introduction to project mercury and tracking sites handbook

8/8/2019 Introduction to Project Mercury And Tracking Sites Handbook

1/306

M G -101

projectmercury

INTRODUCTIONTO PROJECT MERCURYAND SITE HANDBOOK

preparedorNational Aeronautics and Space Adm inistration

Contract No. NAS1-430

September, 1960

WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC.220 Church Street, New York 13, N.Y.


2/306

M G-1 01-1

SCOPE OF THE MANUALThe Introduction to Project Mercury section of this manual presents a brief explanation of( 1 ) the mission concept and flight control, (2) the capsule-to-ground communications sys-tems, and (3) the ground tracking and network system. This information is to acquaint thereader with the overall content of the Mercury program and the operational modes of thevarious capsule and ground instrumentation, but does not include the technical details of

.. systems presented in other manuals.The Site Handbook, also included as a part of this manual, is prepared for those engaged inthe various ground support functions as well as for general purpose information. A briefdescription of instrum entation found at the various sites is included, w ith pertinent draw ingsand block diagram s. O ther inform ation is included relative to living conditions, geographicallocation, health conditions, and passport information that will be of assistance to personnelassigned to these areas.it will be noted that each section of this manual has its own page numbering and indexingsystem. This is done to facilitate issuance of each section independently of the other, shouldth is be de sira ble .


3/306

" MG101

INTRODUCTIONtoPROJECT MERCURY


4/306

MG-101 -1

FOREWORDThe Introduction to Project Mercury presents a brief explanationof (1) the objectives of the mission, (2) ground monitoringand control, (3) the flight sequence, (4) the air-to-ground com-munications system, and (5) the personnel assigned to the mis-sion. The information is general; it does not include technicaldetails of systems that are described in manuals specificallywritten for those systems.


5/306

J

ERRATASec. Page Paragraph Figure Correction

MG-101-1 3 Emergency Change period to a comma at the end of the firstProv. sentence.MG-101-2 2-9 2.4 ChangeFigure2-6 to Figure 2-5.MG-101-2 2-21 2-3 In the "explanation of the figure" example, opera-tion of key 11 should read operation of key 10and refers to the "O perations L oop."MG-101-2 3-22 3-14 Rhokbie should be Rhombic.MG-101-2 4-16 4-7 This should be figure4-7A.MG-101-2 4-28 4-15 Under Area 1 of the Legend delete "and Com-municationsrea."In the Communications area: change manualposition 522 to 552.MG-101-2 6-5 6.4 Figures6-22, -23, -23 Muchea shouldread 6-22,-23, -2d Muchea.MG-101-2 7-5 7.2.7 The reference to Figure 7-6 should read Figure7-8.MG-101-2 7-11 7-3 This figureshould be designatedFigure 7-3A.MG-101-2 7-12 7-5 This figure should be designatedFigure 7-3B.MG-101-2 8-12 8-4 This figure should be designated Figure 8-4A.MG-101-2 8-13 8-4 This figttre should be designated Figure 8-4B.MG-101-2 8-14 8-5 This figure should be designatedFigure 8-5A.MG-101-2 8-15 8-5 This figure should be designated Figure 8-5B.


6/306

MG-101-1

TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Title Pag

Objectivesof theMission 1 TheCapsule 5Ground Monitoringand Control 1 PhysicalDescription 5NormalMissionDescription 3 CommunicationsSystem 5

EmergencyProvisions 3 Other CapsuleSystems t 1Recovery Provisions 5 Personnel Assignments 11

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSFigure Title Page Figure Title Pag1 NetworkStation Distribution viii 5 MissionSequence 72 FlightVehicle 2 6 PrimeRecoveryAreas 93 LaunchandInsertionStages 4 7 TheCapsule 104 Reentry and Recovery Stages 6

LIST OF TABLESTable Title Page Table Title Pag1-.t Master Functional Block Dia- l-2 Subsystem Functional Block

gram Numbering System 1-5 Diagram Numbering System 1-5

vii


7/306


8/306

MG-101-1

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MERCURYOBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION a. Direct the entire flight in respect to theProject Mercury is the initial United States mission;Government program directed toward manned b. Monitor the flight in respect to aeromedicalorbital flight. The major objectives of Project and capsule systems;Mercury are to: c. Keep the Astronaut and range stations in-a. Place a manned space capsule into a pre- formed of mission progress;scribed orbit around the earth and to success-fully recover the capsule and its occupant at the d. Coordinate all of the range stations andconclusion of the mission; maintain a smooth flow of information to allof the units involved in the operation;b. Investigate the capabilities of man-in-spaceenvironment, including launch and reentry ac- e. Supply information and alert the recoverycelerations and weightlessness during orbit; forces following the decision to start reentry.c. [';valuate the engineering and operational In particular, the Control Center is responsibleaspects of flight preparations and inflight moni- for assessing proper insertion of the capsuletoring with emphasis on flight safety and mission into its specific orbit and, normally, for de-control, cidingwhetherto abort the missionduringTo accomplish these objectives, a series of powered flight. A station in Bermuda actsmanned capsules will be placed in orbit. The mainly as an extension of the Canaveral Controlcapsule will make one, two, or three passes Center and confirms that a proper insertion hasaround the earth, and then reenter and land in been achieved. Bermuda may also b.e requireda predetermined area in the Atlantic Ocean. A to participate in the reentry operation in casenetwork of ground tracking and communica- an abort is commanded by the Control Centertions stations at various points around the earth or communications between Canaveral andmonitors the status of the capsule and maintains Bermuda are disrupted.communications with its occupant during themission. In addition to Cape Canaveral and Bermudathere are 14 other network stations at variousThe ultimate manned orbital flights will be points along the orbital tracks around the earthpreceded by a series of suborbital (manned and (Figure 1). Twelve of these stations provideunmanned) and orbital (unmanned) buildup communications to the Astronaut and telemetryflights to provide for: reception during the mission. The remaininga. Qualification of the Mercury capsule systems two, located in the continental U.S., only pro-and structure; vide tracking of the capsule during orbit andb. Evaluation of all environmental conditions reentry. A central computing and communica-experienced in launch, powered flight, weight- tions center at the Goddard Space Flight Center,lessness, reentry, and landing; Beltsville, Maryland, provides the requiredorbital and reentry computing operations asc. Training and operational experience gained well as the communications link between theby the ground support systems and associatedequipment, remote stations and the Control Center.

These stations are manned by the followingGROUND MONITORING AND two groups.CONTROL a. Flight Controllers monitor the flight statusThe Mercury Control Center at Cape Canav- of the capsule and overall conduct of theeraI is the focal point of the entire operation, mission, and advise and assist the Astronaut inThe primary functions of the Control Center making decisions as required. The Flight Con-are to: trollerspreparea summaryreportat the comple

1


9/306

MG-101-1

FIGURE 2. FLIGHT VEHICLE

2


10/306

MG-101-1

tion of each pass for transmission to the Control cretion, maneuver the capsule to any desiredCenter. position.Thecapsulecompletesone, two,ob. Maintenance and operating personnel three orbital cycles as determined from informa-(M&O) provide technical support in the oper- tion obtained by the Astronaut and the groundation of the various tracking, telemetry, and monitors during orbital flight.communications systems. At the preselected time of retrofiring, whicThe unmanned series of Mercury flights are is the initiation of reentry from orbit, themonitored and controlled by ground command, capsule is maneuvered to the desired retrofiringThe manned Mercury flights have the added angle and, at the precise time, the retrorocketscapability of Astronaut command through his are fired. The capsule is then maneuvered toown actions or by request from the ground, the desired reentry attitude, and an attitude holdmode is initiated by the automatic control sysNORMAL MISSION DESCRIPTION tem. After a short delay, the retropackage iThe launch vehicle which is shown with the jettisoned. The capsule attitude is maintaineduntil the capsule begins its atm ospheric reentry,Mercury capsule and escape tower in Figure 2, at which time the automatic control systemwill place the capsule in orbit. The launch will reverts to a pure damping mode.be from one of the launch complexes at CapeCanaveral. The launch azimuth of the vehicle The descent continues to approximately 42,000will be approximately north-northeast with the feet when a pressure-sensing device causesnominal insertion point between Canaveral and drogue chute to be deployed to provide staBermuda at an altitude of approximately 100 bilization and deceleration. At 10,000 feetmiles, a largeparachute,64 feetindiameter,isdeThe launch and insertion stages are shown in ployed and the capsule continues to descenFigure 3; the reentry and recovery stages are at approximately 30 feet per second. ( A backshown in Figure 4; the mission sequence is up parachute is provided in case of a malfunc-illustrated in Figure 5. The escape tower re- tion of the main parachute.) At impact, themains with the capsule until approximately 15 parachute is released, the various onboard sysseconds after staging (booster separation), then tems are shut down, and the recovery aidthe tower is jettisoned. Once the proper velocity activated.and angle for orbit have been achieved, theguidance system initiates sustainer engine cut- Emergency Provisionsoff and the capsule separation sequence is The capsule can be separated from the vehicleinitiated. After five seconds, during which the by an escape rocket system. If there is a malcapsule is in a damping mode, the automatic function of the launch vehicle or the capsulecontrol system causes the capsule to rotate during the period from imminent launch throughthrough 180 so that the blunt end (heat powered flight. The system consists of a pylonshield) faces in the direction of travel. In this mounted rocket configuration that is used upattitude, the Astronaut travels backwards. At to just beyond staging. From that point up tothe same time, the blunt end is tilted upward sustainer cutoff, the separation is accomplishedto the reentry attitude to allow immediate re- by posigrade (capsule base-mounted) rockets.entry in case conditions at insertion are judged Firing the rockets can be accomplished on com-inadequate for at least one orbit or in case an mand (1) from the ground, (2) by the Astronaut,emergency capsule or Astronaut condition or (3) by a special vehicle automatic abort sensexists. After five minutes the capsule is ma- ing system.neuvered to the normal orbital attitude of 14.5degrees, which is required so that a device Immediately after insertion, at the end of anyknown as the horizon scanner has a full view complete pass, or even during orbit, a reentryof the horizon for navigation and observation, could be commanded by the Astronaut or direcgroundcommandromcertainof thenetwoDuring orbit, the Astronaut may, at his dis- sites.

