introduction to national instruments wireless test platform
DESCRIPTION
Wireless standards, RF measurmentsTRANSCRIPT
Introduction to National Instruments
Wireless Test Platform
“Multi-Protocol”
•AM• FM• RDS• DVB-T, DVB-H• GPS, Glonass, Galileo• GSM/GPRS/EDGE•CDMA/CDMA2K/EVDO• WCDMA/HSDPA• LTE• WiLan 802.11a,b,g, n• WiMAX 802.16 d,e• BlueTooth+EDR• MediaFlo• NFC
MIMO
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RF Signal
Generators
& Analyzers
Switching,
Amplifiers,
Attenuators
RF Vector
Network
Analyzer
Power
Meters
FPGA I/O and
CoprocessingMulticore
Processing
Optimized APIs
Cellular, Wireless, and GPS
Test Toolkits(802.11 a/b/g/n , GSM/EDGE,
WCDMA, LTE, WiMAX, GPS,
etc.)
Reference Architectures
Soft Front Panels
NI RF Test Platform
Highly Modular HW
Sources of measurement time
Set up DUT(Synch, RF Ch, Power Lev)
Setup
Instrument
Perform
measurements
• DUT control time is often biggest contributor to test cost
• Switching time applies to multi-port DUTs
• Some actions can be performed in parallel
DUT and Instrument setup
Composite RF measurements
Proposed System: PXI Express based
• Use PXIe controller for fastest measurement times
• Achieves better repeatability than previous system
• Significant reduction in test time
• Tested over 3 power levels and 3 frequencies
Step Action A GPIB Time PXI Test Time Notes
1 Configure DUT 500 ms 500 ms
2 RF Power (10 Avgs) 466 ms 51 ms EVM & Power
3 EVM (10 Avgs) 470 ms - EVM & Power
4 Spectral Mask (10 Avgs) 1490 ms 81 ms
Total Time per Setting 2926 ms 632 ms
Time for Device 26.36 sec 5.69 sec 82% reduction!
Configure DUT% 17.1% 79.1%
Measurement Usage % 82.9% 20.0%
Industry-Leading Measurement Speed
How does it work?
• Faster bus + faster processor + faster tuning = faster measurements
WLAN: 3x to 10x faster than Standard Instruments
GSM/EDGE/WCDMA: 5x to 8x faster than Standard Instruments
WiMAX: 7x to 9x faster than Standard Instruments
What does it mean?
• Reduce chip validation test times from days to hours
• Production testers achieve better throughput
• Fewer test stations required for high-volume operations
Flexible designs solves
challenging problems
Phase-coherent MIMO TestUp to 16x16 configurations
Parallel Multi-comm TestTest GPS, WLAN, and FM concurrently
RF Record and PlaybackUp to TB’s of continuous signal
PXI for Test and Measurement
• Industry standard with 70+ vendors
• Ideal platform for measurement speed
High-speed PCIe data bus
Multi-core CPU’s for computing
• Ideal platform for automated test
R&D grade measurement accuracy performance (DC to RF)
Wide range of instrumentation: DMM, SMU, Digitizer, VSA, etc.
Early AccessEarly Access
WCDMA& HSPA+
NI Platform for Software-defined RF Test
WiMAX
WLANZigBee GPS
LTEGSM/EDGE
RFID
AM/FM Bluetooth CDMA2000 EV-DO
NI PXI Semiconductor Suite
High-Speed Digital I/O
- 100 and 200 MHz
clock rates,
up to 400 Mbps
Source Measure Unit
- Measurements down to 10 pAHigh-Speed Signal Insertion Switch- Take precision DC measurements
directly on digital I/O lines
New Products Expand DC, Digital, RF, and Switching Capabilities for PXI
RF 6.6 GHz
VSA/VSG
- Fast multiband
RF measurements
WGL/STIL Importing Software
- Import WGL and STIL digital data
formats from EDA tools directly with NI
HSDIO
NI PXIe-4154Battery Simulator Optimized for Mobile Device Test
Battery Simulator Optimized for Mobile Device Test
6 V, ±3 A, 2-quadrant battery simulator channel
Ultrafast transient response of <20 µs
200 kS/s continuous waveform acquisition of voltage and current
1 µA measurement sensitivity for quiescent/standby currents
Additional 8 V, 1.5 A charger simulator channel
RFID
GSM
802.15.1
EDGE
GPRS
Evolving Wireless Standards
1990 1995 20052000 2010
802.11
802.11a
802.11u
802.11j
802.11i
802.11k
802.11j
802.11h
802.11g
802.11f
802.11e802.11d
802.11b
WiMAX – 802.16-
2004
UWB
TD-SCDMA
UMTS
cdma2000
HSDPA
802.22
WiMAX – 802.16e
802.20
AMPS
IS95
IS136
IS54
ZigBee
802.11n
HSPA
LTE
DVB-H
MediaFlo
DVB-T
Converging Applications
Cellular
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
FM,
Traffic
(RDS)
NFC
GPS
Navigation
Broadcast TV
Design Flow Challenges
Research/Modeling
Design/Simulation
Verification/Validation
Manufacturing
• Measurement Accuracy
• Measurement Repeatability
• Measurement Speed
• Cost
Key Requirements
Software Centric Instrument Centric
Time to Market
• Cost
• Measurement Repeatability
• Measurement Speed
• Measurement Accuracy
Key Requirements
Instrument Driver Interfaces
LabVIEW CVI .NET C/C++ ActiveX HTBasic Other
TCL,
Perl,
MatLab
RS232
IVI
VISA
GPIBTCP/IPUSBPXI
Instrument Vendor’s DriverUUT Driver Interface
RS232
I2C
TCP/IP
USB Custom
Host ComputerTest Sequencer
Test Software Modules
Software Drivers
Converging Technology Challenges
Convergence Of Test
• Simulate & test any part of the system.
