introduction to pic 16f877a
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to pic Microcontroller 16F877ATRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Microprocessor & Microcontroller Based Systems
Lecture 1: Introduction to Microcontrollers
By: Shahid S. Jan (Modified by Faizan Jawaid)
![Page 2: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Course Online
Course web site: • Dropbox link
– Syllabus, lecture slides, assignments, solutions, project guidelines, reference/reading material etc.
2
![Page 3: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CLASS POLICY
Assignments must be submitted within the
![Page 4: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Microcontroller
• Elements of a microcontroller– Microprocessor– I/O ports– Memory– Counters and timers– Special purpose interface devices (RS232,
USB, CAN, PWM, ADC, etc.)
4
![Page 5: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Microcontroller
5
![Page 6: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Embedded Systems
6
Embedded systems are special purpose computing systems designed to perform specific task(s).
![Page 7: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Embedded Systems
7Intentionally left blank.
![Page 8: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Embedded Systems Markets
1. Household
2. Entertainment
3. Automotive
4. Industry
5. Communication
6. Medical
8
![Page 9: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1. Household
• Climate control (thermostats, furnaces, etc.)
• Sprinkler systems
• Home security systems
• Appliances– Microwaves, refrigerators, ovens, washing
machines, dish washers, etc.
• RFID
9
![Page 10: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2. Entertainment
• TV, DVD/BR players, Remote Controllers, etc.
• Game consoles (Xbox, PS, Nintendo)
• iPod
• Digital cameras
10
![Page 11: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Automotive
• 50–100 embedded systems in autos
• 10–15 million lines of C code
• 35–45 micros per automobile
• BMW has a max of 70 micros
11
![Page 12: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Automotive (cont’d.)
• Antilock brakes
• Air bags
• Keyless entry
• Fuel injection
• Climate control
• GPS
12
![Page 13: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
4. Industrial
• ATM Machines
• Computer equipment (networks, printers, mouse devices, disk drives, etc.)
• Calculators
• Avionics
13
![Page 14: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
4. Industrial (cont’d.)
• Test equipment (scopes, meters, etc.)
• Robotics
• Ultrasound M/c
• Electronic tolls
14
![Page 15: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
5. Communications
• Cell phones
• Answering machines, fax machines
• PDAs
• Wireless radio
• RFID
15
![Page 16: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
6. Medical Applications
• Dialysis
• Electronic Surgical equipment
• Monitoring (ECG, EEG, blood pressure, ...)
• Imaging (Ultrasound, MRI, X-Ray)
16
![Page 17: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Embedded Systems Market
• Worldwide PC sales in 2008:256 million units
• Worldwide microcontroller sales in 2008:11 billion units
17
![Page 18: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Embedded Systems Growth
MPU MCU DSP Total
2004 30,488
12,449
7,798 50,734
2005 34,970
12,082
7,635 54,687
2006 37,605
12,837
9,083 59,526
2007 44,141
13,981
11,046
69,168
2008 45,280
14,686
11,391
71,358
2009 52,020
16,399
13,205
81,624
2010 56,154
17,805
15,996
89,956
2011 61,331
18,864
17,664
97,859
CAGR 10% 8% 14% 10%
MPU = microprocessors
MCU = microcontrollers
DSP = digital signal processors
World market, millions of dollars
CAGR = compounded annual growth rate
Source: DSP Outperforms.pdf18
![Page 19: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Embedded Systems Growth
Microcontrollers only
Sales in millions of dollars
Units in millions
Source: Market1.doc, http://www.electronics.ca/presscenter/articles/580/1/New-Study-Predicts-10-percent-Growth-for-Microcontrollers/Page1.html
Sales Units Price/unit
2004 12,449 6,930 $1.80
2005 12,082 7,081 $1.71
2006 12,446 8,464 $1.47
2007 13,716 10,233 $1.34
2008 15,631 11,255 $1.39
2009 16,272 11,831 $1.38
2010 17,723 13,502 $1.31
2011 19,204 14,450 $1.33
2012 20,480 15,765 $1.30
2007-12CAGR
8% 9% –1%
19
![Page 20: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Automotive Applications
• Microcontrollers in automobiles– $5.8 billion in 2006– $9.5 billion in 2010
20
![Page 21: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DSPs
• Two largest DSP customers: Nokia and Motorola
• Wireless phones comprise 85% of DSP market
21
![Page 22: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DSP Market
22
![Page 23: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Microcontroller Market
• 2005: 8-bit market about $5 billion, led by Microchip Inc. (24%)16-bit market about $5 billion
• Over 40 microcontroller manufacturersTI, Motorola, Freescale, Atmel, Parallax, National, Intel, Zilog, Hitachi/Mitsubishi/Renesas, Cypress, Holtek, Rabbit, Toshiba, NEC, Philips, Sanyo, Matsushita, Sony, LG Semicon, Samsung, Siemens, Toshiba, Fujitsu, Semtech, …
23
![Page 24: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Microchip PIC
• Microchip makes almost 400 different microcontrollers
• Microchip Advanced Parts Selector software available at www.microchip.com
24
![Page 25: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Datasheet p. 1
PIC = peripheral interface controller
Max clock freq.• 4 MHz• 10 MHz• 20 MHz
1 instr. every 4 or 8 clock cycles
PIC 16F877
![Page 26: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Memory Types
• ROM• PROM• EPROM (OTP)• EEPROM (Flash)• RAM
26
![Page 27: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PIC Programming
27
EEPROM Programmer – interfaces with Microchip software
![Page 28: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
EPROM Eraser
28
![Page 29: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In Circuit Debugger: Olimex ICD 1
Available from Sparkfun
RS232 interfacePower supply required
29
![Page 30: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
In-Circuit Debugger: PICkit 2
30
Mirochip Inc.
USB interfacePower supply is not required
![Page 31: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Lab Setup
31
PC
ICD
Breadboard
PICPIC
powersupply(ICD1 only)
USB orRS232
6-pincable
powersupply
header
MPLAB
![Page 32: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Microchip PIC Features
• High performance RISC CPU
• Only 35 single word instructions to learn
• 8K 14-bit words of FLASH Program Memory
• 368 bytes of general purpose data memory (RAM)
• 256 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory
• Interrupt capability (14 sources)
• Eight level deep hardware stack
• Watchdog timer ( will be discussed in lectures )
• Programmable code protection
• Power saving SLEEP mode3232
![Page 33: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Program Memory
• 8K words, 14 bits each
• 8K = 8 1024 = 8192 = 0x2000
• Addresses 0x0000–0x1FFF
• Addresses are 13 bits
3333
![Page 34: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Datasheet p. 136
35 instructions1 or 2 instr. cycles14 bits/instruction
Example:goto 0x3A2 =10 1011 1010 0010 =0x2BA2
Assembly code Assembler Machine code
34
![Page 35: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Datasheet p. 13
8-bit data words
368 bytes of data RAM, which is fast but volatile
256 bytes of data EEPROM,which is slow but nonvolatile(not shown on this page)
GPRs: 96+80+96+96 = 368 bytes
35
![Page 36: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Harvard Architecture
PIC16F877 bus widths
36
Program Memory
CPUData
Memory
Instruction14 bits
Address13 bits
Data8 bits
Address9 bits
36
![Page 37: Introduction to pic 16F877A](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061322/55cf98e4550346d0339a4b1c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The End