3


11/306

MG-101-1

FIGURE3. LAUNCH AND INSERTIONSTAGES

4


12/306

MG-101-1

RecoveryProvisions supplied directly to the suit, for breathing andventilation, as w ell as to the cabin com partm ent.A number of prime recovery areas (Figure 6) The equipment within the capsule interior ishave been selected between Cape Canaveral arranged so that all operating controls andand the West African coast to provide access to manual overrides are accessible to the Astro-the capsule following a landing. If an abortoccurs during any part of the powered flight naut. Cabin equipment basically consists of(from liftoff through insertion), the capsule is instrument and display panels, navigationalexpected to impact along the areas labeled A aids, flight and abort control handles, food andthrough A5. Areas B, C, and D will be used water supply, waste containers, etc. Communi-respectively if a reentry is commanded at the end cations equipment will transmit technical dataon the status of both the capsule and the Astro-of orbital pass. The recovery teams are pro-vided with impact prediction data obtained from naut to the ground stations.the netw ork tracking and associated com putingfacilities, as well as the recovery aids in the Communications Systemcapsule, to accomplish the recovery operation Voice Communicationswithin a specified time. Although some definite Communications in the capsule consist of:plan for recovery from a reentry in other (con- a. Two ultra-high-frequency (UHF) trans-tingency) areas will be arranged, every con-sideration will be made to avoid impact under mitter/receivers;those circumstances in view of the extreme b. One high-frequency (HF) (designatedrecovery problems expected. MAIN) transmitter/receiver;c. One HF (designated RECOVERY) trans-THE CAPSULE mitter/receiver;PhysicalDescription d. Transmissionof Morse code by keying te-leme try car rie r;The Mercury capsule (Figure 7) is basically e. Reception of voice through command re-a conical structure consisting of a blunt, dish- ceivers.shaped forebody and an upper or afterbody. Theforebody measures approximately 6 feet at its The Astronaut can operate any one voice trans-maximum diameter; the afterbody extends ap- mitter at a time. However, simultaneously heproximately 10 feet from the blunt face. can receive HF, UHF, and voice modulationon the command receiver in his headset. EachThe forebody is a heat shield designrd to of these inputs has individual volume controls.protect the capsule from extreme thermal con-ditions during reentry flight. It is also designed The primary voice system is UHF and era-to prevent capsule damage on landing impact, ploys amplitude modulation (AM). ThisAttached to the heat shield are two sets of system is available to the Astronaut from launchrocket assemblies. The posigrade set provides through recovery. He can select either of twofor capsule separation from the missile; the UHF transmitter/receivers. They are indenticalretrograde set produces a decrement in orbital except that one transmitter, designated HIGHvelocity for reentry at the end of the mission. POWER (approximately two watts), employs

an additional power amplifier to increase theThe afterbody consists of a truncated, cone- output; the second transmitter, designated LOWshaped structure that contains the Astronaut's POWER (approximately half a watt), uses thepressurized compartment. Above this is a 30- basic transmitter alone.inch diameter cylindrical section containing the If adequate communications cannot be ob-landing parachute, onboard recovery systems, tained with UHF, the Astronaut can select aand the main communications antenna. secondary system, which is in the HF range.

--- The Astronaut rides strapped to a form-fitting This system consists of a transmitter/receivercouch in a fully pressurized suit. Oxygen is designated MAIN HF (five watts).5


13/306

MG-101-1

FIGURE 4. REENTRYAND RECOVERYSTAGES


14/306

MG-101 -1

:!

;i : : |'(; f i: i |......... ;REENTRY_ATTITUDE

: II

STAGING : DROGUEDEPLOY!

/I __J_I :I II II I

x: :

MAN: CHUTEDEPLOY

IRECOVERY..... RADIOANTENNA i.

FIGURE 5. MISSION SEQUENCE7


15/306

MG-101-1

There is a problem of antenna dielectric break- ignated A and B, transmit simultaneously fordown whenever the capsule HF voice trans- increased reliability. The systems conform es-mitter is operated between 200,000 and sentially to Inter-Range Instrumentation Group300,000 feet. At these altitudes, the aero- (IRIG) standards, differing only in modulationdynamic heating effects ionize the air. For this index and in commutator format. Four chan-reason, the HF transmitters are not used until nels are used for the Mercury mission. Chan-the capsule reaches approximately 400,000 feet. nels 5, 6, and 7 continuously transmit heartThe MAIN HF is then available, as required, and respiration data. Channel 12, using PAM/until reentry. During reentry, at approximately FM/FM (PAM indicates pulse amplitude10,000 feet when the antenna fairing is modulation), transmits other aeromedical, en-jettisoned to allow deployment of the para- vironmental, systems status, and events data. Achutes, HF communication is lost. But after total of approximately 70 commutated channelslanding, an HF rescue antenna and transmitter- are used. Both telemetry transmitters transmitreceiver (one watt) are activated, the same quantities for real-time display pur-Besides the voice systems, the Astronaut can poses; however, a few of the other transmittedkey the low-frequency transmitter (designated quantities being recorded on the ground aredifferent on the two systems. Telemetry trans-TELEMETER CHANNEL A) by flipping a mitter A can be keyed by the Astronaut, whichswitch on the control panel. He can receive will result in an interrupted signal or negativeMorse code over the UHF and HF voicechannels, keying.

BeaconsCommandSystem Beacons are provided to permit tracking byFor reliability, there are two independent, ground stations. An S-band beacon is providedsimultaneously operating command systems, for cooperative use by the ground Verlort radarEach is a frequency modulated (FM) receiverthat feeds a decoder section (tuned filters and and a C-band beacon is provided {or use withthe FPS-16 radar.relays), which in turn provides a number ofcommand channels for various capsule control Both the C- and S-band radar beacons havefunctions. Each command channel is activated receivers for accepting interrogation pulses fromby a subcarrier tone on the FM carrier. Sep- the appropriate tracking radar. To avoid re-arate power sources are provided for each unit sponse to unintentional radar signals, a double-and an emergency FM voice channel is also pulse code may be used. After a short delay,available, the beacon transmittersactively respond withCommand functions, which may be initiated a pulse to the interrogating radar.from the ground transmitters or by the Astro- A recovery beacon that contains both HF andnaut, are: UHF portions is also provided. The HF oper-a. Abort; ates on the internationaldistresssignal. TheUHF is a Search and Range and Homingb. Firing the retrorockets to initiate reentry; (SARAH) type of double-pulse homing beaconc. Resetting the clock in the capsule, operating on the international rescue frequency.In addition, a programer in the capsule will, Audio System and Control Panelon command from the ground, transmit over The audio center provides audio mixing, filter-the telemetry channels, calibration voltages of ing, and amplification for the microphones andzero and three volts for three seconds each. earphones, and includes a voice-operated relayAlso, for unmanned flights, the programer will circuitry for transmitter keying.transmit prerecorded tape messages, over thevoice channels, for communications evaluation. The control panel contains volume controlsfor three voice reception channels, the emer-Telemetry System gency telemetry key switch, and the direction-Two separate FM/FM telemetry systems, des- finding voice communications selector switch.8


16/306

MG-101-1

LEGENDA, A5 ABORT AT INSERTION _ RETROFIRING POINTB, B1 FIRST PASS AND RECOVERY AREA

CERTAIN LAUNCH ABORTS 1st ORBITC, C1 SECOND PASS .................. 2nd ORBITD, D1 THIRD PASS 3rd ORBIT

FIGURE 6. PRIME RECOVERY AREAS


17/306

MG-101-1

FIGURE 7. THE CAPSULE

1 0


18/306

MG-101-1

Antennas.--All communications systems except At the Mercury Control Center at Cape Ca-the radar beacons are multiplexed to a single naveral, key positions have been assigned toantenna, which is formed by electrically insulat- carry out the specific duties associated with theing two portions of the capsule. The resulting mission. These positions are: Operations Direcstructure resembles an antenna consisting of a tor, Network Commander, Recovery Task Forcedisk attached to the vertex of a cone. This is Commander, Flight Director, Network Statuscommonly known as a discone antenna. Monitor, Recovery Status Monitor, FlightDuring reentry, at i0,000 feet, the main an- Dynamics Officer, Retrofire Controller, Capsuletenna is released and a fan monopole descent Systems Monitor, Capsule, Communicator,antenna erects. The UHF voice, telemetry, and Flight Surgeon, Vehicle Telemetry Monitor,command systems are multiplexed to this an- Range Safety Observer, and Capsule Environ-tenna, mentMonitor.Immediately after landing, an antenna is raised The countdown and prelaunch operations wilto which the HE rescue and the HF portion of be coordinated at the Cape Canaveral Blockthe recovery beacon are duplexed, house. Until liftoff, this staff will be in closcommunication with the staff at the ControlRadar beacon antennas, three for each band, Center.are situated around the upper conical section The staff at Bermuda has responsibilities simat 120-degree intervals to provide circular po- ilar to those at the Control Center. Personnellarization, consist of: Flight Supervisor, Flight Surgeon,Capsule Environment M onitor, Capsule SystemsOther Capsule Systems Monitor, Flight Dynamics Officer, and CapsulOther systemsinclude: Communicator.a. Environmental control system; The Flight Monitoring Staff (Flight Controlb. Stabilizing control system; lers) at remote stations include: Capsule Com-municator, Aeromedical M onitor, and Capsulec. Sequencing system for various capsule Systems Monitor.events;d. Rocket systems for escape, separation, and The M&O Chief at each remote site (calledreentry, the SupportControlCoordinatorat Cape Canaveral) coordinates technical activities conTelemetry data and voice communications, cerned with maintenance and operation of thewhich are recorded onboard the capsule, are the ground support systems. He acts as liaison bebasic real-time information link between the tween the Flight Controllers and M&O perAstronaut and the ground stations, for flight sonnel and keeps the Flight Controllers informedmonitoring and control, about any equipment irregularities that maThe ground tracking and instrumentation sys- affect flight control.tern consists of 16 ground stations in addition The Communications Coordinator at eachto the Goddard Space Flight Center. Five of station coordinates and is responsible for alof the stations are located on existing ranges, incoming and outgoing range message trafficThere is one additional station in the continental both teletype and voice, where available. Dur-United States. Two of the stations are on ship- ing a mission operation, he is integrated intoboard and the eight remaining stations are on procedural activities to offer maximum cornforeign territory, munications support to the control personnel.PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENTS An M&O team is assigned to each groundsupport system at each site. Each team is reA basic operational organization has been es- sponsible for the proper operation of the systemtablished to control and coordinate efficiently to which it is assigned and for providing Flight" all activities contributing to the Mercury mis- Controllers with the best available source osion. data.

