PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICSA Brief Introduction and Overview of Concepts

Katherine Kyra D. Alonday, RPhMS Pharmacy CandidateGraduate School, University of Santo TomasPHARMACOTHERAPEUTICSTherapy using Pharmaceutical Drugs1

Study of the Uses and Effects of drugs2

The Focus is the Patient, not the drug nor the disease.3

Achievement of the Therapeutic Goal: a clinical Purpose, a Cure, or Prevention41. The ACCP Clinical Practice Affairs Committee Subcommittee B, 19981999 (2000), Practice Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy Specialists. Pharmacotherapy, 20: 487490. doi: 10.1592/phco.20.5.487.350542. http://healthcare-online-education.org/npc10/2011/08/18/pharmacotherapeutics-definition/3. http://www.pharmamirror.com/knowledge-base/pharmaceutical-dictionary/pharmacotherapeutics/2PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICSin relation withPHARMACOLOGYPHARMACOLOGY The science of drugs (origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology)

Pharmacotherapeutics is a SUBTOPIC of Pharmacology.PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICSand the ROLE OF PHARMACISTS Disease state definition Clinical presentation pathophysiology Treatment Desired outcome MonitorinGREF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf4ROLE OF PHARMACISTSDisease state definition

To be equipped with the basic knowledge about the different diseases

To be able to recognize an ailment and respond to it through evidence-based practices

To be able to apply theory in real-life situations REF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf

Disease: adisorderedorincorrectlyfunctioningorgan,part,structure,orsystemofthebodyresultingfromtheeffectofgeneticordevelopmentalerrors,infection,poisons,nutritionaldeficiencyorimbalance,toxicity,orunfavorableenvironmentalfactors;illness;sickness;ailment.http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/disease5ROLE OF PHARMACISTSClinical manifestationTo be able to recognize and confirm specific accurate clinical manifestation/(s) of the many different diseases

SIGNS(objective): Laboratory results, Pain, Rashes, X-ray results, etc.

SYMPTOMS(subjective): Stomach ache, Fatigue, etc.

REF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf

In medicine asymptomis generally subjective while asignis objective. Any objective evidence of a disease, such as blood in the stool, a skin rash, is a sign - it can be recognized by the doctor, nurse, family members and the patient. However, stomachache, lower-back pain,fatigue, for example, can only be detected or sensed by the patient - others only know about it if the patient tells them.

6ROLE OF PHARMACISTSpathophysiologyTo know fundamental knowledge on normal and abnormal physiology

To understand the disease process in the biological system

To analyze the disease and learn how to resolve it

To provide appropriate therapy, treatment or measures of preventionREF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf7ROLE OF PHARMACISTStreatmentTo provide quality healthcare services through rational therapy/treatment

Not necessarily drugs; can be in the form of rehabilitation and other non-pharmacologic interventions

Epitome of the professional practice of PharmacistREF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf8ROLE OF PHARMACISTStreatmentIncludes several factors like:

Drug selection guidelinesDosing recommendationsAdverse effectsPharmacokinetic considerationsDrugdrug, Drug-disease, Drug-food and other interactions REF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf9ROLE OF PHARMACISTSDesired outcomeThe regimen must be directed towards a definite and specific positive goal.

The goal must be measurable.

The desired outcome must be achieved at the end of the therapy/regimen.REF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf10ROLE OF PHARMACISTSmonitoringMonitoring does not stop at the last dose of the drug.

Patient compliance must be, if possible, monitored.

Extended-care provided by the pharmacist

ADRs must be properly reported.

REF: http://ajprd.com/downloadebooks_pdf/15.pdf11APPROACHES IN PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICSAPPROACHES:1.By DiseasePharmacotherapy is based on the primary knowledge on the disease, its severity, progression and prognosis

2.By Drug Classification3.By Physiological Target12APPROACHES IN PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICSAPPROACHES:1.By Disease2.By Drug ClassificationPharmacotherapy is based on the appropriate drug group and specifications; their known side effects shall patterned to the known allergies and co-existing diseases or general needs of the patient

3.By Physiological Target13APPROACHES IN PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICSAPPROACHES:1.By Disease2.By Drug Classification3.By Physiological Target Pharmacotherapy is based on the specific cell, tissue, organ or part targeted. An example are chemotherapeutic drugs that are specifically indicated for different cancer types and the extent or severity of cancer metastasis.14