Public Health Engineering

Er.Pragnyan GhimireWash EngineerPh-9851237433Email-pragnyan24@gmail.comPublic Health Engineering

WASH

Water Sanitation And Hygiene

Introduction to PHE

The Application of Engineering for Protection of Human Health and Environment (Ecology) Which gives -knowledge-Skills-MethodologyFor To Minimize (Mitigation) or Prevent the spread of Communicable Diseases and to limit the threat of Anthropogenic and natural hazardsHowBy Examining diseases transmission Characteristics, Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards, and by learning Appropriate Control Strategy

Concept

Anthropogenic- Caused by Human beings3

WHY PHE in NEPAL

Sustainable Development Goals4

Cont.

Desalination is a process that involves removing the dissolved salt from ocean water. It is also a way of increasing the water supply in places where water is limited and very valuable.Water harvestingis the collection of runoff for productive purposes. Instead of runoff being left to cause erosion, it is harvested and utilized. In the semi-arid...How does it work?The process of removing the salt includes forcing water, under high pressure, through a filter that is fine enough to remove the salt.5

SDG 6 - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all The SDG 6 targets for 2030 include the following: (i) Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. Sustainable Development Goals, 2016-2030 National (Preliminary) Report 20 (ii) Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation. (iii) Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials. (iv) Substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors. (v) Implement integrated water resources management at all levels. (vi) Protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and glacial lakes.SDG 6 for Nepal

Basic water supply coverage in Nepal was 83.6 percent in 2014 while sanitation had reached 70.3 percent of the population. However, less than half (49.5 percent) of all households had access to piped water supplies (Annex IVf). Access to such supplies varies across social groups and by place of residence. Access to piped water is positively associated with household wealth, as almost all (99 percent) households in the highest wealth quintile are located within 30 minutes of a water source and access is uniform during both the rainy and dry seasons. Providing piped safe water is challenging as a recent survey indicated that 82.2 percent of households use water contaminated with E. coli (CBS, 2014). Although two-thirds (67.6 percent) of Nepals population use latrines, only 30 percent of urban households are connected to a sewerage systems. Two-fifths (41 percent) of local authorities (VDCs and municipalities) were declared open defecation free in 2014. However, there is still a challenge to close the sanitation gap in the Tarai (southern flatlands) to achieve universal access to basic sanitation. The proposed SDG 6 targets for Nepal 2030 include the following: (i) 99 percent household access to basic water supplies. (ii) 95 percent of households have access to a piped water supply and improved sanitation. (iii) All communities are open defecation free. (iv) All urban households are connected to a sewerage system (Annex IVf).

6

30. Rights regarding clean environment: (1) Each person shall have the right to live in a healthy and clean environment. (2) The victim of environmental pollution and degradation shall have the right to be compensated by the pollutant as provided for by law. (3) Provided that this Article shall not be deemed to obstruct the making of required legal provisions to strike a balance between environment and development for the use of national development works.35. Right to healthcare: (1) Every citizen shall have the right to seek basic health care services from the state and no citizen shall be deprived of emergency health care. (2) Each person shall have the right to be informed about his/her health condition with regard to health care services. (3) Each person shall have equal access to health care. (4) Each citizen shall have the right to access to clean water and hygiene. 51. State policies: G ) Policy regarding the conservation, management and use of natural resources: The State shall pursue a policy of prioritizing national investment in water resources based on peoples participation and making a multiutility development of water resources.The Constitution of Nepal

Solid Waste Management Act and Rule, Environment Protection Act and Rule, Local Self-Governance Act and Rule (1999), National Adaptation Plan of Action (2010), National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management (2009), National Agriculture Policy (2004), Local Infrastructure Development Policy, National Rural Energy Policy (2006), Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan (2010), Procedure of Local Bodys Resource Mobilization and Management Guidelines, Directives and Guidelines issued by the Ministry to support in carrying out local governance initiatives; Guidelines related to the Minimum Conditions and Performance Measurement issued to monitor the performance of local bodies, have provisioned to carry out waste management, environment protection and disaster management related basic works by the local bodies themselves or in their leadership or in their coordinationOthers Provisions

ADD More Importance Of Public Health

Supervision and Control of Water suppliesSewage DisposalSwimming poolsDairy SanitationInsect and rodent eradicationGarbage and Refuse DisposalEnvironmental SanitationIndustrial SanitationHeating and ventilationPlumbingHousingNoise ControlLightingCity planningDisaster ReliefWaterway pollutions

Sectors of PHE

Rodent-Not Flying mammals eg-rat,rabbit,Squarrel Eredication-Remove,Destroya10

Water Supply SchemesSewer Line and Treatment plantInstitutional/Public/Private Toilets Septic TanksHouse SanitationsHouse ConstructionSwimming poolsLandfill SiteBiogas/Solar energyAqueduct/Syphon/superpassage

Major PHE Construction

For DiscussionMerits and Demerits of PHE point of view

Construct the tap near (100m of the toilet)Comfortable and HygieneCostly(Design need)Planned city/StructuresNo Building Code Need of more landStandard Maintenance

12