11


19/306

MG-101-2C-"

SITE HANDBOOK

---


20/306

MG-101-2

FOREWORDThe Site Handbook contains information on the functions,equipment, facilities, and environment of the sites. Functionalblock diagrams, simplified schematics, charts, and maps show

the interrelationship and locations of the systems at each site,as well as its administrative organization. Sites that have thesame or nearly similar system configurationsare combined intoa sin gle sectio n.


21/306

MG-101 - 2

TABLE OF CONTENTSSection Title Section Title

1 INTRODUCTION CHEA, WOOMERA, GUAY-2 CAPE CANAVERAL MAS, AND CORPUS CHRISTI

7 KAUAI3 GRAND BAHAMA AND GRANDTURK ISLANDS 8 POINT ARGUELLO4 BERMUDA 9 WHITESANDSAND EGLIN5 ATLANTIC AND INDIAN 10 CANTON ISLAND, KANO, ANDOCEAN SHIPS ZANZIBAR6 GRAND CANARY ISLAND, MU- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

(-


22/306

MG-101-2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSFigure Title Page Figure Title PageFront. Composite Mercury Site with 3-6 Functional Block Diagram,

Complete Instrumentation 1-ii Air-Ground CommunicationsGrand Bahama Island and1-1 SiteFunctions 1-iv GrandTurkIsland 3-141-2 Typical Intercommunications 3-7 Area Map -- Grand BahamaNetwork 1-3 Islands 3-151-3 Intersite Ground Communica- 3-8 Area Map- Grand Bahamations 1-4 Island 3-163-9 Transmitter Site Grand Ba-1-4 Passport, Visa, Immunization, hama Island 3-17and Photograph Requirements 1-6 3-10 Receiver Building--Grand Ba-2-1 Master Functional Block Dia- hama Island 3-18

gram---Cape Canaveral 2-17/18 3-11 Floor Plan, Telemetry Area2-2 Simplified Intercommunication Grand Bahama Island 3-19

System--Cape Canaveral 2-19 3-12 Floor Plan, Transmitter Area...2-3 Site Intercommunications Flow Grand Bahama Island 3-20

. Chart--Cape Canaveral 2-21 3-13 Area Map---Grand Turk Island 3-212-4 Radar Data Processing--Cape 3-14 Transmitter Area--Grand TurkCanaveral 2-23 Island 3-222-5 Site Location--Cape Canaveral 2-24 3-15 Receiver Area--Grand Turk Is-land 3-232-6 Floor Plan, TEL-3 Building--

Cape Canaveral 2-25 3-16 Floor Plan, Telemetry Area--Grand Turk Island 3-242-7 Site Administration Cape Ca-naveral. 2-27 3-17 Floor Plan, T ransmitterArea--Grand Turk Island 3-253-1 Master Functional Block Dia-

gram--Grand Bahama Island 3-7 3-18 Site Administration--Grand Ba-hama Island and Grand Turk3-2 Master Functional Block Dia- Island 3-27

gram---Grand Turk Island 3-8 4-1 Master Functional Block Dia-3-3 Transmit and Receive Antenna gram Bermuda 4-9

System---Grand Bahama Island 4-2 Site Equipment Block Diagram,and Grand Turk Island 3-9 Intrasite Intercommunication3-4 Functional Block Diagram, Ac- System--Bermuda 4-10

quisition Aid Equipment -- 4-3 Functional Block Diagram,Grand Bahama Island and Timing System--Bermuda 4-11Grand Turk Island 3-11 4-4 Functional Block Diagram,3-5 Functional Block Diagram, Te- Acquisition System--Bermuda 4-12lemetry System Grand Ba-_' hama Island and Grand Turk 4-5 Functional Block Diagram," Island 3-13 Telemetry System Bermuda 4-13/14V


23/306

MG-101-2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)Figure Title Page Figure Title Page4-6 Functional Block Diagram, 5-4 Functional Block Diagram, Ac-Transmitting and Receiving An- quisition System Atlantic Ship

tennas ,Bermuda 4-15 and Indian Ocean Ship 5-124-7 Functional Block Diagram, Air- 5-5 Functional Block Diagram, An-Ground Communications--Ber- tenna System, ,Atlantic Ship

muda 4-16/17 and Indian Ocean Ship 5-134-8 Functional Block Diagram, Ra- 5-6 Functional Block Diagram, Te-dar Data and Teletype---Bet- lemetry System Atlantic Shipmuda 4-18 andIndianOceanShip 5-144-9 Floor Plan, Verlort Radar Van 5-7 Functional Block Diagram, Air-Bermuda 4-19 Ground Communications----At-lantic Ship and Indian Ocean4-10 Functional Block Diagram Ship 5-15Ground Radio and Teletype-writer--Bermuda 4-21 5-8 Area Map--Ariantic Ship andIndian Ocean Ship," 5-174-11 Block Diagram, Command

Transmitter Equipment--Ber- 5-9 Antenna and Equipment Place-muda 4-23 ment AtlanticShipandIndianOceanShip -_ 5-194-12 Functional Block D iagram, D is-

play Equipment Bermuda 4-25 5-10 Telemetry Room Atlantic4-13 Functional Block Diagram, Ship and Indian Ocean Ship 5-20

Computer--Bermuda 4-26 5-11 Transmitter Equipment Area--Atlantic Ship and Indian Ocean4-14 Area Map Bermuda 4-27 Ship 5-214-15 Floor Plan, Telemetry and Con- 5-12 Site Administration -- Atlantictrol Building--Coopers Island 4-28 Ship and Indian Ocean Ship 5-224-16 Floor Plan, FPS-I6 Building 6-1 Master Functional Block Dia-CoopersIsland 4-29 gram---Muchea and Guaymas 6-154-17 Floor Plan, Receiver Building 6-2 Master Functional Block Dia----TownHill 4-31 gram, Grand Canary Island 6-164-18 Site Administration--Bermuda 4-32 6-3 Master Functional Block Dia-5-1 Master Functional Block Dia- gram--Woomera, Australia 6-17

gram---Atlantic Ship and Indian 6-4 Master Functional Block Dia-OceanShip 5-9 gram--Corpus Christi, Texas 6-185-2 Functional Block Diagram,

Intrasite Intercommunications 6-5 Ground Communications, Tele-System--Atlantic Ship and In- typewriter Line-Sharing Layout 6-19dian Ocean Ship 5-10 6-6 Block Diagram, Typical Timing

5-3 Functional Block Diagram System 6-21Timing System Atlantic Ship 6-7 Block Diagram, AcquisitionandIndianOceanShip 5-11 System 6-22

vi


24/306

MG-101-2S

LISTOF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)Figure Title Page Figure Title Page6-8 Functional Block Diagram, Te- 6-24 Transmitter Van Muchea andlemetrySystemGrandCanary Guaymas 6-40

Island, Woomera and Corpus 6-25 Site Plan--Woomera, Australia 6-41Christi 6-236-26 Hoor Plan, Telemetry and Con-6-9 Functional Block Diagram, Te- trol Area--Woomera 6-42lemetry System- Muchea andGuaymas 6-24 6-27 Transmitter Van--Grand Ca-nary Island, Woomera, Point

6-10 Air-Ground Communications Arguello, and Corpus Christi 6-43Facilities--Grand Canary Island 6-25 6-28 Area Map---Guaymas 6-446-11 Air-Ground CommunicationsFacilities--Muchea 6-26 6-29 Site Plan--Guaymas 6-456-30 Floor Plan, Telemetry and Con-6-12 Air-Ground Communications trol Area--Guaymas 6-46Facilities---Woomera and Cor-

pus Christi 6-27 6-31 Area Map CorpusChristi 6-476-13 Air-Ground Communications 6-32 Rodd Field, Showing Mercury

Facilities Guaymas 6-28 Areas 6-486-14 Functional Block Diagram, Ra- 6-33 Telemetry and Control Area

dar System--Grand Canary CorpusChristi 6-49Island 6-29 6-34 SiteAdministration 6-50

6-15 Functional Block Diagram, Ra- 7-1 Master Functional Block Dia-dar System--Muchea, Guaymas gram Hawaii 7-9and Corpus Christi 6-30 7-2 Functional Block Diagram, Ae-

6-16 Functional Block Diagram, Ra- quisition System Hawaii 7-10dar System Woomera 6-31 7-3 Functional Block Diagram, Air-

6-17 Area Map--Grand Canary Is- Ground Communicationsland 6-33 Hawaii 7-11 / 127-4 Transmitter Van--Hawaii; Zan-6-18 SitePlan Grand Canary Island 6-34 zibar; Canton Island; Kano,

6-19 Floor Plan Grand Canary ls- Nigeria 7-13land 6-35 7-5 Floor Plan, UHF CommandTransmitter Vans Hawaii 7-156-20 Verlort Radar Van Grand Ca-

nary Island, Guaymas, Kauai, 7-6 Functional Block Diagram, An-and Corpus Christi, Texas 6-36 tenna System Hawaii 7-167-7 Functional Block Diagram, Ra-6-21 Area Map Muchea and Woo- dar System--Hawaii 7-17mera 6-37 7-8 Command Transmitter System6-22 SitePlan Muchea 6-38 ---Hawaii 7-19

6-23 Floor Plan, Telemetry and Con- 7-9 Area Map Hawaii 7-20trol Area Muchea 6-39 7-10 Project Mercury--Hawaii 7-21

v ii


25/306

MG-101-2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)Figure Title Page Figure Title Page7-11 Location Map ,Hawaii 7-22 8-15 Equipment Location, Telemetry7-12 Site Plan, S-band Radar Area-- Building Point Arguello 8-26

Hawaii 7-23 8-16 Verlort Radar Van Point Ar-7-13 SitePlan,Telemetryand Con- guello 8-27trol Area--Hawaii 7-24 8-17 Site Administration Point Ar-7-14 Floor Plan, T_itietry and Con- guello ............. 8-28trol Area--Hawaii 7-25 9-1 Master Functional Block Dia-7-15 Site Administration---Hawaii 7-26 gram--White Sands 9-78-1 Master Functional Block Dia-

gram Point Arguello 8-9 9-2 Master Functional Block Dia-gram--Eglin 9-88-2 Functional Block Diagram,Timing System--Point Arguello 8-10 9-3 Functional Block Diagram,Timing System- White Sands