• Tight synchronization
• Cause & Effect
Audio
Digital
Power
BaseBand
IF
RF
NI RF Hardware ProductsRF Hardware
• 2.7 GHz Vector Signal Analyzer
• 2.7 GHz Vector Signal Generator
• 6.6 GHz Vector Signal Analyzer
• 6.6 GHz Vector Signal Generator
• 6 GHz Vector Network Analyzer
• 6.6 GHz CW Generator
• 3.0 GHz 30 dB Pre-Amp
• 6 GHz True-RMS Power Meter
• Up to 26.5 GHz, MUX, GP relays
IF/Baseband Hardware• 400 MS/s 16-bit Dual Channel AWG
• 150 MS/s 16-bit High-speed IF digitizer
• 32 Channel, 400 Mb/s High-speed DIO
LabVIEW FPGA Hardware• IF- RIO
• FlexRIO
•Battery Simulator - Optimized for Mobile Device Test
PXIe-5663ERF Vector Signal Analyzer
The NI PXIe-5663 is a 6.6 GHz RF vector signal analyzer with wide instantaneous
bandwidth that is optimized for automated test. Combined with high-performance PXI
controllers and the high-speed PCI Express data bus, this vector signal analyzer can
perform common automated measurements significantly faster than traditional
instruments.
• 10 MHz to 6.6 GHz frequency range
• 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth
• <500uS Frequency re-tuning time
• +/- 0.35 dB typical flatness within 20 MHz bandwidth
• +/- 0.65 dB typical amplitude accuracy
• <-158 dB typical noise floor at 1 GHz
• 80 dB typical spurious-free dynamic range
Key Specifications
RF - VSA List Mode Features, PXIe-5663E• Deterministic Frequency
tuning time <500uS• > 200 List Elements.• Optimized data
management “data streaming”
• Automatic or triggered element advance
I/Q sample rate fixed
…Acq
uis
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Re
cord
[1
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cord
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Acq
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cord
[0
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ord
[1]
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cord
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Ch
ange
Fr
eq
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Ch
ange
Fr
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Record 1 Record 2
Ad
just
R
efe
ren
ce
&
Trig
ger
Leve
ls
(Time)
(Am
plit
ud
e) +30dBm
-50dBm
-50dBm
-130dBm
GSM – Composite
Measurement TXP thread
I/Q
PVT thread
PFER thread
GSM – Composite
Measurement TXP thread
PVT thread
PFER threadI/Q
Host PC (Intel Quad Core) Parallel Measurement Processing.
Stream Data
Acq
uis
itio
n
Re
cord
[0
]
PXIe-5663E
Ch
ange
Fr
eq
ue
ncy
Configuration Per List Element
• Carrier frequency• Deterministic element
time duration• Multi-record acquisition
• Change reference level per acquisition record• Change I/Q trigger level per acquisition record
PXIe-5673ERF Vector Signal Generator
The NI PXIe-5673 is a wide bandwidth 6.6 GHz RF vector signal generator.
Combined with the appropriate software, the NI PXIe-5673 can generate a variety of
signals.
