introduction to mineralogy dr. tark hamilton chapter 2: lecture 6 camosun college geos 250 lectures:...
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Introduction to MineralogyDr. Tark Hamilton
Chapter 2: Lecture 6
Camosun College GEOS 250
Lectures: 9:30-10:20 M T Th F300
Lab: 9:30-12:20 W F300
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Mineral Physical Properties(non-optical)
1) Mass/Volume: Density, Specific Gravity
2) Strength: Hardness, Tenacity, Parting, Fracture, Cleavage
3) Chemical Physical: Feel, Smell, Taste, Solubility, Streak, Magnetism, Radioactivity, Conductivity, Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity
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Physical Props Definitions
1) Density: Mass/Volume, g/cm3 , Kg/m3 derived, intrinsic
2) Specific Gravity: δmineral / δwater= dimensionless, relative
3) Streak: color of powdered compound (scattering>reflection) e.g. all SULPHUR streaks Yellow
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Jolly Balance for Specific Gravity
G = WAIR / (WAIR – WH2O )
Dry pan
Wet pan
Calibrated Spring
Leveling Feet
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Same Structure - Different Cation
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Density depends on Composition
28.5 at.% Fe 100 at. % Fe
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Physical Properties that depend on External Force
& Internal Strength4) Hardness: scratch test & various others
5) Tenacity: resistance to breakage, deformation
6) Fracture: equidimensional breakage patterns
7) Parting: oriented, irregular discontinuities
8) Cleavage: planes of weak or infrequent bonds
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MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE
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Relative versus Absolute Hardness
Deformation understandard applied force
Scratch resistance of a freshMineral surface
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TENACITYresistance to deformation
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Partings(irregular, discontinuous, infrequent)
Basal – Pyroxene8 sided prisms
Rhombohedral – CorundumHexagonal prisms
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Cleavage directions & formsOctahedral 4 @ 109.5°
4 pinacoids, (111)Cubic 3 @ 90°
3 pinacoids, (100)Dodecahedral 6 @ 116.6°
6 pinacoids, (110)
Prismatic 2 = (2 dihedral angle)Basal 1(Pedion)
Why not pinacoidal, ?Rhombohedral 3
No 90° or 60°/120°
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Chemical & Physical Properties
1) Feel: surface texture, slippery, soft, greasy2) Smell: earthy, sulphurous, heat dependance3) Taste: metallic, salty, bitter4) Solubility: in water, acid, base, oil 5) Magnetism: induction remnant, ferro, para, dia6) Radioactivity: α, β, γ & energies 7) Conductivity: electric current, heat8) Piezoelectricity: pressure induced
polarization 9) Pyroelectricity: heat induced polarization
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Quartz Piezoelectric LCD Watch