introduction to process technology
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Introduction to Process Technology. Unit 4 Basic Physics. Objectives. TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D) Describe application of physical and mechanical systems Describe career oportunities Apply design concepts - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Process Introduction to Process TechnologyTechnology
Unit 4Basic Physics
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ObjectivesObjectives
• TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D) – Describe application of physical and
mechanical systems– Describe career oportunities– Apply design concepts– Identify emerging issues with these
systems
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• What is Physics?• Properties and Structure of
Matter• Temperature Transfer• Temperature and Evaporation• Physics Laws• Fluid Flow
Today’s AgendaToday’s Agenda
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• Physics is the study of force on matter and energy– Matter – something that has mass
and volume
– Energy – anything that causes matter to change, but does not have properties of matter
What is Physics?What is Physics?
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Why Physics is Important to Proc Why Physics is Important to Proc TechsTechs
• Explains the basic principles of the equipment they use on a day-to-day basis. Examples –
• Allows them to understand the processes used to convert raw products to end products
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Why Physics is Important to Proc Why Physics is Important to Proc TechsTechs
• Allows them to understand how to troubleshoot the process or to identify a problem and then solve the problem
• Allows them to understand how the process affects other processes downstream
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Conservation of MatterConservation of Matter
• Matter cannot be created or destroyed; only changed
• Matter is considered to be indestructible
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Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only changed
• Energy is considered to be indestructible
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States of EnergyStates of Energy
• Potential – energy in a stored state
• Kinetic – energy in an active state (energy of motion or velocity)
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• Atoms – smallest unit of an element– Protons– Neutrons– Electrons
• Molecule – substance comprised of 2 or more atoms
Structure of MatterStructure of Matter
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• Atomic Number
• Atomic Weight
Structure of Matter Structure of Matter (Continued)(Continued)
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• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases & Vapors
• Plasma
Matter and its StatesMatter and its States
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• Mass
• Weight
• Volume
• Length
Extensive Properties of Extensive Properties of Matter Matter
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• Density
• Specific Gravity
• Buoyancy
• Viscosity
Intensive Properties of Intensive Properties of Matter Matter
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• Inertia
• Force
• Pressure
Intensive Properties of Intensive Properties of Matter Matter
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Intensive Properties of Intensive Properties of Matter Matter
• Elasticity
• Speed / Velocity
• Friction
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Heat TransferHeat Transfer
• British Thermal Unit (BTU) – English System
• Calorie – Metric System
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Heat TransferHeat Transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
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Heat TransferHeat Transfer
• Specific Heat
• Latent Heat
• Sensible Heat
• Superheated
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Temperature and State Temperature and State ChangesChanges
• Temperature
• Boiling
• Evaporation
• Melting
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Boiling PointBoiling Point
• The temperature of a liquid when its vapor pressure = the surrounding pressure
• Vapor pressure– A measure of a liquid’s volatility
and tendency to form a vapor– A function of the physical and
chemical properties of the liquid
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Relationship of Boiling Relationship of Boiling Point/vapor pressure/ Point/vapor pressure/ surrounding pressuresurrounding pressure
• Liquids w/ High VP – Low BP• Liquids w/ Low VP – High BP• As surrounding Pressure
increases, then BP of liquid increases
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Temperature and State Temperature and State ChangesChanges
• Condensing
• Freezing
• Sublimation
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Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales
• Fahrenheit - oF
• Celsius - oC
• Kelvin - oK = oC + 273
• Rankine - oR = oF + 460
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Pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge MeasurementMeasurement
• Gauge Pressure (psig) – pressure measured with respect to sea level. Any pressure above atmospheric.– Pressure due to atmosphere = 14.7 PSIA– PSIG = PSIA - 14.7
• Absolute Pressure (psia) = Gauge pressure + atmospheric
– PSIG + 14.7
• Vacuum Pressure (psiv) < 14.7
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Atmospheric pressure – Conversion Atmospheric pressure – Conversion factorsfactors
• 14.7 psi• 760 mm Hg• 29.92 in Hg
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• Vapor Pressure – higher bond strength, the lower the vapor pressure
• Boiling Point – lower the vapor pressure, higher the boiling point. Increase the pressure, increase the boiling point
• Melting Point
• Freezing Point
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To the TextbookTo the Textbook
• Chapter 10 – Basic Physics (pages 130 – 155)
• Read pages 130 – 136
• Answer questions 1 – 14 on pages 152 - 154
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Physics LawsPhysics Laws
• Boyle’ Law• Charles’ Law• Gay-Lussac’s Law• General (Ideal) Gas Law• Dalton’s Law• Bernoulli’s Law
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NASA Video
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NASA Video
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General Gas LawGeneral Gas Law
• P1V1 = P2V2
n1T1 n2T2
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Why Attention to Pressure Why Attention to Pressure is Importantis Important
Working with vacuums
Tanker Implodes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz95_VvTxZM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Overpressure situation
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Dalton’s Law of Partial Dalton’s Law of Partial PressuresPressures
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Bernoulli PrincipleBernoulli Principle
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Bernoulli’s PrincipleBernoulli’s Principle
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Fluid FlowFluid Flow
• Laminar Flow
• Turbulent Flow
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Laminar FlowLaminar Flow
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Turbulent FlowTurbulent Flow
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Turbulent flowTurbulent flow
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Factors Affecting FlowFactors Affecting Flow
• Viscosity• • Friction
• Obstructions
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Gas Laws and Flow Principles Gas Laws and Flow Principles in Actionin Action
• Balloon Rockets – Conceptual Physics lab manual pages 55 & 56
• Incorporate the 8 Principles of Engineering Design link– Work up preliminary sketches prior
to launch– Write up observations and learnings
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• Summary• Chapter 10 – questions 15 – 25
pages 154 & 155• Homework – Worksheets from
college manual• Activity – Floating Egg (textbook
page 155)