Key Specifications
• 85 MHz to 6.6 GHz frequency range
• 100 MHz of RF bandwidth
• Up to +10 dBm RF power
• -112 dBc/Hz phase noise at 10 kHz at 1 GHz
• - 66 dBc adjacent-channel leakage ratio for WCDMA
• -64 dBc typical image and carrier suppression at 2.4 GHz
• Mobile WiMAX EVM: -46* dB (3.5 GHz)
• Fixed WiMAX EVM: -45* dB (2.5 GHz)
• Wireless LAN EVM: -45* dB (2.4 GHz)
• Filtering and interpolation (Analog Filter, 2x, 4x, 8x) improves signal quality
• Direct Digital Synthesis (Function Generators) enables micro-hertz frequency resolution
• Sequencing (Looping, Linking, Scripting) enables generation of complex waveforms
• Advanced markers and events (Marker, Data Bit) enables synchronization with other instruments
• Onboard Signal Processing (OSP) Enables fast data transfer to Arbitrary Waveform Generators
On the Fly Impairments• I/Q Gain Imbalance
• DC Offset
• Phase Shift & Quadrature Skew
RF Vector Signal Generators Features
• Deterministic Frequency tuning time <250uS
• > 200 List Script Elements.
• Automatic or triggered script advance
I/Q rate fixed
…GSM
_Dw
n_l
ink
GSM
_Dw
n_l
ink
WiL
AN
_80
2_1
1a
WiL
AN
_80
2_11
b
GP
S
Ch
ange
Fr
eq
ue
ncy
Ch
ange
Fr
eq
ue
ncy
Record 1 Record 2
Ad
just
VSG
Gai
n
(Time)
(Am
plit
ud
e) +10dBm
-50dBm
-50dBm
-130dBm
VSG – List Mode Scripts
GSM
_Dw
n_l
ink
PXIe-5673E
Ch
ange
Fr
eq
ue
ncy
Configuration Per Script List Element
• Carrier frequency• Amplitude• Deterministic element
time duration• Multi-waveform support• Markers and triggers
Test Scenario 1Frequency 20000Hz, Amplitude 0dBmGenerate WiLAN_802_11a – 250mSGenerate WiLAN_802_11b – 250mSGenerate GPS – 2000mS
End
Test Scenario 1Frequency 100000Hz, Amplitude 10dBmGenerate GSM_DWL_Link – 500mSAmplitude -50dBmGenerate GSM_DWL_Link – 500mS
End
RF - VSG List Mode Features, PXIe-5673E
Built with Next Generation Technology in Mind
• MIMO
802.11n
WiMax
LTE
Phased Array Radar
• Active Radar
• Passive Radar
Frequency
Guard
Sub-CarriersPilot
Sub-Carrier
Data
Sub-Carrier
Transmitter ReceiverFree Space
Basic Channel Models
SISO - Single Input / Single Output
MISO – Multiple Input / Single Output MIMO – Multiple Input / Multiple Outputs
SIMO – Single Input / Multiple Output
Transmit Diversity
Receiver Diversity Transmitter Receiver
Transmitter Receiver
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Transmitter ReceiverCommon / Legacy
Radio Channel
Multiple Data Streams
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Transmitter Receiver
Increases the robustness of the transmitted signal, when poor channel condition’s exists.
Uses multiple data streams to increase cell capacity.
Improves the received SNR by combining copies of the same signal.
Technology 1: High-Speed Data Bus
National Instruments - “MISO Configuration”.
RF RF RF RF IF RF IF IF IF
Clk Clk ClkLo Lo Lo Lo
VSGPXIe-5673E
4 x VSA’sPXIe-5663E
ControllerPXIe-8130
• 18 Slot PXIeChassis.
• Supports up to 5x VSA’s Per Chassis.
• Supports up to 4x VSG’s Per Chassis.
• Combination of VSA’s & VSG’s -“MIMO”.
• Multi-Chassis Synchronization Available.
PXIe-1075Chassis
NI Multiple Input Configuration.
PXIe-5601 PXIe-5622
ADC DDC
PXIe-5601 PXIe-5622
ADC DDC
PXIe-5601 PXIe-5622
ADC DDC
PXIe-5601 PXIe-5622
ADC DDC
PXIe-5652Shared Lo
85MHz–6.6Ghz
-Sample Clk
Ref Clk
RF-In(Ch0)
RF-In(Ch1)
RF-In(Ch2)
RF-In(Ch3)
PXIe-8130Controller
Multi-CoreI/Q Processing
• <+/-0.1o degree RMS of channel to channel jitter.
• <0.05o degree, channel to channel adjustment resolution.