8-3 FunctionalBlockDiagramAc- andEglin 9-9quisition System--Point Arguello 8 -118-4 Functional Block Diagram, Te- 9-4 Functional Block Diagram, Ac-

lemetry System -- Point Argu- quisition System--White Sands 9-11ello 8-12/13 9-5 FunctionalBlock Diagram,Ac-

8-5 Functional Block Diagram, quisition System--Eglin 9-13Capsule Communications Sys- 9-6 Functional Block Diagram, Ra-tem--Point Arguello 8-14/15 dar System--White Sands 9-14

8-6 Functional Block Diagram, Ra- 9-7 Functional Block Diagram, Ra-dar System--Point Arguello 8-16 dar System--Eglin 9-158-7 Capsule Command TransmitterSystem--Point Arguello 8-17 9-8 Area Map White Sands 9-178-8 Area Map Point Arguello 8-18 9-9 Equipment Location- WhiteSands 9-188-9 Site Location--Point ArgueUo 8-19 9-10 Area Map--Eglin 9-198-10 Transmitter Building -- Point

Arguello 8-20 9-11 Equipment Location--Eglin 9-208-11 Floor Plan, UHF Command 9-12 Site Administration White

TransmitterVans--Point Argu- Sands and Eglin 9-21ello 8-21 10-1 Master Functional Block Dia-

8-12 Room 224, Range Operations gram--Canton Island 10-11Building--Point Arguello 8-23 10-2 Master Functional Block Dia-8-13 LA-24 Building, Acquisition gram--Kano, Nigeria 10-12Aid Equipment--PointArguello 8-24 10-3 Master Functional Block Dia-

8-14 Equipment Location, Range gram--Zanzibar 10-13Operations Building -- Point 10-4 Intercommunication FunctionalArguello 8-25 BlockDiagram--Canton Island 10-14

v i i i


26/306

MG-101 - 2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)Figure Title Page Figure Title Page10-5 Intercommunication Functional 10-13 Floor Plan, Transmitter Van 10-24

Block Diagram Kano, Nigeria, 10-14 Site Location Kano, Nigeria 10-25and Zanzibar 10-1510-15 Area Location--Kano, Nigeria 10-2610-6 Functional Block Diagram, Ac-quisition System Canton Is- 10-16 Receiver Installation -- Kano,land; Kano, Nigeria; Zanzibar 10-16 Nigeria 10-27

10-7 Functional Block Diagram, An- 10-17 Transmitter Area-- Kano, Ni-tennaSystems--Cantonsland; geria 10-28Kano, Nigeria; Zanzibar 10-17 10-18 Floor Plan, Telemetry and Con-10-8 Functional Block Diagram, Te- trol Area Kano, Nigeria, andlemetrySystem--CantonIsland; Zanzibar 10-29Kano, Nigeria; Zanzibar 10-18 10-19 Site Location Zanzibar 10-30

10-9 Functional Block D iagram, Air- 10-20 Tunguu Receiver Site--Zanzi-Ground Communications-- bar 10-31Canton Island; Kano, Nigeria;Zanzibar 10-19 10-21 Chwaka Transmitter Site--Zan-10-10 Location, Project Mercury zibar 10-32

F-. Components--Canton Island 10-21 10-22 Site Administration--Kano, Ni-l0-11 Area Locations--Canton Island 10-22 geria, and Zanzibar 10-3310-12 Floor Plan, Telemetry and Con- 10-23 Site Administration Canton Is-

trolArea--CantonIsland 10-23 land 10-34

ix


27/306


28/306

M6-101-2

Section 1INTRODUCTION

F"


29/306

MG-101-2

TABLE OF CONTENTSParagraph Title Page Paragraph Title Page1.1 Purpose of the Site 1-1 1.5 Site Administration 1-5Ground Communications System 1-1 1.6 Geographic and Climatic Data 1-5TimingSystem 1-1

Acquisition System 1-1 1.7 Transportation and Communica-Telemetryystem 1-1 tions 1-5Capsule Communications 1.8 Site Personnel Facilities and Serv-System 1-1 ices (Housing,MedicalFacilities,Radar System 1-1 Recreational Facilities,Mail Serv-Command Control System 1-1 ice, Religious Facilities, Clothing,ComputerSystem 1-1 andFood) 1-5

1.2 Systems 1-1 1.9 Miscellaneous Information(Money, Taxes, Passport, Visa,1.3 Illustrations 1-1 Immunization, and Photograph1.4 EquipmentAllocations 1-2 Requirements) 1-6

f_

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSFigure Title Page Figure Title PageFront. Composite Mercury Site with 1-3 Intersite Ground Communications 1-4

Complete Instrumentation 1-ii1-1 Site Functions 1-iv 1-4 Passport, Visa, Immunization, and1-2 Typical Intercommunications Net- Photograph Requirements 1-6work 1-3

LIST OF TABLESTable Title Page Table Title Page1-1 Master Functional Block Diagram 1-2 Subsystems Functional Block Dia-

Numbering System 1-2 gram Numbering System 1-5

1-i


30/306

MG-101-2r,,_

1-ii


31/306

MG-101-2

COMPOSITE MERCURY SITEWITH COMPLETEINSTRUMENTATION

1 - ii i


32/306

MG-101-2

STA STA COVERAGE RADAR TELEMETRY COMMUNI-. COMMAND ACQUISI- GROUND COMMNAME CATION TION SSB TIMINGABB NO. PASSES S C RECEPTION (CAPSULE) CONTROL FA SA M VOICE TTY RADIO

CNV 1A CANAVERAL I, 2, & 3 (X) X X X X X (X) X X XGBI 1B GRANDBAHAMA1,2,&3 (X) X " X X X X AMRGTI 1C GRAND TuRK J, 2, & 3 X X X X X AMRBDA 2 !BERMUDA 1,2,&3 X X X X X X X X XATS 3 ATLANTIC SHiP 1, 21 & 3 X X X X X XCY! 4 GRAND CANARYiSLAND , 1 & 2 X X X X X X XKNO 5 !KANO, NIGERIA 1 & 2 X X X X X XZZB 6 ZANZIBAR 1&2. X X X X X XlOS 7 INDIAN OCEANSHIP 1,2,&3 X X X X X " XMUC ! 8 MUCHEA,AUSTRALIA I, 2, & 3 X X X X X X X X XWOM "9 WOOMERA,AUSTRALIA 1 & 2 X X X X X X XCTN 11 CANTQ_II_AND 1 & 2 X X X X XHAW 12 KAUA! ISLAND,HAWAII 2&3 X X X X X X X X xCAL 13 PT. ARGUELLO,CALFORNI_ 2&:3 X X X X X X X - X XGYM 14 GUAYMAS,MEXICO I, 2, & 3 X X X X X X X X

WHITE SANDS,WHS 15 NEW MEXICO 1, 2, & 3 X X X X XCORPUS CHRISTI,TEX ! 16 TEXAS " 1, 2, & 3 X X X X X X X .

EGL 17 EGLIN,FLORIDA 1, 2, & 3 * X X X X XGODDARD SFC GROUND COMMUNICATIONS X

SITE FUNCTIONS: FA _ FULLY AUTOMATIC SA = SEMI AUTOMATIC M _ MANUAL SSB _ SINGLE SIDE BAND*MPQ-31

FIGURE I-I. SITE FUNCTIONS

1 - iv


33/306

MG-101-2

SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE SITE 1.1.5 Capsule Communications SystemSites are classified as to common purposes This system provides two-way communicationsaccording to their systems, listed in Figure 1-1. with the capsule.Additional unique purposes are noted in thesection of this handbook pertaining to the site. 1.1.6 Radar SystemThe Mercury ,;ystems, with a definition of their Radar tracks the capsule. A radar suppliespurposes at a site, are given in the following information on slant range and on azimuth andparagraphs, elevationangles of the capsule with respect tothe radar. This can be converted to absolute1.1.1 Ground Communications System height, ground plane distance, and velocity orSites are required to forward their data to speed of the capsule.the Mercury Control Center at Cape Canaveraland to the computing and communications 1.1.7 Command Control Systemcenter (Goddard Space Flight Center) at Belts- A very important purpose of sites having thisville, Maryland, for evaluation and processing, system is the control of programmed eventsThey must also be able to receive information within the capsule. This includes actuatingand instructions from the Control Center. In normal reentry of the capsule or aborting theaddition, each site must have an effective inter- capsule flight on an emergency basis.communications system (Figure 1-2). D iagram s

F-_ for Cape Canaveral and Bermuda are shown 1.1.8 Computer Systemin the sections describing these sites. In addi-tion, some sites may relay information for other Sites equipped with computers rapidly supplysites. This function is discussed in the section information about the flight. Evaluation ofdescribing the individual sites where it applies, input data can verify the actual versus theOveraU ground intersite communications are predicted flight path, predict the coordinates andshown in Figure 1-3. the time at which the capsule will be contacted(or acquired) by the sites, and predict the point

of impact of the capsule on its reentry into the1.1.2 Timing System atmosphere at the end of a flight.This system relates all information obtained ata site to a connnon time base that is applicable 1.2 SYSTEMSto all sites. These are describedwith particular emphasis

on site equipm ent locations, backup provisions1.1.3 Acquisition System in case of failures, and unique circuit configura-tions at a site. Technical language is minimizedThis system acquires signals from the capsule to present a more informal functional descrip-for the various associated site systems. It causes tion of the systems than the systems manuals orvarious steerable antennas at the site to be equipment manuals, which contain detailedpointed at the capsule, information.1.1.4 Telemetry System 1.3 ILLUSTRATIONSThis system n_tonitors the capsule environmen- Drawings of the sites show the general area intal conditions and the physical condition of which the site is located, the specific location

,_ the occupant. This is accomplished by signals of the systems on the site, and a floor plan oftransmitted from the capsule and received by the control area. Master functional blockthe system, diagramsshow the complete instrumentationof

1-1


34/306

MG-I01-2 ......

