- William James (1890)o See into the protagonists’ mind (often a scary place to be)oModernists: James Joyce, Virginia Woolf
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BILDUNGSROMAN* oBoy + Time & Trauma = Man
o + =
*A clear reference to the Roman Empire’s superior sewage system
Who has two thumbs and is disillusioned? This guy.
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PICARESQUE
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CATHARSIS
o All the feels o Pity and Fear
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DEUS EX MACHINE
UnfixableProblem
Mo’
Mon
ey
Mo’
Prob
lem
s
99 ProblemsBut I Can’t Fix One
MAGIC SOLUTI
ON
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MAJOR LITERARY MOVEMENTS OVERVIEW
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OVERVIEW: WHAT IS A LITERARY MOVEMENT
o Trends defined by time period shared intellectual, historical, religious, and artistic influences
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Realism: literature as a faithful representation of realityo Spawned by the Civil War
o Boring people matter too
o Dialect
Regionalism was a type of realism that focused on a particular geographical areao Place Personifiedo Mark Twain, Kate Chopin, Charles Chesnutt
REALISM: 1850’S-1900
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NATURALISM: 1865-1900
Naturalism was a more extreme form of Realismo emphasized man’s lack of power against natureo pessimistic; often uses nameless characterso heredity, environment, and fate control character’s outcomes
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MODERNISM: 1900-1950oWWI, Prohibition, and the Great Depression o (Present day) people suck nostalgia for simpler timeso America seems to lose her innocenceo Disillusionment and the impersonal nature of the world are major themes o Ex-pats
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HARLEM RENAISSANCE: 1920-1929
o African-American artists, writers, musicians, and performers were part of a great cultural movement that sprung out of the jazz clubs in New York City, Chicago, and New Orleanso Mainstream America was gathering an appreciation for African art and cultureo addressed issues of race, class, religion, and gender
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POSTMODERNISM o Contemporary literature; Postmodernism is an amalgam of many techniques and styleso “Truth”= Irony=o Narrator/Plotlinesover 9,000 oNature of being, existing, or realityoSo what?oWhy is this significant?oAnd we care because…?