introduction to odour control technologies

ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd www.ergapc.co.uk

Introduction to Odour Control TechnologiesIntroduction to Odour Control Technologies

Richard HansonRichard Hanson MA MEng CEng MIChemEMA MEng CEng MIChemE

Middle East Director, ERG (Air Pollution Control) LtdMiddle East Director, ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd

Yousif Al-ShafieYousif Al-Shafie BSc AMIChemEBSc AMIChemE

Senior Proposals Engineer, ERG (Air Pollution Control) LtdSenior Proposals Engineer, ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd

Factors affecting technology selection and system costFactors affecting technology selection and system cost

ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd www.ergapc.com

IntroductionIntroduction

About ERGAbout ERG Specialist odour control system supplierSpecialist odour control system supplier 30 years’ experience 30 years’ experience UK and Middle East UK and Middle East

About this seminarAbout this seminar


Purpose of this technical seminarPurpose of this technical seminar

… … is to help is to help end-usersend-usersconsultantsconsultantsmain contractorsmain contractors

to know the right to know the right questionsquestions to ask when specifying and buying odour control to ask when specifying and buying odour control systemssystems


Plan for technical seminar Plan for technical seminar

Summary of types of odour control systemSummary of types of odour control system Advantages of each system and when to use each oneAdvantages of each system and when to use each one Factors affecting the cost of a systemFactors affecting the cost of a system Case studies and examplesCase studies and examples Summary – selection matrixSummary – selection matrix


Odour Control Technologies Odour Control Technologies 3 main technologies3 main technologies

Chemical scrubbing Chemical scrubbing Dry media (activated carbon) Dry media (activated carbon) Biological scrubbing Biological scrubbing


Technologies Technologies | Chemical Scrubbing| Chemical Scrubbing

Dosing chemicals

Purge (blowdown)Process water make-up

Contaminated air inlet

Treated air outlet



Used for treatingUsed for treating Air from complete sewage treatment plant – air flowrate ~5,000 to Air from complete sewage treatment plant – air flowrate ~5,000 to

>100,000 m>100,000 m33/hr /hr Mixed odour air – HMixed odour air – H22S, mercaptans, NHS, mercaptans, NH33, VOCs , VOCs High loadings from inlet works and sludge processingHigh loadings from inlet works and sludge processing

Advantages Advantages High efficiency scrubbing – up to >99.95%High efficiency scrubbing – up to >99.95% Flexible – good turn-down on flowrate and inlet odour loadingFlexible – good turn-down on flowrate and inlet odour loading Dosing chemicals use optimisedDosing chemicals use optimised Suitable for carbon polishingSuitable for carbon polishing



Factors affecting system sizeFactors affecting system size Air flowrate Air flowrate tower diameter tower diameter Inlet contaminant loading Inlet contaminant loading recirc pump size & chemical usage rate recirc pump size & chemical usage rate Removal efficiency Removal efficiency tower height tower height Type of contaminant Type of contaminant number of scrubbers number of scrubbers


Chemical Scrubbing Chemical Scrubbing | Cost examples| Cost examples

Example: Basic ScrubberExample: Basic Scrubber Air flowrate = 25,000mAir flowrate = 25,000m33/hr /hr Inlet HInlet H22S conc = 100ppm max & 20 ppm average S conc = 100ppm max & 20 ppm average 99.5% removal efficiency, outlet <0.5ppm 99.5% removal efficiency, outlet <0.5ppm Duty/standby fans, recirculation pumps, and dosing pumpsDuty/standby fans, recirculation pumps, and dosing pumps Local ductworkLocal ductwork Instruments, panel and controlsInstruments, panel and controls Chemical storageChemical storage

Approx system cost = $250,000 Approx system cost = $250,000


Chemical Scrubbing Chemical Scrubbing | Cost examples| Cost examples

Design and scope Design and scope CostCost AdditionAddition

Basic system (25,000m3/hr, H2S 100ppm max and 25ppm Basic system (25,000m3/hr, H2S 100ppm max and 25ppm average, 99.5% eff)average, 99.5% eff)

$250k$250k --

Inlet H2S conc 5x larger (500ppm max & 100 ppm Inlet H2S conc 5x larger (500ppm max & 100 ppm average)average)

+$80k +32%

Up to ~25ppm inlet mercaptans and outlet <500 ouE/m3Up to ~25ppm inlet mercaptans and outlet <500 ouE/m3 +$30k +12%

Additional acid scrubber for ammonia removal (100ppm Additional acid scrubber for ammonia removal (100ppm max & 20 ppm average) max & 20 ppm average)