TABLE I-IMASTER FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM NUMBERING SYSTEM

DrawingNumber SiteNumber Site AbbreviationT6G-01 1 Cape Canaveral CNVT6G-01-2 la Grand Bahama Island GBIT6G-01-3 lb GrandTurkIsland GTIT6G-02 2 Bermuda BDAT6G-03 3 AtlanticShip ATST6G-04 4 GrandCanaryIsland CYIT6G-05 5 Kano,Nigeria KNOT6G-06 6 Zanzibar ZZBT6G-07 7 IndianOceanShip IOST6G-08 8 Muchea,Australia MUCT6G-09 9 Woomera,Australia WOMT6G-10 ...... SiteCancelled - "T6G-11 11 Cantonsland CTNT6G-12 12 Kauai,Hawaii HAWT6G-13 13 Point Arguello CALT6G-14 14 Guaymas,Mexico GYMT6G-15 15 WhiteSands,NewMexico WHST6G-16 16 CorpusChristi,Texas TEXT6G-17 17 Eglin,Florida EGL

N ote: Reference to the specific system functional block diagram appears in the associated blockof the master functional block diagram for each site. Example--T6G-01-1 is the masterfunctional block diagram of Cape Canaveral; T6G-01-10 is the Canaveral antenna system.

each site, followed by other functional block Table 1-2 indicates the numbering system fordiagrams that show the instrumentation of each the diagrams of the individual systems at anysystem. A diagram for sites having the same site. Additional figures are supplied to illustratecircuit configurations for any system appearsonly once in this section. These functional block unique circuits. Simplified schematics are useddiagrams are derived from the series issued by for this purpose and should not be consideredWestern Electric Company, Inc., for each site. as replacements for the actual maintenanceAn explanation of the numerical designations schematic diagrams.used by Western E lectric for these diagrams isgiven in tabular form to assist in cross-referenc- 1.4 EQUIPMENT ALLOCATIONSing the figures in this manual to the diagramslocated in the central file at each site. The major components of systems at a site areTable 1-1 indicates the numbering system for listed in tabular form in the sections of thisthe master diagram for each site. handbook describing the site.1-2


35/306


36/306


37/306


38/306

MG-101-2TABLE 1-2

SUBSYSTEMS FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM NUMBERING SYSTEMDrawingNumber System EquipmentT6G- (Site No.)- 10 Pedestal--Antennas Ground-to-Air

-11 Telemetry-12 Telemetry Display Control Area Console-13 Voice Equipment--Capsule Air-Ground Communications ConmlandControl R adio-14 Timing Standard System-15 Acquisition Aid Detection & Tracking-16-17 Ground Radio & Teletype-18 PBX and Site Intercom-19 Radar Data & Teletype, Plot Board, and Converters

-101/104 Floor Plans for Equipment Areas

S_Note: The above system is modified for use at Cape Canaveral, due to the complexity of the

systems at this site and the consequent use of multiple drawings to illustrate subsystems.These subsystem drawings (and explanation of their numbering system) are excluded fromthis manual, inasmuch as their inclusion would complicate this manual beyond its intendedpurpose. Reference to the required number for any of the Cape Canaveral subsystem draw-ings can be found in the key drawing for the site that lists these items by title and reference.

1.5 SITE ADMINISTRATION 1.7 TRANSPORTATION ANDA figure is provided which shows responsibili- COMMUNICATIONSties and the lines of organization at the sites. Transportation facilities to the site locationsPersonnel assignments are divided into: (1)operational (pertaining to the actual mission), and local site transportation facilities are de-(2) technical maintenance and operation of the scribed in this section. Communications aresystems and equipment, and (3) general logistic mentioned, if pertinent.support. 1.8 SITE PERSONNEL FACILITIES1.6 GEOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATIC AND SERVICESDATAIncluded in this section is specific information 1.8.1 Housingcovering temperatures, humidity, rainfall, andgeneral location. Reference is made to asso- Housing includes furnished and unfurnishedciated figures, which show the general area and houses, apartments, and hotels, as well as spe-("-', specific locations of the sites, as well as their cial facilities provided for site personnel. Aver-systems, age rental costs are quoted where possible,

1-5


39/306

MG-101-2 MG-101-2

1.8.2 Medical Facilities apply at the time of issuance of this handbookAvailability of hospital, medical, and dental and should be verified through lines of organi-facilities in the site areas, including any unusual zation before departure for the site.)arrangements provided for Mercury personnel, 1.9 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATIONare described. Specific preventive medicinesand sanitary precautions are suggested where 1.9.1 Moneynecessary. Included are the rate of exchange, where ap-1.8.3 Recreational Facilities plicable, and local banking facilities.Self-explanatory. 1.9.2 Taxes

Unusual items are stressed, but other tax in-1.8.4 Mail Service formation is included, where available, for realAvailability and elapsed time for airmail to estate and income taxes.N ew Y ork City are discussed. 1.9.3 Passport, Visa, Immunization, and1.8.5 Religious Facilities Photograph RequirementsDenominations represented in the area are dis- These items are summarized for all sites incussed. Figure1-4.1.8.6 Clothing Certain requirements appearing in the figureRecommendations are made in accordance with are based on requirements of other than thegeographic and climatic conditions in the area, government or area under which they appear.as well as the availability and relative cost of A passport is required for Canton Island, fortheseitems, example,because air transportationback to the

U nited States is by w ay of a British possession.1.8.7 Food Minimum, recommended, and desirable ira- _Quality, variety, availability, and cost are dis- munizations for personnel are checked in thecussed where possible. (Specific figures quoted figure.

IMMUNIZATIONS _ _ _ O _ --_ z =Euz _ _ _ _ _

MALLFOX 6) x TETANUS X X X (_ X X X X X X X X XTYPHOID X X X (_ [] [] X X X X X X XFOLIO X X X X X X X X X X X X XTYPHUS X X X (_) X X X X X X XYELLOWFEVER (_) [] XCHOLERA [] [] XDIPHTHERIA (_BIRTHCERTIFICATE X X X X X X X X X X X X XPHOTOGRAPHS X X X X X X X X X X X X XVSA X X X X X X XPASSPORTS X X X* X X X X X X X

C) REQUIRED FOR TRAVEL AND PASSPORT *ONLY FOR NATURALIZED CITIZENS INNOCULATIONS NOT IN A BOX] RECOMMENDEDBY LOCALGOVERNMENT OR CIRCLEARECONSIDEREDADVISABLE _)FIGURE 1-4. PASSPORT,VISA, IMMUNIZATION, AND PHOTOGRAPHIC REQUIREMENTS1-6


40/306

M6-101-2

Section 2CAPE CANAVERAL


41/306

MG-101-2

TABLE OF CONTENTSParagraph Title Page Paragraph Title Pag

2.1 Purposeof the Site 2-1 2.4 Equipment Locations 2-92.2 Systems 2-1 2.5 Site Administration 2-9Ground Communica tions

System 2-1 2.6 Geographic and Climatic Data 2-9Timing System 2-2 2.7 Transportation and Communica-Acquisitionystem 2-5 tions 2-14Telemetry System 2-5 2.8 Site Personnel Facilities andCapsule Communications Services (Housing, Medical Fa-System 2-5 cilities, Recreation Facilities,Radar Tracking System 2-6 Mail Service, Religious Facil-CommandTransmitter ities, and Clothing) 2-14System 2-7 2.9 M iscellaneous Inform ationDisplays 2-8 (Money, Passports, Immuniza-2.3 EquipmentAllocations 2-9 tion, and Taxes) 2-15

2-i


42/306

MG-101-2

LIST OF ILLU STRATIONS

Figure Title Page Figure Title Page2-1 Master Functional Block Diagram 2-4 Radar Data Processing-- Cape

Cape Canaveral 2-17/18 Canaveral 2-232-5 Site Location--Cape Canaveral 2-242 -2 S implifie d In tercommun ic atio nSystem--Cape Canaveral 2-19 2-6 Floor Plan, TEL-3 BuildingCape Canaveral 2-25

2-3 Site Intercommunications Flow 2-7 Site Administration- Cape Can-Chart-- CapeCanaveral 2-21 averal 2-27

LIST OF TABLESTable Title Page Table Title Page2-1 Communication Circuits Required 2-3 Equipment Not Supplied by Exist-

of ExistingSite Facilities 2-3 ing Facilities (Major Items) 2-122-2 Equipment and Services Suppliedby Existing Facilities 2-10

2-ii


43/306

MG-101 -2

SECTION 2. CAPE CANAVERAL

2.1 PURPOSE OF THE SITE a. Acquisition data at Cape Canaveral (CNV)to point the radar antennas for initial locationCape Canaveral is the control center for the (acquisition) of the capsule during orbitalMercury mission. In addition to the functions passes, after a successful launching, transmittednoted in Figure 1-1 of this manual, this site: by teletype from the Goddard computer.a. Supervises preflight activities at all sites; b. Radar tracking data from the existing radars

to permit accurate orbital computations by theb. Launches the capsule-bearing rocket; Goddard computer. Data from any of the sta-c. Determines the early success or failure of tions (CNV and GBI FPS-16 radars) is con-the flight; verted to teletypedata and sent to the Goddardcomputer. R aw radar data is transmitted via thed. Initiates corrective or abortive steps neces- IP709 complex during orbit and reentry.sary due to abnormal rocket and/or capsule per-formance; c. Recovery communicationscircuits connecting to the recovery area of the Control Center.e. Evaluates reports received from other Mer- d. Telemetry summaries consisting of pertinentcury sites; data on the conditionof the Astronautand thef. Initiates and supervises rescue and recovery capsule, required at the Mercury Control Centeractivities, from the other Mercury sites. This informationis obtained by telem etry display interpretationDown-range stations operate as accessories to at these sites and conversion of this informationthe Canaveral complex. Grand Bahama Island into a short teletype message. The message is(GBI) and Grand Turk Island (GTI) are sent to the Goddard computing and communica-used in this way for Project Mercury. Re- tion center where it is relayed to the Mercurysponsibility for continuing the flight or aborting Control Center at Cape Canaveral.is passed to Bermuda if a final decision is im- e. Order-wire traffic, consisting of general ad-possible before the capsule passes out of range, ministration, mission hazard, malfunction ofThese systems are described in the following equipment, station status, and request for in-paragraph. . formation messagesis routed to the MercuryControl Center when applicable. Separate tele-

type facilities and equipment are required to2.2 SYSTEMS handle such traffic in order that operationalFigure 2-1 is a functional block diagram of all traffic, such as radar tracking and acquisitionsystems at the site. Block diagrams of each sys- data, are not delayed or interrupted. These cir-tern at this site are not included in this manual, cuits remain in service at all times.Refer to the appropriate systems and equipment f. Priority circuits (separate circuits) andmanuals for further specific information, equipment are provided between the MercuryControl Center and Goddard to permit hand-2.2.1 Ground Communications System ling messages involving orders to set retro-

timer, etc., with m axim um reliability and speed.Figure 1-3 is a map of the intersite circuit ar-rangements. Communicationsbetween the Mercury ControlCenter and Bermuda are normally routed by- 2.2.1.1 Intersite Communications--Teletype way of Goddard. This teletype circuit is backed

