introduction to neuroscience: systems neuroscience central … · 2018-12-01 · whole brain...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience
Central visual processes
Rafi Malach
Department of Neurobiology
![Page 2: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the function of the visual system?Creating an adaptive model of the environment
![Page 3: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Visual Pathway
![Page 4: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Low pass firing rate= BOLD fMRI
The Methods
Mukamel et al.
Firing rate
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging105-106 neurons
Hemodynamic Signal
Non InvasiveWhole brain coverage3X3 mm in 3T scanner
![Page 5: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Micro-electrodes1-10 neurons
Firing rate
Contacts104-106 neurons
Broad band Gamma Power
Firing rate= amplitude of fast (Gamma) fluctuations
Electrophysiology
Nir et al.
Spikes
LFP
Spikes/Gamma
![Page 6: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
retinotopy, visual field, contra- ipsi, fixation point, vertical meridianHorizontal meridian
Definitions:
![Page 8: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
YHIVZHFNXR
Optic nerve, chiasm, tract and radiation
Flow of information form the eye to the brain
![Page 9: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Atlas of human visual areas
![Page 10: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Unfolded atlas of human visual areas
![Page 11: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The lay-out of early visual areas
![Page 12: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Visual selectivity of single neurons:
a. What is its function in visionb. How is it generated
Visual Patterns
...
Firing Rate
1 2 3…
![Page 13: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“Tuning curve”
obj 1 obj 2 obj 3 obj 4 obj 5 obj 6 obj 7 obj 8 obj 9 obj 10 ...
Firing Rate
Visual Parameter(e.g. retinal position)
Sharply or narrowly tuned, selective
![Page 14: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Invariance: lack of sensitivity to changes in a visual property
obj 1 obj 2 obj 3 obj 4 obj 5 obj 6 obj 7 obj 8 obj 9 obj 10 ...
Firing Rate
Visual Parameter(e.g. retinal position)
![Page 15: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The properties of single neurons in area V1
The combinatorial explosion problem:The number of possible visual patterns is ultra-vast
![Page 16: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The properties of single neurons in area V1
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
![Page 17: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The properties of single neurons in area V1
![Page 18: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Receptive field of a visual neuron in area V1
![Page 19: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Columns: common vertical specialization
![Page 20: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What is the function of the oriented line detectors?
![Page 21: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Perceptual saliency of line detection
![Page 22: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How is orientation selectivity generated?
![Page 23: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Receptive field of a “Simple” cell in area V1
Stimulus selectivity of receptive fields
LGN
“Bar”
“Edge”
![Page 24: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The simple cell model
Convergence, threshold, synchronyAn “and” function
![Page 25: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The cortex is organized in layers
Inputs from
Lower Centers
Outputs to
higher centers
Outputs to other
systems
![Page 26: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ocular Dominance Columns
![Page 27: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Monkey Ocular Dominance Columns- top view
![Page 28: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What is the function of the ocular selectivity?
![Page 29: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Orientation and ocular columns- the “hyper –column”
![Page 30: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Orientation columns- top view
Orientation vs. OD
![Page 31: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Lateral Connectivity: massive, local, reciprocal interactions
0.2 mm
![Page 32: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Lateral Connectivity connects similar-function columns
![Page 33: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What is the function of the lateral connectivity
++
+
+
Positive feedback:“Ignition”- non linear response curves“attractors”- Completion effects“Recurrence”- Short term memory
![Page 34: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Demonstration of non-linear “Ignition-like” behavior
++
+
+
![Page 35: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Demonstration of non-linear “Ignition-like” behavior
++
+
+
![Page 37: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Demonstration of completion effects
++
+
+
![Page 38: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Large scale organizational principles of V1
Retinotopy
Mmagnification factor- mm cortex/visual angle
![Page 39: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Polar Retinotopic organization of visual cortex
HM
VM
WORLD CORTEX
HM VM
fovea
periphery
00 900TETA
R
![Page 40: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Center
Periph.
Center-Periphery organization
![Page 41: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
What happens down-stream?
Low
High
![Page 42: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Complex Receptive field of a visual neuron in area V1
![Page 43: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Complex Receptive field of a visual neuron in area V1How is it generated?
![Page 44: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Complex Receptive field of a visual neuron in area V1What is its function?
Position invariance
![Page 45: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fusiform “Face” Area
![Page 46: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Parahippocampal “Place” Area
![Page 47: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Complex templates at the top of the VENTRAL stream
“Face” neurons
![Page 48: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Face “Patches” are built of “face-neurons”
D. Tsao
![Page 49: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Electrical stimulation of the fusiform face area
![Page 50: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Columnar organization of complex shapes in high order Ventral Stream
![Page 51: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Large scale principles: Category organization
![Page 52: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Growing “abstraction” along the visual hierarchy
Increased complexity
Increased RF size
![Page 53: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
A toy model of integration along the cortical hierarchy
How can we advance beyond the toy model approach?
![Page 54: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Artificial networks now out-perform human visual recognition capabilities
Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Yamin and DiCarlo, 2016Guculu and Van Gerven, 2015
![Page 55: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
How can Deep networks compared to brain networks?
![Page 56: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Exemplar selectivity can be converted to distance between pictures
Similar activation patterns
Short distance (ED=0.77)
Dissimilar activation patterns
Long distance (ED=1.28)
![Page 57: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Comparing neural activation patterns driven by
different faces to DCNN activation patterns
Similar activation patterns
Different activation patterns
Neural distances matrix
![Page 58: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Hierarchy-based correlation of Human visual areas and Deep Network
![Page 59: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Hierarchy-based correlation of Human visual areas and Deep Network
![Page 60: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Large scale specialization
![Page 61: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Two streams in the visual system
![Page 62: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Content-Selectivity in human visual cortex
Gestalttemplates
IT/FFA
Motion(MT/V5)
Local elementsV1
Dorsal-stream(Action)
Ventral-stream(Recognition)
![Page 63: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Direction selectivity in area MT- Dorsal stream
![Page 64: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Columnar organization for direction and orientation in area MT
![Page 66: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Electrical stimulation of MT direction column- shifts perceptual judgment
![Page 68: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Motion blindness following dorsal stream lesion
![Page 69: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Action specialization in dorsal stream cortex
![Page 70: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Shmuelof and Zohary
Action specialization in dorsal stream cortex
![Page 71: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Massive “Top-Down” connections along the visual hierarchy
![Page 72: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Attention mediated by top-down connections
Moran and Desimone
![Page 73: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Top down attention in the human visual system
![Page 74: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Spatial (“spot-light”)attention in early visual system
![Page 75: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Template –selective attention in high order, ventral stream
![Page 76: Introduction to Neuroscience: Systems Neuroscience Central … · 2018-12-01 · Whole brain coverage 3X3 mm in 3T scanner. Micro-electrodes 1-10 neurons Firing rate Contacts](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050207/5f5a5fe17a97a7065763b052/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Spatial attention is mediated via the right dorsal stream
Visual Neglect following right parietal lobe lesion