+$130k +52%

2x air flowrate (50,000m3/hr), same H2S mass (50ppm 2x air flowrate (50,000m3/hr), same H2S mass (50ppm max & 10ppm average)max & 10ppm average)

+$110k +44%

2x air flowrate (50,000m3/hr), same H2S conc (100ppm 2x air flowrate (50,000m3/hr), same H2S conc (100ppm max & 20ppm average)max & 20ppm average)

+$160k +64%


Chemical Scrubbing Chemical Scrubbing | Operating | Operating CostsCosts

Basic systemBasic system Power (fan + pump) = 40kWPower (fan + pump) = 40kW Chemicals Chemicals = 5 litre/hr 27% caustic solution= 5 litre/hr 27% caustic solution

= 33 litre/hr 15% bleach solution= 33 litre/hr 15% bleach solution Process water Process water = 600 litre/hr = 600 litre/hr Effluent (to inlet PS) = 500 litre/hrEffluent (to inlet PS) = 500 litre/hr Operation staffOperation staff = 0.5 days/week routine= 0.5 days/week routine

= 2-3 days/year maintenance= 2-3 days/year maintenance


Technologies Technologies | Carbon Dry Media| Carbon Dry Media


Treated air outlet

Start – 0 months

1 month

2 months

3 months

4 months – odour breakthrough

> 4 months – carbon spent



Used for treatingUsed for treating Small air flows from wet wells, pumping stations – flowrates approx 200 - Small air flows from wet wells, pumping stations – flowrates approx 200 -

10,000m10,000m33/hr /hr Passive (no fan) applicationsPassive (no fan) applications Polishing filter downstream of chemical and biological scrubbers, flowrate Polishing filter downstream of chemical and biological scrubbers, flowrate

up to >100,000mup to >100,000m33/hr /hr



Advantages Advantages High efficiency odour control – low outlets High efficiency odour control – low outlets Simple and cost effective Simple and cost effective Upgradeable for low outlet odour, <50 ouUpgradeable for low outlet odour, <50 ouEE/m/m33 Regenerable carbon – low operating costRegenerable carbon – low operating cost



Factors affecting sizeFactors affecting size Air flowrate Air flowrate vessel diameter vessel diameter Inlet contaminant loading * required bed life Inlet contaminant loading * required bed life mass of carbon mass of carbon Type of contaminant Type of contaminant number of media beds number of media beds

Other considerationsOther considerations Performance at breakthroughPerformance at breakthrough Water provision and effluent disposalWater provision and effluent disposal


Carbon Filters Carbon Filters | Cost examples| Cost examples

Example: Basic Carbon FilterExample: Basic Carbon Filter Air flowrate = 2,000mAir flowrate = 2,000m33/hr, /hr, Inlet HInlet H22S conc = 50ppm max & 10 ppm averageS conc = 50ppm max & 10 ppm average 99.5% removal efficiency, outlet <0.5ppm99.5% removal efficiency, outlet <0.5ppm Water regenerable carbon with 12 month bed life Water regenerable carbon with 12 month bed life Vessel and duty/standby fansVessel and duty/standby fans Local ductworkLocal ductwork Instruments, panel and controls Instruments, panel and controls



Carbon Filters Carbon Filters | Cost examples| Cost examples

Design and scope Design and scope CostCost ChangeChange

Basic system (2,000m3/hr, 10ppm H2S average, 12 months bed life) Basic system (2,000m3/hr, 10ppm H2S average, 12 months bed life) $30k$30k --

2x bed life to 24 months2x bed life to 24 months +$5k +17%

1/2x bed life to 6 months1/2x bed life to 6 months -$3k -10%

Additional media for mercaptans removal to <50 ouE/m3Additional media for mercaptans removal to <50 ouE/m3 +$5k +17%

Duty only fan (instead of duty/standby)Duty only fan (instead of duty/standby) -$7k -23%

2x air flowrate (4,000m3/hr), same H2S 2x air flowrate (4,000m3/hr), same H2S mass mass (5ppm average), 12 (5ppm average), 12 months bed lifemonths bed life

+$5k +17%

2x air flowrate (4,000m3/hr), same H2S 2x air flowrate (4,000m3/hr), same H2S concconc (10ppm average), 12 (10ppm average), 12 months bed lifemonths bed life