Teletype communications requirements are as up by alternate routing to Bermuda (Figurefollows. 1-3).2-1


44/306

MG-101-2

2.2.1.2 lntersite Communications--Voice Control Center at TEL-3. Two additional cir-Voice communications are provided between cnits (from the Pad 14 Blockhouse) to theGoddard and U.S. stations, Bermuda, Hawaii, Mercury Control Center are required for firingand Australia. Direct point-to-point personal and liftoff display signals.communications are required for passing infor-mation on Astronaut condition, teletype net- 2.2.2 Timing Systemwork supervision and control, and other Met- A special Mercury timer is provided to time-cury project supervisory functions. Connection tag radar data and telemetry data in the Mere-of the above points to the Mercury Control Cen- ury Control Center. The time reference usedter is provided by a number of voice circuits is that of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) ex-between the Control Center and Goddard (Fig- pressed in hours, minutes, and seconds.ure 1-3). Countdown indications and time tags in areasVoice communications provide assistance to other than the Mercury Control Center are pro-radar operators during capsule radar beacon vided from the existing range timing equipment.handover between successive stations havingoverlapping radar coverage. This capability is Time signals broadcast from the Bureau ofrequired at all radar tracking stations from Standards radio station WWV are received atHawaii to Bermuda, including all continental the site on receivers provided for this specificradar stations. The radar beacon handover voice purpose. These signals are used as a referenceparty line is continuously monitored at Can- standard against which a stable one-megacycleoscillator is compared and adjusted. Successiveaveral, frequency division circuits supply frequencies2.2.1.3 Intrasite Communications from one kilocycle to one pulse per minute.Voice intercommunications are required be- During this procedure, adjustments are madetween various functional groups at the Mercury as necessary to synchronize the frequency ofControl Center and existing range operational the locally generated signal with the frequencygroups. This requirement is met by a special- of the received signal; A check of the systemized communications system which was devel- is provided by a visual comparison on an os-oped by Western Electric in cooperation with cilloscope of the one-pulse-per-second outputexisting range personnel and National Aero- of the timing System and the once-per-secondnautics and Space Administration (NASA). tone burst from WWV.This system is compatible with the present sys- The outputs of this system are as follows.tem in that each Mercury control center opera- a. An output representing GMT in hours,tor has the capability of switching to conference minutes, and seconds. This is used in the datacircuits both within and external to the Control processing and data conversion equipment toCenter. See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. time-tag the radar data and drive certain con-Table 2-1 lists the communications circuits re- trol center displays.quired of the existing facilities by Project Mer- b. A pulse from the timing equipment every sixcury. secondswhichcausesradardatatobereadout.A recorder connection provided at each control c. A pulse train with serial time of day (basedroom console records all voice communication on GMT) is supplied for use with the telemetryfrom and to the console operator on a multi- data.channel tape recorder.

NOTEControl circuitry is required from flight con-troller (Aeromedical Officer and Flight Di-rector) consoles to the Pad 14 blockhouse se- The permissible time deviation fromquencer circuitry. Similarly a reciprocal circuit WWV time by existing range timeis required for display purposes at the Mercury equipment is -----3milliseconds.2-2


45/306

MG-101-2

TABLE 2 -1COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITS REQUIRED OF EXISTING SITE FACILITIES

CircuitNASA C irc uit R equirem en tsOrigin Termination

Telephone Central Mercury Control 3 -- 3-kc auxiliary telephone circuits1 -- C ircuit for recovery operations

Pads 5 and 6 Mercury Control 2 -- 3-kc circuits for command control coding dataPad 12 Pad 14 1 Videocircuitfor TV cameraat Pad 12Flight Monitor Mercury Control 2 3-kc command control data circuitsTrailerG.E./Burroughs Bell System Term. 2 3-kc circuits for digital data to GoddardBuildingIP-709 Building Bell System Term. 2 3-kc circuits for digital data to GoddardTEL-2 Building Mercury Control 2 25-kc telemetry composite

1 -- 3-kc signal strength m ultiplex8 Atlaselemetereduantities1 -- 3-kc voice circuit (UHF A/G receiver)9- Control circuits (UHF A/G receiver)2- Control circuits (UHF test signal control)

Range Central Mercury Control 22 -- Circuits countdown indication1 -- 3-kc circuits secondary radar data (CADDAC)2 -- 3-kc circuits digital synchro data to CADDAC30 -- 3-kc voice intercom circuits1 --Circuit to recovery4 3-kc circuits for command control data4 -- 3-kc circuits (command control)2 -- D C hold-proceed control circuits1 --H old-proceed indicator circuit1- Circuit liftoff signal1 -- Firing signal circuit

Mercury Control Grand Bahama 1- Split channel voice circuit (G/A) (trans.through and Grand Turk modulation)Range Central 1 --Full-channel voice (UHF and HF A/G receiver)

23 -- Narrow-band selection and keying circuits (G/A)1 -- 25-kc telem etry com posite (up-range)

(Continued)

2-3


46/306

MG-101 -2

TABLE2-1. COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITSREQUIREDOF EXISTING SITE FACILITIES(Confinuecl)

CircuitNASA Circuit RequirementsOrigin Termination

Command Control Mercury Control 12 -- DC control circuits (remote control G/A voice)Building 8 -- 3-kc circuits G/A voice

2- 3-kc circuits FRW-2 voice modulation4 -- 3-kc circuits digital synchro data (ant.)

Bell System Term. Mercury Control 4 3-kc voice circuits ( 1 order-wire, 3 supervisory)1 --Circuit for recovery operations4 -- 3-kc digital data circuits (to Goddard)5- 3-kc digital data circuits (simulation & control

t o Goddard)8 -- Full-duplex TTY circuits2 _Simplex TTY circuits

GE/Burroughs Mercury Control 3 _3-kc digital data circuitsBuilding 1 4-ke digital T/M data (to high-speed buffer)

1P-709 Building Mercury Control 1 -- 4-kc digital T/M data (to high-speed buffer)3 --3-kc radar data (from IP-709 building)

Pad 14 Mercury Control 2 -- Video circuits (TV launch display)10- DC control circuits (TV camera select.)2 .3-ke command control coding

2-4


47/306

MG-101-2

2.2.3 Acquisition System of signal combining equipment, and switchinoptions ensure system reliability. All sources oAn acquisition data console located in the information are recorded, both at the receiveTEL-3 Building controls the steerable antenna locations and in the Telemetry and Capsulesystems in conjunction with the normal range Communications Equipment Room of TEL-3acquisition facilities. These facilities are the In addition to this equipment, pen recorders andTLM-18 system and the Central Analogue an oscillographic recorder provide quick-lookData Distributing and Computing System presentations.(CADDAC). Grand Bahama Island determines which downInput information to the acquisition data con- range telemetry information is received in Capsole is as follows. Canaveral. Either Grand Bahama or Grana. From manual synchro input. The console Turk telemetry is forwarded according to ioperator positions elevation and azimuth syn- relative strength. Tape records are kept of thchro generators and indicators in accordance received signals at both locations, however, twith information from the computing center, allow postmission examination. The downb. From the TLM-18 system in the Central range telemetry composite is received at rangcontrol and sent via intrasite cable facilities tControlBuilding. the TEL-3 Building.e. From the CADDAC system, in the CentralControl Area. The local FPS-16 and down- 2.2.5 Capsule Communications Systemrange radar supply positional data to this system. Two amplitude modulation systems are used iPositional data supplied to the acquisition data capsule communication, both for transmitting

f console is used to aim the steerable radar an- and for receiving. These systems operate in thtennas by Canaveral personnel as well as con- high-frequency (HF) and ultra-high-frequencytrolling the ground-air radio communications (UHF) bands, providing direct voice communiantennas. Acquisition data for manual pointing cations between the capsule and three flight conof the Grand Bahama and Grand Turk anten- troller console positions in the Mercury Comnas is supplied to these stations via the existing mand Post (TEL-3 Building) :communications network to these points fromCapeCanaveral. a. FlightDirector;

b. Flight Surgeon;2.2.4 Telemetry System c. Capsule Communicator.The telemetry system at Cape Canaveral pro-vides telemetry signals from equipment at the In addition to the above systems, the commandtransmitter system may be used for voice transTEL-2 and TEL-3 buildings plus signal inputsfrom telemetry receivers, demodulators, and mission to the capsule from the site. This is adata transmission equipment at Grand Bahama emergency form of communication, and is discussed in the paragraph Command Transmitterand Grand Turk. System2.2.7. Transmissionfrom capsule to thThe installation at Cape Canaveral includes site utilizes the telemetry system on a keyetwo TLM-18 antennas, which supply the sys- interrupted continuous-wave (ICW) basis.tern _consisting of receivers, combiners, and arecorder at the TEL-2 Building as well as the A communications technician console is locatedcomplete telemetry, demodulation, decommuta- in the Telemetry and Capsule Communicationstion, and monitoring equipment in the TEL-3 Equipment Room of the TEL-3 Building.Building. A patch panel and a signal control Inputs to this console include:panel (also TEL-3) allow selection and dis- a. Local HF and UHF receiver audio;play of any of the above signal sources. Twocapsule-to-ground transmitting frequencies, b. Down-range HF/UHF receiver audio frommultiple receivers, antenna space diversity, use Grand Bahama or Grand Turk;

