introduction to public speaking. the benefits! the ability to speak confidently and convincingly in...

Introduction To Public Speaking

The Benefits!

The ability to speak confidently and convincingly IN PUBLIC is an asset to anyone who wants to take an active role in his or her classroom, workplace or community.

Agree or Disagree?

Advance Professional Goals!

Where does the skill of public speaking fall in the list of most sought after skills by companies?

Advance Professional Goals!12. Organizational Skills11. Leadership skills10. Detail-oriented9. Computer Skills8. Flexibility/Adaptability7. Motivation/Initiative6. Analytical Skills5. Teamwork Skills (works well with others)4. Strong Work Ethic

Advance Professional Goals!

TOP 3!

3. Interpersonal Skills (relates well to others)

2. Honesty/Integrity1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS (written

and verbal)

Enhance Your Career As A Student!

Preparing speeches involves numerous skills that you can use in other courses.

What are they?


Research

Analyze Audiences

Support and prove claims

Select patterns for organizing ideas


Diverse courses often require an oral presentation component

Technical disciplines require explanation of complex information clearly.

Charts, graphs and other presentation aids are an important part of such presentations


Identifying target audiences

Selection of appropriate modes of delivery

The business major who must communicate with multiple audiences including co-workers, managers, clients and customers.

Explore and Share Values

Occasion for speaker and audience to focus on ideas and events about which they feel strongly

Public speaking offers a unique opportunity to explore values, deep-seated feelings and ideas about what is important in life.

Explore and Share Values

Allows you to express and explore those of others in civil dialogue, regardless if the audience shares your viewpoint

Speaking to an audience whose knowledge or opinions differ from yours can be more satisfying that addressing those with similar opinions

Hone Critical Thinking and Listening Skills

Sharpens your ability to reason and think critically

You will learn to construct claims and then present evidence and reasoning to logically support them

Ability to recognize weak links and strengthen them

Hone Critical Thinking and Listening Skills

You will become a more critical receiver of speeches

You will be able to better decide what information is misinformation disguised as logic for the purpose of selling, deceiving or exploiting.

Questions? Disagreements?

Public Speaking as a Form of Communication

Scholars identify four categories of human communication… Four categories YOU SHOULD KNOW! (Hint, hint! TAKE NOTES!)

1. Dyadic Communication – Communication between two people

2. Small Group Communication – Involves a small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another (i.e. business meeting)


3. Mass Communication – Occurs between a speaker and a large audience of unknown people. The receivers are not present with the speaker (i.e. TV, radio and mass rallies)


4. Public Speaking – A speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people. Always includes a speaker who has a reason

for speakingAn audience that gives its attentionA message that is meant to accomplish

somethingAddress audience without interruptionTakes responsibility for the words

Similarities Between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication

Like Small GroupRequires that you address a group of people who are

focused on you and expect you to clearly discuss issues relevant to the topic

Like Mass CommunicationRequires that you understand and appeal to the

audience members interests, attitudes and valuesLike Dyadic

Requires that you attempt to make yourself understood, involve and respond to your conversational partners and take responsibility for what you say.

Similarities Between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication

Key feature of any communication is sensitivity to the listeners.

Whether speaking to one person or one hundred people, they want to feel that you care about their interests, desires and goals.

Skilled speakers do it in a way that is organized, easy to follow, believable, relevant and interesting.

Differences Between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication

Public Speaking presents different opportunities for feedback.Public Speaking offers middle ground between

low and high levels of feedback. Does not permit the constant exchange of

informationBut audience can and does provide ample

verbal and non-verbal cues as to what they are thinking and feeling


Examples of Feedback:

Facial expressions

Vocalizations (laughter, boos, etc.)

Gestures

Applause


Differs in the amount of preparation neededMust be more careful and extensive

Why?Less opportunity for feedbackYou must anticipate how your audience will

react to your speech


Differs in degree of formalitySpeeches tend to occur in more formal settingsGraduations, weddings, etc., naturally lend

themselves to speeches; they provide a focus and give a “voice” to the event

So what is “Communication”?

The Communication Model

SenderSpeaker

ReceiverAudience

FeedbackMessage

Encoding

Decoding

Decoding

Encoding

NoiseNoise

Elements of Communication

The Source (Sender) – The person that creates the messageThe speaker transforms ideas and thoughts into

messages and sends them to a receiver or audience.The speaker decides what messages are to be sent and

how they will be sent.

Encoding – The process of organizing the message, choosing the words and sentence structure and verbalizing the message


The Receiver (Audience) – The receiver interprets the message in ways that are unique to that person

Decoding – Process of interpreting the messageAlthough the sender/speaker may intend a

message to carry a specific meaning, the receiver/audiences interprets the message based on their own experiences and attitudes


Feedback – The audience’s response to the messageCan be conveyed both verbally and non-

verballyOften indicates whether a speakers message

has been understoodNOTE – Feedback is actually a message

whereby the receiver now becomes the senderThis role reversal represents the interactive

nature of public speaking


The Message – The content of the communication process: thoughts and ideas put into meaningful expressionsContent can be expressed verbally and non-

verbally.Miscommunication can happen when the

audience misinterprets the speaker’s intended message or when the speaker misreads the audience feedback.


The Channel – Medium through which the speaker sends a messageLive audience – Channel = air wavesTelephone lines, televisions, computers, written

correspondence

Noise – Any interference with the messagePhysical sounds, psychological noise

(emotions), environmental (room temp., etc.)

The Communication Model

SenderSpeaker

ReceiverAudience

FeedbackMessage

Encoding

Decoding

Decoding

Encoding

NoiseNoise

introduction to public speaking. the benefits! the ability to speak confidently and convincingly in...

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