+$10k +33%


Carbon Filters Carbon Filters | Operating costs| Operating costs

Basic systemBasic system Power (fan) Power (fan) = 2kW= 2kW No ChemicalsNo Chemicals Regeneration water Regeneration water = 7 m= 7 m33 per year per year Effluent (to inlet PS) Effluent (to inlet PS) = 7 m= 7 m33 per year per year Carbon replacementCarbon replacement = 450 kg every 5 years= 450 kg every 5 years

(carbon cost $2,200) (carbon cost $2,200) Operation staffOperation staff = <0.5 days/month routine= <0.5 days/month routine



Technologies Technologies | Bioscrubbing| Bioscrubbing

Nutrient dosing

Purge (blowdown)Final effluent make-up


Treated air outlet



Used for treatingUsed for treating Media air flowrate, up to ~10,000mMedia air flowrate, up to ~10,000m33/hr /hr High loadings from inlet works and sludge processingHigh loadings from inlet works and sludge processing

Advantages Advantages Good efficiency scrubbing, up to 99%+Good efficiency scrubbing, up to 99%+ No chemical storage & dosing requiredNo chemical storage & dosing required Suitable for carbon polishingSuitable for carbon polishing Low operating and maintenance costsLow operating and maintenance costs



Factors affecting sizeFactors affecting size Air flowrate Air flowrate tower diameter tower diameter Inlet contaminant loading Inlet contaminant loading purge rate purge rate Removal efficiency Removal efficiency tower height tower height

Other considerationsOther considerations Response to shock loadsResponse to shock loads Operating temperature Operating temperature


Bioscrubbing Bioscrubbing | Cost examples| Cost examples

Example: Basic BioscrubberExample: Basic Bioscrubber Air flowrate = 2,000mAir flowrate = 2,000m33/hr /hr Inlet HInlet H22S conc = 100ppm max & 20 ppm average S conc = 100ppm max & 20 ppm average 99.5% removal efficiency, outlet <0.5ppm 99.5% removal efficiency, outlet <0.5ppm Duty/standby fans, recirculation pumpsDuty/standby fans, recirculation pumps Local ductworkLocal ductwork Instruments, panel and controls Instruments, panel and controls



Bioscrubbing Bioscrubbing | Cost examples| Cost examples

Design and scope Design and scope CostCost ChangeChange

Basic system (2,000m3/hr, H2S 100ppm max & 20ppm average, Basic system (2,000m3/hr, H2S 100ppm max & 20ppm average, 99.5% eff)99.5% eff)

$80k$80k --

Inlet H2S conc 5x larger (500ppm max & 100 ppm average)Inlet H2S conc 5x larger (500ppm max & 100 ppm average) +$10k +13%

2x air flowrate (4,000m3/hr), same H2S conc (20ppm average)2x air flowrate (4,000m3/hr), same H2S conc (20ppm average) +$40k +50%


Bioscrubbing Bioscrubbing | Operating costs| Operating costs

Basic systemBasic system Power (fan & pump) Power (fan & pump) = 3kW= 3kW No ChemicalsNo Chemicals Final effluent Final effluent = 100 litre/hr = 100 litre/hr Effluent (to inlet PS) Effluent (to inlet PS) = 100 litre/hr = 100 litre/hr Media replacementMedia replacement = 24 m= 24 m33 every ~10 years every ~10 years

(media cost $8,000) (media cost $8,000) Operation staffOperation staff = <1 days/month routine= <1 days/month routine



Odour Control Selection Matrix Odour Control Selection Matrix

Design and scope Design and scope Chemical Chemical scrubberscrubber

Regenerable Regenerable Carbon FilterCarbon Filter

Bio-scrubberBio-scrubber

Basic system cost high low medium

Flexibility to varying inlet load v good v good moderate

Design H2S removal efficiency >99.95% >99.9% >99.5%

Suitable for carbon polish yes - yes

Chemical storage and dosing yes no no

Power usage medium low medium

Water + effluent requirement medium, continuous

low, annual medium, continuous

Routine checks weekly monthly monthly

Operability continuous continuous to breakthrough

continuous


SummarySummary Select basic type of system based on required operability and budgetSelect basic type of system based on required operability and budget System size & cost based on air flowrate and average inlet HSystem size & cost based on air flowrate and average inlet H22S load – S load –

consultant’s estimates consultant’s estimates Add further stages of treatment for complex inlet odour and for very low Add further stages of treatment for complex inlet odour and for very low

outlet concentrationsoutlet concentrations Involve ERG early in project scoping decisions Involve ERG early in project scoping decisions

ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd www.ergapc.co.uk

www.ergapc.comwww.ergapc.com

introduction to odour control technologies

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