2-5


48/306

MG-101 -2

c. Audio from the flight controller consoles, Two UHF transmitters are located in the trans-which are equipped for capsule communication, mitrer van, under control of the Communica-Outputs from this console include the following, tions Technician. Transmitter power output is250 watts in the frequency range of 2-26 mea. Audio modulation for HF and UHF trans- and 225 watts at 32 me. A steerable quad-mitters (local or down-range equipment), helix antenna, mounted on an antenna pedestalb; Keyed control of test signals for both local designated T&C, is supplied. It can be usedreceiversystems, with either of the above UHF transmitters.Antenna switchover is accomplished in thec. Supe_rvisory control functions to select local transmitter van.and/or down-range transmitters. Down-rangetransmitter selection is via the existing super- All air-ground communications are tape re-visory control system, corded. Keying of HF and UHF transmitters atd. Audio traffic to tape recording facilities. Cape Canaveral and down range is recorded ona 100-channel events recorder.The Communications Technician monitors allCape Canaveral receivers and selects either the Signal generators are provided with associatedHF or the UHF receiving system, and the better antennas for testing receiver operation. Bothsignal of the system selected. HF and UHF signals are available from thecommunications console in the TE L-3 Building.2.2.5.1 High-frequency System A UHF/HF signal generator is located in theTwo fixed receiving dipole antennas employing TEL-2 Building. Only the UHF section of thespace diversity are connected to receivers lo- TEL-2 signal generator equipment is used forcared in the Telemetry and Capsule Communi- Project Mercury purposes. All signal generatorscations Equipment Room (in TEL-3). Receiver are under control of the Communications Tech-audio output is also recorded on the 14-track nician in TEL-3.instrum entation tape recorder. D ow n-range HFreceiver signals are sent from Grand Bahama 2.2.6 Radar Tracking Systemand Grand Turk after demodulation to thecommunications technician console by way of Radar tracking data is required from existingthe Central Control Building. facilities for launch, orbital, and reentry calcu-

lation. This data enters the IBM 709 ImpactA dipole antenna, mounted on the same steer- Predictor Computer at 10 samples per second,able transmitting and command (T&C) ped- via existing transmission facilities. During theestal which supports the quad-helix transmitting orbital and reentry phase, this radar data alsoantenna, is used for high-frequency transmit- enters the Goddard computers at a rate of oneting. The source of energy for this antenna is sample per six seconds over a teletype link.either of two transmitters located in a trans- Switching options allow radar and data proc-mitter van. Switching this antenna between essing equipment flexibility to increase reliabilitytransmitters is done in a transmitter van located of the data handling system. A brief deserip-close to the Command Transmitter Building. tion of the system and its options follows (FigureTransmitter power is 100 watts. 2-4).2.2.5.2 Ultra-high-frequency System The IBM 709 Impact Predictor ComputerTwo TLM-18 antennas (also used for telemetry makes available processed data from either thesignals) are used for receiving in conjunction AZUSA or FPS-16 radars depending uponwith preamplifiers and receivers. A spare re- which tracking data is being used by the com-ceiver is supplied for standby use. As in the puter during the launch phase. Selection oftelemetry system, one of the receivers (along which tracking data is used by the computer iswith a UHF signal generator) is located in the under control of the program operator. ThisTEL-2 Building. The remaining UHF receiver data is made available on the basis of noninter-and standby unit are in the TEL-3 Building. ference with range safety functions.2-6


49/306

MG-101-2

If the IBM 709 data output from Canaveral internally programmed capsule events. Underfails, manual switching allows the raw data from emergency conditions, the command controlthe FPS-16 to be sent to Goddard over the same system can be used to furnish a ground-to-facilities. A simultaneous input to the two 7090 capsule voice communications link.computers at Goddard from the GE/Burroughstracking system, as well as from the Canaveral Commands can be initiated from several loca-IBM 709 data input, ensures reliability, tions, as follows:Certain signals derived from both the capsule a. No. 1 Launch Vehicle Blockhouse (Abort)telemetry and the vehicle telemetry are time b. No. 2 Launch Vehicle Blockhouse (Abort);multiplexed onto both sets of high-speed datatransmission lines carrying tracking data to the c. No. 2 Launch Vehicle Flight Monitor Cen-Goddard computers. Both Goddard computers ter (Abort, Fire Retrorockets);simultaneously compute data quality plots for d. Mercury control center consoles (Abort,each set of input tracking data. They also corn- Change Retrotimer, Fire Retrorockets).pute a complete set of display data for eitherAZUSA/FPS-16 or GE/Burroughs input data. The Canaveral remoting system (frequencyThe selection of the desired data input is made shift tone keyers) is used to connect the sourceat the Control Center and remoted to Goddard. of commands to the Mercury coder control whenIn addition, data is remoted directly from the these sources are external to the Mercury Con-GE/Burroughs system to the Mercury Control trol Center. Sources within the Control CenterCenter. are connectedto the codercontrolby cable.TheThe Data Selection Room Observer selects either coder control in the Mercury Control CenterAZUSA/FPS-16 derived or GE/Burroughs de- transmits coding data via the same remotingrived data from Goddard to drive the main Met- system to an existing KY-171 coder unit locatedcury control center displays. The selector switch in the Command Transmitter Building. The out-signals the Goddard computer through the put of this unit modulates the existing commandtelemetry transmitter buffer to send either transmitter (AN/FRW-2), which feeds theAZUSA/FPS-16 or GE/Burroughs derived data command antenna through a 10-kw amplifierfor the Mercury control center operation room (240D-2 by Collins-Alpha).displays. The Data Selection Room Observer During launch phase, the existing range com-has the additional option of selecting certain mand antennas are used. For subsequent passeslocally processed direct GE/Burroughs display and reentry, the Mercury quad-helix steerabledata in place of Goddard display data, but re- transmitting antenna is used. Antenna patch-gardless of the observer's selection of data for ing facilities are provided in the Canaveral Corn-operation of the main Mercury control center mand Control Building by which the 10-kwdisplays, his data quality monitoring plots con- command control system can be transferredtinue to operate through the launch phase to from the Canaveral fixed antenna to the steer-indicate quality of data from both sets of God-dard data and from the direct GE/Burroughs able antenna on the T&C pedestal. This is underdirection of the Mercury Command Post.link.During the launch phase, the Goddard com- Signals from the existing output monitoringputers compute and transmit acquisition data to system of the FRW-3 receiver in the CentralBermuda based on data supplied by the Can- Control are connected to the Mercury Controlaveral equipment. Center for monitoring and recording purposes

The emergency voice communications backup2.2.7 Command Transmitter System are provided by the addition of a voice modu-Radio command control of rocket and capsule lator at the Command Control Building, a patchis required from prelaunch to flight completion, panel, and a modulator lookout device (a key-to furnish ground command backup of certain locked switch), controlled from the assistant

2-7


50/306

MG-101 -2

range safety officer console. Voice modulation b. Orbit number;is accomplished by frequency modulation of theUHF command carrier, when permitted by the c. Countdown time in hours, minutes, andRangeSafetyOfficer. seconds;

d. E lapsed time in hours, minutes, and seconds;When fuel cutoff is initiated as a range safetyfunction, the fuel cutoff command is transmitted e. Time to retrofire in hours, minutes, anddirectly to the FRW-2 transmitter through the seconds;existing command control rem oting system, butnot through the Mercury coder control unit. " f. A hold indication, located between the orbitnumber display and the countdown display,System reliability is ensured by duplication of which is illuminated when the countdown is in-equipment for each of the command systems, terrupted.A high-power command system employs a 10- Rectangular displays are located on the lowerkw final amplifier driven by the FRW-2 unit(the latter unit is usually employed as a 500- left and upper right of the world map, which arewatt, nominal rating transmitter). An identical connected by dotted lines to the range stations.10-kw system is automatically switched into Rings of red, yellow, and green light up aroundservice on failure of the basic unit. each station on these displays, which are undercontrol of the Network Status Monitor, indi-A low-power command transmitting system is cating the overall status of the station. A flash-also supplied employing both normal and stand- ing light ring indicates contact between any sta-by FRW-2 transmitters. Both transmitters are tion and the capsule.normally energized, but only one is connected Completing the operations summary display areto the existing range antenna at a time. Ampli- trend charts to the left and right of the worldtier switching is done at the Range Command map. Physical condition of the Astronaut andControl Building. environmental conditionsof the capsule are dis-played here on indicators, which are under con-2.2.8 Displays trol of two operators located behind the wall

map. The indications are based on data col-An area of the Mercury Command Post, which lected from telemetry summary messages re-is located in the TEL-3 Building (Figure 2-5) ceived from the range stations. The indicatorsis provided for the Flight Controllers, observers, are manually controlled.and visitors to witness the operations during a There are four plotboards located in front ofmission. This area is at the front of the Mercury flight controller positions numbered 13 and 14Command Post and contains a group of displays in Figure 2-5. Arbitrarily numbering thesedesignated the operations summary display. The boards from left to right, their functions are asmain section of this display contains a large map follows.of the w orld, illustrating the location of all M er-cury range stations and the track of the capsule, a. To display predicted landing points andAs the mission progresses, a miniature capsule landing recovery area.moves along the track indicating the actual posi- b. To plot range versus altitude in nauticaltion of the capsule. A small circle ahead of the miles.capsule indicates the capsule landing point ifthe retrorockets are fired at that instant, c. To plot gamma, which is defined as theA number of time-data indicators are placed angle the capsule-velocity vector makes withalong the top of the map. Reading from left to the local horizontal velocity ratio. (Velocityright across the top of the map, these displays ratio is the ratio between the present capsuleare: velocityandthedesiredcapsulevelocity.)Thisplotboard is marked with the outside limits fora. GMT in hours, minutes, and seconds; an acceptable orbit. After insertion, the axes of2-8


51/306

MG-101 - 2

the orbit and the radius of the earth are related are located at complex No. 14, and one cameraas a function of elapsed mission time in hours by is located at complex No. 12.this plotboard, as well as the capsule altitudeversus elapsed mission time. Additional displays provided in the TEL-3

Building, external to the Mercury Commandd. To display, during the powered portion of Post, for the use of maintenance and operatingthe flight, the telemetered longitudinal accel- personnel are as follows:eration at the top of this board and the com-puted inertial velocity at the bottom of the a. Telemetry coarse monitor;board, as a function of elapsed time, until sus- b. Telemetry fine monitor;tainer engine cutoff. At an elapsed time of 175 c. Telemetry signal strength multiplexer andseconds after liftoff this plotboard displays the display monitor;predicted altitude of capsule insertion into orbit d. Acquisition data console.and a velocity component. These quantities areproduced by the GE/Buroughs guidance corn- 2.3 EQUIPMENT ALLOCATIONSputer, and verify performance of the capsuleguidance system and that the capsule flight has Equipment and systems used in Project Mercurythe desired traiectory. After insertion this plot- are, in part, unique to Project Mercury and areboard displays the eccentricity and orientation supplied, in part, by the existing range. Theseof the orbit with respect to the earth, related to items are shown separately in the followingthe elapsed mission time in hours. This infor- tables:mation is essential in determining when capsule Table 2-2 Equipment and Services Sup-reentry can be safely initiated, plied by Existing Facilities.