• +/-0.65dBm channel to channel amplitude accuracy.
• Stream 50MHz of real-time spectral bandwidth –“250MB/s” to the embedded computer.
• Each PXIe-1075 chassis using a PXIe-8130 embedded computer can support up to 5 VSA I/Q data streams, simultaneously acquiring@ 250MB/s.
Shared Lo
Shared Sample Clock
Shared Reference Clock
RF Span To IQ Data Rate
•50MHz = 250MB/s•20MHz = 100MB/s
250MB/s
250MB/s
250MB/s
ExternalRef Clock
PXIe-1075Chassis
NI Multiple VSG Configuration.
PXIe-5652Shared Lo85MHz–6.6Ghz
Ref Clk
RF-Out(Ch0)
RF-Out(Ch1)
PXIe-8130Computer
Multi-CoreI/Q Processing
• <+/-0.1o degree RMS of channel to channel jitter.
• <0.05o degree, channel to channel adjustment resolution.
• +/-0.75dBm channel to channel amplitude accuracy.
• Generate signals >100MHz of real-time bandwidth –“500MB/s” per channel from the embedded computer to the VSG.
• Each PXIe-1075 chassis using a PXIe-8130 embedded computer can support up to 4 VSG I/Q data streams, simultaneously generating @ 500MB/s.
Shared LoShared Sample ClockShared Reference Clock
IQ Data Rate To RF Bandwidth•500MB/s = 100MHz •250MB/s = 50MHz•100MB/s = 20MHz
PXIe-5611
90o+
+I
-I
-Q
+Q
PXIe-5450DAC
DAC
OSP
I
Q
PXIe-5611
90o+
+I
-I
-Q
+Q
PXIe-5450DAC
DAC
OSP
I
Q
ExternalRef Clock
+
+
500MB/s
500MB/s
Sample Clk -
PXIe-5611
90o+
+I
-I
-Q
+Q
PXIe-5450DAC
DAC
OSP
I
Q
+
500MB/s
RF-Out(Ch2)
Shared Reference vs. Shared LO
VSA Synchronization Stability
PXI Express NI FlexRIO
• Peer-to-peer streaming
• 800 MB/s across PXI Express backplane
• Onboard DRAM
• 2x 256 MB banks
• 1.6 GB/s per bank
• Enhanced Synchronization
• Share PXI 10 MHz reference clock or DSTAR_A with adapter module
NI FlexRIO Architecture
Host PCLabVIEW
for Windows
PCIe x4
Virtex 5 FPGA
Memory Power ClockingSynch
STC
3
Mo
du
le C
on
ne
cto
rs
Analog / Digital
Daughtercard,monolithic front-end,
or terminal block
NI-
def
ined
dau
ghte
rca
rdin
terf
ace
IPNI-defined board resource IPNI-
def
ined
bu
s in
terf
ace/
stre
amin
g IP
CLIP
I/O Port 2
XI+
Loader
Triggers /Timestamp
PXIe-1075Chassis
In-Line FPGA Processing - PXIe FlexRIO
PXIe-5601 PXIe-5622
ADC DDC
PXIe-5652Shared Lo
85MHz–6.6Ghz
Ref Clk
RF-In(Ch0)
RF-In(Ch2)
PXIe-8130Controller
Multi-CoreI/Q Processing
• Stream from multiple VSA’sdirectly to the FlexRIO. “Per To Per”
• Stream multiple data stream’s to and from FlexRIOto embedded computer simultaneously.
• Each FlexRIO supports up to 4 bi-directional data streams @ 250MB/s,
• Cascade multiple FlexRIOcards to increase signal processing capability.
Shared Lo
Shared Sample Clock
Shared Reference Clock
PXIe-5601 PXIe-5622
ADC DDC
250MB/s
250MB/s
ExternalRef Clock
IQ Data Rate To RF Bandwidth•500MB/s = 100MHz •250MB/s = 50MHz•100MB/s = 20MHz
PXIe-5611
90o+
+I
-I
-Q
+Q
PXIe-5450DAC
DAC
OSP
I
Q
FlexRIO Express FPGA (ST95T)
RF-Out(Ch0)
Current NI Data Streaming Products
HDD-8264
•600 MB/s
•3-12 TB
•Over 12 hours at 100 MS/s
•Over 32 hours RF
•3 channels at 100 MS/s, 6 RF
•200 MB/s
•1-4 TB
•Over 1 hour at 100 MS/s
•Over 2.5 hours RF
HDD-8263 NI 8352/53 Rack Mount Controllers
•Dual Core/Quad Core Processors Based
•1-4 TB HDD
•200 MB/s RAID-0
•Removable HDDs
Data Link
NI RF Toolkits
• RF Toolkit Focus
PHY measurements
Automated test
Toolkits include:
• APIs for LabVIEW, CVI,.Net
• Installer w/ licensing
• Application specific specifications
• Interactive examples
• DUT specific libraries
• TestStand sequencesPhysical Layer (PHY)
MAC
LLC
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Applications
NI Tools for LTE Test
PXIe-5673E 6.6 GHz RF
Vector Signal Generator
PXIe-5663E 6.6 GHz RF
Vector Signal Analyzer
NI Measurement Suite for LTE
(LabVIEW, C/C++, etc.)
