INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM

• WHAT IS PETROLEUM ????– A mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid

HYDROCARBONS

• HYDROCARBON ????– Very large molecules made up entirely

of carbon and hydrogen atoms

A SOURCE OF ENERGY

• A FUEL OF GREATER ENERGY CONTENT• MORE ENERGY THAN COAL• EASIER TO TRANSPORT• EASIER TO UTILIZE IN INDUSTRY• GASOLINE FOR CARS

WHAT IS IT USED FOR..MOSTLY

• FUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION AND HEATING– Transportation is 95% dependent

• PRODUCTS OF ALL TYPES ARE MADE FROM PETROLEUM

MINING FOR OIL• SINCE PETROLEUM IS DEEP IN THE

GROUND– AND A LIQUID TO BOOT

• AN OIL WELL MUST BE USED TO DRILL INTO THE GROUND– THE PETROLEUM IS THEN PUMPED

OUT THROUGH A PIPE

• THE PETROLEUM IS MEASURED BY– THE BARREL

• A BARREL HOLDS 42 U.S. GALLONS

SO WHAT DO YOU DO WITH IT• WHEN IT COMES FROM THE GROUND

– KNOWN AS CRUDE OIL– CRUDE OIL IS THE BASIC PETROLEUM

MATERIAL

• WHAT DO YOU DO WITH SOMETHING(OR SOME ONE) THAT IS CRUDE– YOU REFINE IT (OR THEM)

REFINING OF CRUDE OIL• A PROCESS CALLED

– FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION• SEPARATES CRUDE OIL INTO

– MANY DIFFERENT PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

• FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION– BREAKS LARGE HYDROCARBON

MOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES

WHAT CAN YOU MAKE• ALL TYPES OF USEFUL PRODUCTS

– PLASTICS– RUBBER– PAINT– DYES– MEDICINES– MOST CLOTHING ITEMS– POLAR FLEECE– THOUSANDS MORE

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION• MIDDLE EAST

• VENEZUELA

• NORTH SEA

• UNITED STATES

• MEXICO

• CANADA

• RUSSIA

OUR OWN COUNTRY

• TEXAS• OKALAHOMA

• COLORADO• GULF OF MEXICO

• ALASKA• CALIFORNIA

• ALASKA COASTAL REGIONS• THE LARGEST OIL FIELD IN THE U.S. IS…

–THE NORTH SLOPE, ALASKA

BARREL 1

GALLONS 42X 15,129,000 BARRELS

HOW MUCH DO WE USE• DURING A TYPICAL DAY THE U. S. USES

– 15,129,000 BARRELS OF OIL; THAT EQUALS

= ________________ GALLONS

• HOWEVER, THE U.S. WILL PRODUCE ONLY– 5,801,000 BARRELS OF PETROLEUM IN A TYPICAL

DAY

• SO, WHERE DOES ALL THE EXTRA COME FROM . . .

635,418,000.0

IMPORTS

• AND A LOT OF THEM– 9,338,000 BARRELS OF THEM IN 2001

• FROM WHERE– THE TOP IMPORTING COUNTRIES ARE

• CANADA• SAUDI ARABIA• VENEZUELA• MEXICO

HOW IS IT TRANSPORTED

• TRUCK

• PIPELINE

• TRAIN

• SHIP

• WHY NOT AIRPLANE

WHAT ABOUT A RESERVE,JUST IN CASE

• THE STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE– IS USED TO SUPPLY THE COUNTRY

• IF IMPORTS CUT OFF OR HARD TO GET

– ABOUT A 50 DAY SUPPLY• ABOUT 544,000,000 BARRELS

– STORED IN VARIOUS PLACES AROUND THE COUNTRY

– LAST USED• AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA

HOW DOES SUPPLY AFFECT COST

• A DECREASE OF ABOUT MILLION BARRELS– WOULD INCREASE COST ABOUT

• 10 CENTS A GALLON

HOW LONG IS IT GOING TO LAST

• NO ONE REALLY KNOWS, BUT . . .

• ESTIMATES FOR WORLD SUPPLIES– ABOUT 40 MORE YEARS– SOME EXPERTS THINK SHORTAGES WILL

BE APPARENT BY 2010

• FOR THE U.S.– IN 4 TO 10 YEARS WE MAY HAVE TO RELY

ON TOTALLY IMPORTED PETROLEUM