- In addition to the displays described above,there are 14 flight controller positions located Table 2-3---Equipment Not Supplied byin the Mercury Command Post. The functions Existing Facilities (Major Items).and the capabilities of each of these manned 2.4 EQU IPMENT LOCATIONSpositions are described in detail in MO-118C,Flight Controller-Cape Canaveral. Figure 2-5 is a map of Cape Canaveral showing

the location of the various buildings associatedThe designations of the personnel and their with Project Mercury. Equipments to be foundfunctions are as follows: in each building are listed in Figure 2-6.a. O perations D irector;b. FlightDirector; 2.5 SITE ADMINISTRATIONc. Flight DynamicsOfficer; See Figure 2-7.d. C apsule C ommunicator;e. Flight Surgeon; 2.6 GEOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATICDATAf. Capsule E nvironment Monitor;g. Capsule Systems Monitor; Cape Canaveral is on the east coast of Floridah. Retrofire Controller; at 2828 ' N, 80034 ' W. It is approximately 60miles southeast of Daytona Beach and 60 roadi. Recovery StatusMonitor; miles east of Orlando. Cape Canaveral is on aj. Vehicle Telemetry Monitor; fiat peninsula bounded on the east by the Ar-k. Network Status Monitor; lantic Ocean and on the west by the Banana1. Range Safety Observer; River. Merritt Island is between the peninsulam. Network Commander; and the mainland. Temperatures range fromn. RecoveryDirector. 30 F to 100 F in winter and summer respec-tively. The average temperature in summer isTelevision monitors are provided for observa- 80.6 F, in winter 64.7 F. Rainfall averagestion of the launching operations. Three cameras 20 inches per year.

2-9


52/306

MG-101 -2

TABLE 2-2EQ UIPM ENT AND SERVICES SUPPLIED BY EXISTING FACILITIES

Item LocationTarget Acquisition and Antenna Control System Central Control(R efe renc e D raw ing T6G -0 1-32)

1. Synchro circuits between the TLM-18 at TEL-3 and theMercuryControlCenter CentralControl2. CADDAC with provision for additional 2 inputs and 1

outp ut (in clu din g sw itch in g equ ipmen t)Teleme try System(Reference Drawing T6G-01-33,-34,-35) TEL-3

1. TLM-18antennaand trackingsystem TEL-32 . TLM-18 preamplifiers3. TLM-18 multiplex TEL-34. Terminal equipment for down-range T/M composite and

signalstrength TEL-35. Terminal equipment for Atlas T/M, 2 T/M composites,andsignalstrengthfromT-2 TEL-36. TLM-18routinetestequipment TEL-37. TLM-18antennaand trackingsystem TEL-28. TLM-18preamplifiers TEL-29. TLM-18multiplexers TEL-210. Signal strength subcarrier oscillators TEL-211. Tape recorder/reproducer (6 tracks plus timing) TEL-212. L ine term inal equipm ent consisting of tw o w ide-band ter-minals for T/M composites and one terminal amplifiersystem for multiplexed signal strength transmission TEL-213. Routinetest and calibrationequipment TEL-214. Equipment for transmission of eight Atlas T/M quantitiesfrom T-2 to T-3 with DC analog output at T-3 TEL-215. Telemetryunctionpatchpanel TEL-216. Tape recorder/reproducer (6 tracks plus range timing) GBI/GTI*17. Signal strength subcarrier oscillators GBI/GTI18. Line terminal equipment (submarine cable) GBI/GTICentral Control19. Tape patch panel GBI/GTI20. Routine test and calibration equipment GBI/GTI* GBI/GTI = Grand Bahama Island/Grand Turk Island

(Continued)2-10


53/306

MG-101-2-

TABLE 2-2. EQUIPMENT AND SERVICESSUPPLIEDBY EXISTING FACILITIES (Continued)Item Location

Radar D ata H andling System(Reference Drawing T6G-01-32) Terminated at TEL-3

1. Radar data source (nonprocessed serial data from CapeFPS-16, GBI, and San Salvador)Command Control S ystem(Reference Drawing T6G-01-45)

1. AN/FRW-2 system Command Control Building and GBI2. Two 10-kw amplifiers Command Control Building3. Fixed-positionantennas CommandControlBuilding4. Antenna patch panel at command control Command Control Building5. Voicemodulationprogrampanel Command Control Building6. Tone remoting equipment TEL-3 and other existing facilities7 . C ircuits external to M ercury Control Center8. AN/FRW-3 monitor receiver, decoder, and antenna at- Range Central Control (remoted to T-3) Central Control9. Space for antenna tower adjacent to Command Trans-mitterBuilding CommandControlBuilding

A ir G round Communications S ystem(R eference D raw ing T6G-01-38 and T6G-01-39)1. U HF (voice channel) coaxial cable from TLM-18 antenna

system to the TEL-2 UHF receiver2. R eceiver audio and control circuits to TE L-33. UHF (voice channel) coaxial cable from the TLM-18

antenna system to the receiver system TEL-35. Connections to the existing remote control system Central Control6. Utilities from Command Control Building to transmittershelter Command Control Building7 . Communications and control circuits betw een transm ittershelter and TEL-38. Connections to the existing remote control system (super-visory control) GBI/GTI9. Services, materials, and installation work GBI/GTI10. Tone remoting equipment between subcable terminal andReceiverBuilding GBI

(Continued)

2 - 1 1


54/306


55/306

MG-101-2

Table 2-3. EQUIPMENT NOT SUPPLIED BY EXISTING FACILITIES (MAJOR ITEMS) (Continued)System Equipment Typeormodel SuppliedBy

CapsuleCommand Coder controller C-1669Coder KY-171Air-Ground Corn- HF transmitter (2) CMG-1 CS-2029 Gatesmunications Trans. T282/GR

UHF transmitter (2) AN/GRT-3 (MOD Radio ReceptorMD141 A/GR)UHF receivers (2) R-278B/GR CollinsDistribution panel J-390/GR CollinsHF receivers (2) R-390A/URR G.F.E. (Collins)HF/UHF signal generator (2) BXR-66300 BendixCommunications technic ianconsole assembly BXR-CTC 500 BendixDiversitycombiner BXR-DDU 100 Bendix(microphoneamplifiers) M5167 Gates

Antennas Pedestal, command, and transmit Canoga CubicUHFquad-helixwithcommand CanogaCubicantennasHF signalgenerator TMC-VRA-2UHF signal generator antenna TACO-AS-390A/SRC

- Timing Timestandardrackassembly BendixRadioData Processing Analog-to-digital transmitter (2) 4005T Milgo

Analog-to-digitaleceiver (2) 4005R MilgoBufferdual-datatransmitter 4008T MilgoDual-dataeceiver 4008R MilgoDigitaldatatoteletype 165 MilgoconverterCartesian/polar converter 4003 MilgoPlotboard 3010 Milgo

Displays OperationDirector Console Stromberg-CarlsonFlightDirectoror Flight Console Stromberg-Carlson

DynamicsOfficer Console Stromberg-CarlsonCapsule Environment Monitor Console Stromberg-CarlsonCapsule System Monitor Console Stromberg-CarlsonFlight Surgeon (astrophysical Console Stromberg-Carlsondisplay)CapsuleCommunicator Console Stromberg-CarlsonRecoveryStatusMonitor Console Stromberg-CarlsonRecovery Director Console Stromberg-CarlsonMissile Telemetry Monitor Console Stromberg-CarlsonRangeSafetyObserver Console Stromberg-CarlsonRange Status Monitor Console Stromberg-CarlsonNetworkCommander Console Stromberg-CarlsonTV monitors Console RCA/WesternElectric

(Continued)

2-13


56/306

MG-101-2

TABLE 2-3. EQUIPMENT NOT SUPPLIEDBY EXISTING FACILITIES(MAJOR ITEMS) (Continued)System Equipment Type or model Supplied By

Wall d isplays :Mercator world map Nominal and actual cap- Stromberg-Carlson

sule track plus pre-dicted impact pointCountdown indicator Minutes and seconds to Stromberg-CaflsonlaunchOrbit number indicator 2-digit display Stromberg-CarlsonTime displays a. GMT Stromberg-Carlsonb. GMT at time of lift- Stromberg-Carlsonoff Stromberg-Carlson

c. Mission elapsed time Stromberg-Carlsond. Time to retrofire Stromberg-CaflsonField station statu s board

GroundCom- Teletype 28ASR(send-receive) TeletypeCorp.munications 28RO(receiveonly) TeletypeCorp.28ROTR (receive only Teletype Corp.- -typ ing reper fora tor)

2.7 TRANSPORTATION AND with the seasons. They are generally highestCOMMUNICATIONS from February through March, somewhat re-Rail transportation is not provided to Cape duced in April and May, and lowest duringCanaveral because of the excessive number of remaining months of the year. A lower-cost

bridges required for trains in this type of terrain, example of current furnished apartment rentalFreight and passenger rail traffic terminate 14 varies with the season from $200.00 to $250.00miles from Canaveral at the Roekledge Station, monthly, and is for a unit consisting of livingvia the Florida East Coast R.R. room, bedroom, bath, and etficiency kitchen.Eastern Airlines provides service to Orlando Hotel rates vary from a minimum of $8.00 perand to Melbourne, which is 25 road miles from day to approximately $20.00 per day, exclud-Canaveral. Rental car service is available at ing meals. New two- and three-bedroom homesthe Orlando Airport and at Cocoa Beach. Due are advertised in nearby towns. Prices for oneto the distances between the surrounding towns, representative group of homes range fromrental cars are considered more economical $9,500 to $11,800. Food and clothing coststhan taxis. Greyhound Bus Line serves U.S. are considered similar to those of metropolitanRoute 1, which passes through Cocoa. New

introduction to project mercury and tracking sites handbook

Documents