Screenshot
Required
LTE Measurement Suite
• Interactive Soft Front Panels
• TestStand Support
• API for LV 8.6.1 and above
• API for C, C++, and .NET API
LTE Toolkit Feature List
• Measurements include:
OBW, Power in band, ACP,SEM
CCDF, Power vs. Time
Data EVM, Reference signal EVM
Quadrature Impairments
CFO, SCO
Channel response
Spectral flatness
• Interactive soft front panel and API
WLAN Measurement Suite
• Standard Support
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n
MCS 0-31 for 802.11n
• Software support
API for LabVIEW and C/C++
Interactive soft front panels
• Measurement performance
RMS EVM (EDGE): -45 dB
3x to 5x Faster than Traditional
Instruments
WLAN Measurement Suite Highlights
• WLAN Generation Toolkit
Supports DSSS data rates of 1,2,5.5 CCK, 5.5 PBCC, 11 CCK, 11 PBCC,
22 , and 33 Mbps
Supports OFDM data rates of 6, 12, 18,24, 36, and 54 Mbps
• WLAN Analysis Toolkit
Measurement algorithms are optimized for speed
Most measurements 3x-5x faster than traditional boxes
Typical residual EVM measurements of 1% (-40 dB)
• Other details
APIs in LabVIEW and CVI
Supports IEEE 802.11a/b/g
Recommended with 6.6 GHz RF instruments
WLAN Signal Analysis
• Measurements Include:
Transmit Power
Frequency Offset
Carrier Leakage
Spectral Flatness
Spectrum Mask Margin
Power Ramp Time
EVM
• Traces include
Spectrum Mask
Power Versus Time
Constellation
GSM/EDGE Measurement Suite
• Standard Support
GSM, EDGE
UE and BS testing
• Software support
API for LabVIEW and C/C++
Interactive soft front panels
Teststand example sequences
• Measurement performance
Modulation ORFS (GSM): -68 dBc
RMS EVM (EDGE): < 0.5%
WCDMA/HSPA+ Measurement Suite
• Standard Support
WCDMA, HSPA, and HSPA+
UE and BS testing
• Software support
API for LabVIEW and C/C++
Interactive soft front panels
Teststand example sequences
• Measurement performance
ACLR (Uplink): -63 dBc
RMS EVM (Uplink): < 0.5%
GPS Simulation Toolkit
• Standard Support
GPS C/Code Generation (L1)
Support for WAAS generation
Waypoint and trajectory mode
• Software support
API for LabVIEW and C/C++
Interactive example programs
• Measurement capabilities
Sensitivity
Time to first fix (TTFF)
Key Features of the GPS Toolkit
• Key GPS simulation features
Generation of up to 12 satellites (C/A) codes
Flexible range of RF power levels
Enables measurements such as sensitivity, TTFF, and accuracy
• New features for validation testing
Up to 24 hours of non-repeating signal generation
Individual control of satellite power
Simulation of custom receiver movement
WiMAX Measurement Suites
• Standard Support
Fixed WiMAX (802.16d)
Mobile WiMAX (802.16e-2005)
• Software support
API for LabVIEW and C/C++
Interactive soft front panels
• Measurement performance
RMS EVM (EDGE): -45 dB
3x to 5x Faster than Traditional
Instruments
NI PXIe-5630 VNA - overview
Industry’s First PXI VNA
Compact – Two slots
2 port/1 path (T/R test set)
Freq Range 10 MHz - 6 GHz
Dynamic Range > 100 dB
Accuracy < ± 0.1 dB, 0.1 deg (typical)
Sweep Speed 400 µs/point (typical)
Number of Points 3201
RBW 10 Hz - 30 kHz
Power Range -35 dBm to +5 dBm
Frequency Accuracy 2.5 ppm
PXI Solution for Reverse S-ParametersPXIe-5630 + PXI-2598